Reticulum in Medical News

Scripps scientists find calcium channel blockers help normalize lysosomal storage disease cells

... and distribution of cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones, possibly by activating certain ... calcium homeostasisXin the endoplasmic reticulum appears to be a relatively safe and selective ... Altering calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum does not appear to affect the folding efficiency ...

St. Jude finds mechanism for faulty protein disposal

... proteins are ejected from the endoplasmic reticulum through channels called retrotranslocons and put ... proteins do not accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and kill the cell by disrupting the vital process ... identified a channel out of the endoplasmic reticulum for glycosylated proteins, or proteins tagged ...

Researchers aim to over-stress already taxed mantle cell lymphoma cells

... in response to stress. They also found that the usually busy endoplasmic reticulum of these cells, which is supposed to be making normal antibodies, is ... and proteasome inhibitors to study protective versus lethal endoplasmic reticulum stress as a way to get rid of mantel cell lymphoma cells. The laboratory ...

Key protein may explain the anti-aging and anti-cancer benefits of dietary restriction

... stems from the effects of misfolded proteins and opens up a rich area of investigation to examine the mechanisms by which stress in the endoplasmic reticulum affects lifespan. ...

Retinal Gene Is Linked to Childhood Blindness

... but SPATA7 is the first gene with a mutation that disrupts the protein transport between two important compartments of the cell -- the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Because all proteins in every cell have to pass through this transport system, a mutation in SPATA7 might affect many ...

Slices of living brain tissue are helping scientists identify new stroke therapies

... they need for normal function. MCG Retinal Biologist Sylvia Smith and others have shown that sigma receptors are located within the endoplasmic reticulum of cells, which controls protein synthesis and regulates calcium levels. When needed, the receptors appear to chaperone these proteins to the cell ...

Researchers identify toehold for HIV's assault on brain

... team also showed, in mice, that a single exposure to Tat has long-lasting effects on the brain, causing problems with mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum weeks later. Perhaps most striking, Gelbard says, is the observation that the exact same types of damage were seen in brain tissue of patients with ...

Fat Cells in Obese People Are 'Sick'

... Medicine and chief of endocrinology, said in Temple press release. Boden said that the obese people's fat cells showed stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which helps cells synthesize proteins and monitor how they are folded. When the ER is stressed, Boden explained, it produces several proteins ...

Calcium may be the key to understanding Alzheimer's disease

... Professor of Physiology. "Mutated PS1 and PS2 caused exaggerated cellular calcium signaling in cells through a calcium channel in the endoplasmic reticulum called the inositol trisphosphate receptor [InsP3R], suggesting that it or other proteins in this calcium signaling pathway could be targets for new ...

Discovery of gene mechanism could bring about new ways to treat metastatic cancer

... carcinomas and melanomas. Further, the team determined that mda-7/IL-24 induces tumor-specific killing through a process known as endoplasmic reticulum stress. The endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, is a subcellular structure that plays a key role in cellular protein disposition. ER stress results from ...

UC Davis researchers find evidence of mature heart cell potential in embryonic stem cells

... including more than 300 in California. UC Davis research scientist Ronald Li and his colleagues write in their study, Functional Sarcoplasmic reticulum for Calcium-Handling of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Insights for Driven Maturation, that they observed cells that had begun the ...

UMass Medical School receives $300,000 from JDRF and Iacocca Foundation

... and their respective projects supported by the grants include: Rita Bortell, PhD, associate professor of medicineThe role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in immune cell functions and during pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes Stephen J. Doxsey, PhD, professor of molecular medicine, ...

UMass Consortium awarded $300,000 from Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and Iacocca Foundation

... and their respective projects supported by the grants include: Rita Bortell, PhD, associate professor of medicineThe role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in immune cell functions and during pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes Stephen J. Doxsey, PhD, professor of molecular medicine, ...

A new molecular zip code, and a new drug target for Huntington's disease

... all cells, yet its function was unknown. It appears that huntingtin is crucial for a brain cells response to stress, and moves from the endoplasmic reticulum into the nucleus, the control centre of the cell. When mutant huntingtin is expressed however, it enters the nucleus as it should in response to ...

Unfolded Proteins May Protect Cells from Dying

... found that only cells that had endoplasmic reticulum stress, not cytoplasmic stress, made the ... response of the cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum proteins together,' says Steller. 'Though we are ... protein response is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm.' Using the tools that ...

Why Don’t All Moles Progress to Melanoma

... or ER. “Our results support the direct role of the endoplasmic reticulum as an important gatekeeper of tumor control,” says Soengas, who is an ... in the October issue of Nature Cell Biology. The endoplasmic reticulum is the cell’s protein production factory. The process begins when chains ...

New Antidotes may Harbour Treatments for Deadliest Poisons

... strains of E. coli bacteria, these toxins travel backwards through a cell's protein-making pathway, passing through the Golgi network and endoplasmic reticulum before interrupting protein synthesis. A team of researchers led by Jose Saenz screened 14,400 small molecules for compounds that could halt ...

Role of Protein in the Development of Prostate Cancer Identified

... plasma membrane TRPM8 (PM-TRPM8) and that prostate cancer cells possessed higher PM-TRPM8 levels than normal cells. However, endoplasmic reticulum TRPM8 (ER-TRPM8) retained its function as a calcium release channel, independent of the differentiation state of the cell, and may be an important ...

Scientists Make World Breakthrough

... and Biomedical Science, have discovered that a highly potent bacterial toxin kills cells by inactivating an essential component in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The latter is part of the cell that is essential for packaging newly-synthesized proteins. The toxin, called subtilase cytotoxin, is ...

Genetic susceptibility in viral encephalitis

... infectious diseases also. In the study, scientists focused on blood cells from two French children with a deficiency for UNC-93B, an endoplasmic reticulum protein involved in the recognition of pathogens. When infected with herpes simplex virus-1, the UNC-93B-deficient cells were unable to produce ...

"Miracle" Cancer Drug Gleevec Can be Toxic to the Heart

... researchers attempted to find the biological pathways involved in causing heart cells to die. They found that Gleevec appears to cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is initially a protective response by the cell, but if sustained, leads to cell death. They also found that treating mice heart cells ...

Sepsis risk increased due to the absence of one key enzyme

... is normally essential for bacterial clearance and sepsis survival." While caspase-12 was previously thought to be a key mediator of endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis, the new study found that the presence or absence of caspase-12 had no effect on apoptotic sensitivity whatsoever. It could have great ...

Defect In Cardiac Cells Lead To Heart Failures

... contractile machinery, which causes the cell, and the heart as a whole, to contract. This calcium storage site is known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and it resembles a convoluted, flattened sack within the cell. The delicate, membrane-bound walls of the SR are penetrated with thousands of ...