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Tag: "activates" at medical news

Light-activated Compound May Be of Help for Epileptics in Future

...electrode, so why not a light?" The new compound activates the same receptor used by many anesthetics and tranquilizers, making it harder for a brain cell to respond to stimulation. Mennerick and his colleagues tested the drug on cells in culture set up to behave like they were involved in a seizure, with th...

New Drugs Shows Promise in Slowing the Progression of Prostate Cancer

...t interrupted, the binding of these growth factors activates an intracellular signaling pathway that leads to tumor proliferation. While other drugs such as docetaxel have shown to benefit men with advanced prostate cancer, no other second-line therapy (a treatment given when an initial treatment (first-lin...

New Drug Promises Prolonged Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients

...t interrupted, the binding of these growth factors activates an intracellular signaling pathway that leads to tumor proliferation. While other drugs such as docetaxel have shown to benefit men with advanced prostate cancer, no other second-line therapy (a treatment given when an initial treatment (first-line...

Scientists Uncover Cause of Antipsychotic Drug Weight Gain

...own player in triggering classic allergy symptoms, activates AMPK to the same extent as clozapine. To confirm that the histamine receptor connects the drug, AMPK activity and appetite, the team gave clozapine to mice genetically engineered without a histamine receptor. Results? Peace. No heightened AMPK act...

Enzyme Critical for Early Growth of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

...eption for people to think there is one event that activates an abdominal aortic aneurysm and that its progression is inevitable,' Thompson explains. 'Our studies suggest there is ongoing inflammation that waxes and wanes over many years, and that the 'trigger' actually occurs over and over again.' Smokers a...

Researchers Investigate Gene Linked With Circadian Liver Clock

... bred with a strain carrying a gene construct that activates the elements specifically in liver cells. In transgenic offspring fed with tetracycline-like doxycyline (Dox), Rev-erba remained silent in liver cells and Bmal1 functioned normally. In the absence of Dox, transgenic offspring overexpressed REV-ERBa, ...

Reactivated Genes Cause Tumors to Shrink (or) Disappear

...cle. In other words, when functioning properly, it activates DNA repair mechanisms and prevents cells with damaged DNA from dividing. If DNA damage is irreparable, p53 induces the cell to destroy itself by undergoing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. When p53 is turned off by mutation or deletion, cells a...

A Spoonful Of Sugar to 'Switch' the Bacteria on and Off

...IBD. But he's also adapted the bacteria so it only activates in the presence of a plant sugar called xylan that is found in tree bark. Xylan is naturally present in food in low concentrations, so by taking it in higher quantities, a patient will be able to produce their own medicine as and when they need it. ...

Dual Gene Therapy Suppresses Lung Cancer in Preclinical Test

...vascular surgery. The FUS1/p53 combination also activates a cell suicide pathway based in the cells' mitochondria, their energy powerhouse. Lab experiments first showed that the gene combination cut the number of viable cells in four lines of human non-small cell lung cancer by 70 to 80 percent 48 hours a...

Potential Key to Brain Blood-Flow Disorders Explored by Scientists

...astrocyte. This increase in calcium at the endfeet activates a calcium-sensitive protein, known as a potassium (BK) channel, which permits potassium ions to pour out of the astrocytes onto the adjacent muscle cells in the brain artery. The authors showed that removing the BK channels, either by drugs or gen...

Inflammatory Genes Linked to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

... kidneys’ ability to release sodium. When stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (the fight-or-flight mechanism), the body increases production of interleukin 6, a pro-inflammatory factor, which ultimately leads to production of other inflammatory factors such as C reactive protein. Stress also pr...

Glucose Sensor That Controls Glucose Metabolism Identified

...o the standard definition of a typical ligand that activates nuclear receptors, transcription factors that coor...s the first signaling pathway where a carbohydrate activates a nuclear receptor, although the precise mode of binding remains unknown. As part of the study, m...

Stem Cells as Cancer Therapy

...al stem cells engineered to express an enzyme that activates an anti-cancer drug. It is much too early to know whether this study in mice will lead to any kind of valuable treatment for humans with cancer. Clinical trials in humans are needed before doctors can know whether stem cells have a role in cancer ...

Protein Essential for Kidney-to-Bladder Urine Transfer

...cells. According to the theory, this communication activates immune cells to fight invaders. Swat had hypothesized that DLGH1 might help move structures to one side of an immune cell for creation of the synapse. As expected, loss of DLGH1 proved fatal for mice during or shortly after birth. While examining t...

Genetically Modified Cells Attack Tumors

...ers used the rabbit form of this enzyme because it activates CPT-11 much more efficiently than the human version, Danks said. This activation is essential to treatment because the activated form is up to 1,000 times more active than CPT-11. While half of a group of 10 mice that received only CPT-11 survived...

How Blood Flow Dictates Gene Expression

...el leads to the upregulation of Klf2, which either activates or represses genes that control smooth muscle tone, that is the caliber of the vessel. (Tone is governed by how much a muscle contracts or relaxes.) These genes encode proteins that are either secreted or are on the cell surface of the endothelium an...

Researchers Discover Internal Compass of Immune Cells

...converted by the cells to adenosine, which in turn activates A3 adenosine receptors concentrated at the front of cells, providing the signal to move toward the source of chemoattractants. Lead authors Yu Chen, M.D., UCSD postgraduate researcher in surgery and Ross Corriden, UCSD graduate student in biomedic...

Hair-Growth Drug Artificially Lowers Psa Levels in Prostate Cancer Screening

...ne (DHT) by an enzyme named 5-alpha reductase. DHT activates the genes responsible for the development of male-pattern hair loss. Finasteride interferes with this process by blocking 5-alpha reductase and preventing the conversion of testosterone to DHT. The data in The Lancet study were collected by Dr. Roe...

Parkinson's Mutation Stunts Neurons

... enzyme called a kinase--a biochemical switch that activates other proteins by attaching a molecule called a phosphate to them. In their experiments, when the researchers generated mutant forms of the enzyme, they discovered that the mutants showed higher-than-normal enzymatic kinase activity compared to the...

A novel vaccine proves a shot in the arm for colorectal cancer patients

British researchers have produced a vaccine that activates the immune systems in colorectal cancer patients to attack cancerous cells. // During a clinical trial of 67 patients, researchers at the University of Nottingham discovered that when the vaccines were injected pre and post surgery of the cancerous...

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