Nuclei in Medical News

Extreme makeover: Stanford scientists explore new way to change cell's identity

... called heterokaryons. In heterokaryons, the nuclei of each cell type remains distinct, and the ... cell type. They found that if the muscle cell nuclei outnumbered the skin cell nuclei, the skin nuclei began to express muscle-specific genes within a ...

Better MRI scans of cancers made possible by TU Delft

... It is ultimately the behaviour of the hydrogen nuclei in the water molecules that makes MRI possible ... lanthanide chelate on the neighbouring hydrogen nuclei (the so-called water exchange) and the more hydrogen nuclei affected, the better the MRI signal obtained. ...

Youngest patient worldwide to have auditory implant in the brain stem

... (outer, middle and inner ear) with the cochlear nuclei located in the brain stem, one of the centres of ... consists of directly stimulating the cochlear nuclei and the operation involves implanting electrodes ... a plate of electrodes into the cochlear nuclei of the child. In order to place these electrodes ...

How red blood cells nuke their nuclei

... reptiles, and birds, have red cells that contain nuclei that are inactive. Losing the nucleus enables the ... Rac 1 and Rac 2 were involved in disposing the nuclei of red blood cells, says Peng Ji, lead author and ... divided four or five times before losing their nuclei and becoming immature red blood cells. The ...

Argonne's Blue Gene/P to host large cadre of INCITE researchers

... and reaction properties of light- and medium-mass nuclei into the iron region from the complex two- and ... process by which a mature star creates carbon-12 nuclei from helium-4 nuclei and the structure of ...

New insight into factors that drive muscle-building stem cells

... made up of individual myofibers, each with many nuclei containing genetic material. As muscles are made ... to maintain an equilibrium between the number of nuclei and the fibers overall volume. Because mature myofibers are incapable of cell division, new nuclei must be supplied by satellite cells (muscle stem ...

Scientists Make Clones of Mice Dead 16 Years

... frozen at minus 20 degrees Celsius for up to 16 years and transferred the nuclei (containing the genetic material) to empty egg cells. These two-cell ... mice, which grew into normal adults. The technique did not require nuclei from an intact donor cell. The cloning efficiency was about the same as ...

Elaborate Network Drives When and Where Proteins Are Made

... Study finds molecules convey genetic instructions from nuclei to fulfill different roles TUESDAY, Oct. 28 (HealthDay News) ... proteins guide molecules carrying genetic instructions from a cell's nuclei to many other locations within the cell where the instructions are carried ...

Soy compound may halt spread of prostate cancer

... then examined tissue in the animals, measuring the size of tumor cells nuclei to determine if the cells had flattened out in order to spread. Within a ... cells stop, so one way to measure adherence is to look at the size of the nuclei in cells and see if they are wider due to cell spread, Bergan said. And ...

Stemedica Discovers Significant Breakthrough in the Use of Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factors for the Treatment of Retinal Degeneration

... compared to non-treated (normally dystrophic) control animal. 2. The RPE and NSC cells were effective in preserving the thickness of the outer nuclei layer of the retina. 3. A contra lateral effect was observed between the test and control eyes. As a result, both eyes exhibited significant ...

An adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in gastric cancer therapy

... transmission electron microscope. Apoptosis was also quantified by two methods: the detection of acridine orange/ethidium bromide-stained condensed nuclei by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated by immunostaining. After 24h of being treated ...

Scientists uncover secrets of potential bioterror virus

... NSs. The protein was already known to be a major factor in making Rift Valley fever more virulent; earlier research had shown that it penetrated cell nuclei and disrupted the coding of RNA messages, including those ordering the production of the antiviral protein interferon beta. "We didn't know what ...

Internationally Acclaimed Researcher Joins UH Faculty

... potential," he said. Gustafsson is revered worldwide for his translational research on nuclear receptors, a class of proteins found in cell nuclei that capture hormone molecules and interact with and control the expression of genes. Research in this field is vital in developing treatments for ...

Osteoporosis Drug Prompts Increase in Certain Bone Cells

... These women also had "giant" osteoclasts -- single cells fused together -- with as many as 40 nuclei. Normally, one would see only seven or eight nuclei in one grouping, the study authors said. At this point, it's unclear what these findings mean in the "real world." "Seven or eight cells fused ...

A new light on the anti-tumor mechanisms of Scutellaria barbata

... Flow cytometry assay also showed ESB had positive effect on apoptosis. Typical apoptotic morphology such as condensation and fragmentation of nuclei and blebbing membrane of the apoptotic cells could be observed through transmission electron microscope and fluorescence microscope. Further ...

Scientists at CSHL uncover new RNA processing mechanism and a new class of small RNAs

... Spector says, is intriguing in part because MALAT1 is known to be a good marker of cancer progression: it is found at abnormally high levels in the nuclei of cancer cells with a propensity to become metastatic. One new RNA molecule; more to come? The discovery of the cytoplasmic small RNA ...

Protein compels ovarian cancer cells to cannibalize themselves

... of cells compared with a control group of cells that still had the protein. In apoptosis, defective cells die from self-induced damage to their nuclei and DNA complex. Autophagy kills when a cell entraps parts of its cytoplasm in membranes and digests the contents, leaving a cavity. When this goes ...

Computers make sense of experiments on human disease

... of nicotine addiction is a hotly debated field. In particular, there are two contending views on how neurons and their connections in subcortical nuclei are affected by nicotine. This computer model allows us to reconcile the apparently contradictory results obtained from in vitro and in vivo ...

Cancer research highlights

... assuring that the prescribed energy is delivered at right location. Since high energy protons and photons induce gamma rays via interaction with nuclei in the human body by imaging the gamma rays, one could see the location and measure the amount of energy delivered during treatment. Unfortunately, ...

Self-assembled viruses

... able to attach hydrophobic (water repellant) moleculesfor demonstration purposes a dyeto the artificial viruses. The dye was transported into the nuclei of tumor cells. This result is particularly interesting because the nucleus is the target for many important antitumor agents. ...

'Intrabody' can mop up mutant protein in Huntington's disease model

... brain cells. Li says scientists who work on Huntington's have been studying where inside the cell the clumps have their toxic effect: brain cells' nuclei or in their axons and dendrites. "Our goal here was to create a tool that could distinguish between the accumulation of mutant proteins in the ...

Virtual biopsy can tell whether colon polyp is benign without removal, Mayo researchers say

... the two. (The status of the polyps was later verified by pathologists.) Among other things, they looked at changes in cell color and size, how nuclei within the cells looked, and whether cells were crowed within tissue, or fused. They then, without knowledge of the pathologists diagnosis, used ...

Cell Fusions During Inflammation May Protect Neurons

... to the brain and fuse with a certain type of neuron 100 times more frequently than previously thought. After this fusion occurs, the blood-cell nuclei start to express previously silent, neuron-specific genes. This surprise finding suggests that the creation of these fused cells (heterokaryons) ...

Penn researchers discover 'modus operandi' of heart muscle protein

... localization of Lmod in heart cells is critical, because even moderately elevated levels promote the formation of abnormal actin bundles in the nuclei of cardiac muscle cells where actin does not belong. A similar disorganization of actin bundles is characteristic of a disease of skeletal muscle ...

'NMR on a chip' features NIST magnetic mini-sensor

... to find new drugs. As described in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS),* the NMR chip detected magnetic signals from atomic nuclei in tap water flowing through a custom silicon chip that juxtaposes a tiny fluid channel and the NIST sensor. The Berkeley group recently co-developed ...

A taxing issue: How human T-lymphotropic virus

... Tax could cause a drop in the levels of histone transcript in uninfected cells. Histone proteins are required for the packaging of DNA in cell nuclei and are involved in many key processes associated with DNA, including transcription, repair and replication. The authors suggest that Tax uncouples ...

Proton-powered pooping

... Jorgensen, Davis, graduate student Paola Nix and postdoctoral researcher Glen Ernstrom. A Discovery from Constipated Worms Atoms are made of nuclei that contain positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, orbited by negatively charged electrons. So protons are among the smallest components ...

Experimental technique at GUMC offers real-time analysis of breast cancer biopsies

... idea behind this is that certain structures in the cell will look different based on the pattern of light reflectance, Tilli said. To highlight the nuclei in the cell, the researchers douse the tissue in a 5 percent solution of acetic acid, the major component in vinegar. The acid condenses DNA in the ...

Area deep within the brain found to play role in sensory perception

... function and the fact that lesions that occur in this region tend to be larger and therefore affect more than one nucleus of the thalamus. Thalamic nuclei are dense clumps of nerve cells found where the fibers from sensory systems terminate in the thalamus. Led by Tony Ro, of Rice University in ...

Insight Into Tanning Process Suggests Novel Way to Prevent Skin Cancer

... have theorized that tanning occurs when ultraviolet radiation strikes the nuclei of melanocytes, causing DNA damage that prompts the melanocytes to produce ... The experiments demonstrated that, rather than acting directly on the nuclei of melanocytes, UV radiation acts on keratinocytes (the most abundant as ...

Mature Muscle Fibers Can Revert to Become Cancerous

... surround or form them. The question arose partly because of the number of nuclei found in each cell. The tumor cells each have a single nucleus, while developed muscle tissue contains many nuclei – up to several hundred. The muscle cells are surrounded by satellite ...

Cancer Affects Mature Muscle Fibers

... surround or form them. The question arose partly because of the number of nuclei found in each cell. The tumor cells each have a single nucleus, while developed muscle tissue contains many nuclei – up to several hundred. The muscle cells are surrounded by satellite ...

Scientists Unravel the Mystery behind Calbindin-D28K Protein

... magnetic pull – radio waves are bounced off the approximately 5,000 nuclei in the protein. ‘When you hit a nucleus with a radiofrequency pulse, ... noise, like a tuning fork,’ Cavanagh says. ‘The frequency at which the nuclei resonate after being hit with a pulse is very specific to their specific ...

Radiology advance points way to non-invasive brain cancer treatment

... while gadolinium is opaque. Then, where gadolinium is localized—in the nuclei of the cancer cells only—the “photoelectric effect" takes place. ... range of action. Therefore, gadolinium atoms must be localized in the nuclei of cancer cells to induce DNA damage that the cancer cells cannot repair, ...

New Clues for Treatment of Disease That Causes Accelerated Aging

... guide molecule. When lead author Casey Moulson, Ph.D., research instructor in medicine, dosed cells from one of the infants with this drug, the cell nuclei visibly improved. "If this adds to the impetus for trials of these new drugs, then we may yet be able to bring some good from the tragic ...

New Clues for Treatment of Disease That Causes Accelerated Aging

... guide molecule. When lead author Casey Moulson, Ph.D., research instructor in medicine, dosed cells from one of the infants with this drug, the cell nuclei visibly improved. "If this adds to the impetus for trials of these new drugs, then we may yet be able to bring some good from the tragic deaths ...

Inflammation Promotes Metastasis of Prostate Cancer

... between IKKa activation and Maspin production was detected, such that advanced prostate cancer cells contain high amounts of activated IKKa in their nuclei and express little or no Maspin," said Karin. He noted that a perfect correlation between nuclear accumulation of activated IKKa and reduced ...

Inflammation May Play Role in Metastasis of Prostate Cancer

... activation and Maspin production was detected, such that advanced prostate cancer cells contain high amounts of activated IKKα in their nuclei and express little or no Maspin,' said Karin. He noted that a perfect correlation between nuclear accumulation of activated IKKα and reduced ...

Cloning From Mice Hair Follicle Stem Cell

... in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. According to this finding, nuclear transfer can happen by using the nuclei of adult mouse hair follicle stem cells. Mice can be cloned from hybrid cells which is nothing but the nucleus of an adult skin stem cell and a ...