Neuron in Medical News

Famous Names Get Single Neurons Fired Up

... News) -- As you read her name, your Oprah neuron will probably rev up. An international team of ... experiment, Quiroga and his colleagues observed neuron activity in subjects while they looked at three ... to an electronic voice saying "Oprah." A single neuron activated in the hippocampus during the Oprah ...

St. Jude Scientists Discover a New Mechanism Controlling Neuronal Migration

... findings in the July 16 issue of the journal neuron . In the experiments, the researchers ... pulls the internal cell structures of the neuron forward during migration to allow those structures to build the scaffolding that enables the neuron to move the main cell body forward. The ...

Why Huntington's Shows Up in Midlife

... more and transporting more proteins in each neuron than you need," co-principal investigator Scott ... university. "But as you get older and older, the neuron produces and transports less. Each hit diminishes the system further. Eventually, the neuron falls below the threshold needed to maintain cell ...

Membrane fusion at the synapse: Janus faced synaptotagmin-1 helps to keep the fast pace

... fast neurotransmitter release. When the neuron is in a pre-synapse phase, it explodes in ... Transferring neurotransmitters from one neuron to another requires the fusion of the vesicle's ... the sending site, the electrical activity of the neuron needs to be rapidly converted into a chemical ...

Key to treating cancer may be finding its original cell

... the effects of shutting off patched in granule neuron precursors (GNPs), which can only make one ... cerebellum. When they deleted patched in the neuron precursors, 100 percent of the mice developed ... medulloblastoma can be triggered in a granule neuron precursor or a stem cell. But even more ...

Dr. Mei honored by mental health research charity for schizophrenia studies

... laid wrong. Dr. Meis research shows problems in neuron communication, likely also are to blame. Its a ... and, ultimately if the resulting signal the neuron sends is determined by neuregulin-1. His work ... probably does have a powerful role in determining neuron talk. Dr. Mei exemplifies the kind of ...

Study breaks ground in revealing how neurons generate movement

... understanding has been that one class of neuron is responsible for one movement, such as ... difficulties inherent in studying more than one neuron in action at a time during the course of a ... key pieces of information -- first, that when a neuron responds to a stimulus there is always a slight ...

Dr. Mei receives 2008 Mathilde Solowey Lecture Award in Neurosciences

... a target cell such as a muscle cell back to the neuron is critical to neuron health and development. His research showed that ... fail to produce the protein beta-catenin, the neuron that should control that muscle cell doesnt ...

Scientists shed light on long-distance signaling in developing neurons

... their destinations detect NGF which 'says' to the neuron 'No, you've made it, you can survive.' In these rarer cases, the neuron lives to become part of the nervous system." ... gene expression that ensures that the developing neuron will survive," Dr. Jaffrey says. This was ...

2-way cell talk provides clues about neuromuscular disease

... fails to produce the protein beta-catenin, its neuron doesnt develop or function properly. Their ... communication from the target cell back to the neuron is essential, says Dr. Lin Mei, corresponding ... Previously, we thought signals flow mainly from neuron to muscle. This shows they can be produced from ...

Novel imaging technique shows gray matter increase in brains of autistic children

... be the result of an abnormally functioning mirror neuron system, said lead author Manzar Ashtari, Ph.D., ... of the parietal lobes implicated in the mirror neuron system. The study included 13 male patients ... gray matter abnormalities linked to the mirror neuron system, the results of this study revealed that ...

Novel Imaging Technique Shows Gray Matter Increase in Brains of Autistic Children

... be the result of an abnormally functioning mirror neuron system," said lead author Manzar Ashtari, Ph.D., ... of the parietal lobes implicated in the mirror neuron system. The study included 13 male patients ... in key brain regions linked to the mirror neuron system. -- Mirror neurons are brain cells ...

MIT: Stem-cell therapies for brain more complicated than thought

... Without this special set of instructions, a young neuron will only connect with the partners for which it ... committed to produce only one type of neuron with a pre-set pattern of connections. This means ... will know what to do and will become the type of neuron that is missing. It seems that is not the case at ...

Live recordings of cell communication

... and mental disorders like e.g. depression. Nerve signals travel from one neuron to another through vesicles - a nano-sized container loaded with ... neurotransmitters into the surroundings that are detected by the next neuron in line. However, we still lack a more detailed understanding of how the ...

Gene's novel role may provide key to treating liver and neurodegenerative diseases

... Huo and Xu, there is also significant existing evidence that FAIM prevents neuron death and promotes neural outgrowth. They hypothesize that FAIM might play a role in neuron protection, making it a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative ...

17 of America's Most Promising Scientists Selected as 2009 Pew Scholars in the Biomedical Sciences

... The Pen n sy l va n ia S t at e U n i ver s i t y neuron degeneration C harle s G . Mu l l i gha n , M . D ... Mia m i, M i l l er Scho o l of M e di c ine neuron protection and repair mechanisms For full biographies and information ...

2 NYU scientists named Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Early Career Scientists

... produce proteins called Hox factors, may help scientists restore motor neuron function in people whose spinal cords have been damaged by trauma or ... Hox proteins in interneurons and sensory neurons, which control motor neuron firing patterns and transmit feedback about muscle action, help assemble ...

Two NYU Scientists Named Howard Hughes Medical Institute's early career scientists

... produce proteins called Hox factors, may help scientists restore motor neuron function in people whose spinal cords have been damaged by trauma or ... Hox proteins in interneurons and sensory neurons, which control motor neuron firing patterns and transmit feedback about muscle action, help assemble ...

Mechanism of Alzheimer's suggests combination therapy needed

... of synaptic activity, a gradual dying back of the neurons, and eventual neuron death -- exactly the pattern of Alzheimer's disease progression," Brady ... work, the researchers showed that tau tangles halt transport to the neuron periphery through other regulatory enzymes by causing the motor protein to ...

Foundation Kicks off First-Ever PLS Awareness Month

... asked for a better partner in Washington." PLS is a disabling motor neuron disease and one for which the cause is not known and treatments are not ... I join the SPF and individuals and families with PLS and related motor neuron disorders in thanking Rep. Baca for his efforts to raise public awareness ...

Weizmann Institute scientists create working artificial nerve networks

... with the linear set-up, the group found that varying the width of the neuron stripe affected how well it would send signals. Nerve cells in the brain ... the team created was slightly more complex: Triangles fashioned from the neuron stripes were lined up in a row, point to rib, in a way that forced the ...

Bling Makes Your Brain Sing

... In the new study, published in the Dec. 26 issue of the journal neuron , Serences scanned the brains of 14 college students using fMRI ... assistant professor, University of California, San Diego; Dec. 26, 2008, neuron ...

Scientists ID Enzyme Causing Brain Cell Death

... neurons. The finding that HDAC1 is a molecular link between aberrant neuron cell-cycle activity and DNA damage suggests that the enzyme may be a ... a school news release. The study was published in the Dec. 11 issue of neuron . More information The U.S. National Institute on Aging has more ...

Time Teaches Brain to Recognize Objects

... within the visual field. "We first identified an object that an IT neuron preferred, such as a sailboat, and another, less preferred object, maybe a ... After a while, the monkeys' IT neurons became confused. The sailboat neuron still preferred sailboats at all locations, except at the place where the ...

Childhood brain tumor traced to normal stem cells gone bad

... question for the investigators is why these cells, known as granule neuron precursors, seem to be uniquely vulnerable to the tumor-triggering effects ... Explained Rowitch: "There must be susceptibility factors in the granule neuron precursor cell that predispose it to forming cancer, so we now must try to ...

Scientists Turn Skin Cells Into Motor Neurons in ALS Patients

... a co-author on the paper and co-director of the Center for Motor neuron Biology and Disease at Columbia University. "Because the disease process ... pathology, neurology and neuroscience, co-director, Center for Motor neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, and senior scientific advisor, ...

Possible Cause of Postpartum Depression Pinpointed

... disease," he said. The results were published in the July 31 issue of neuron . The protein at the heart of this study, the GABA receptor (type A), ... Pacific Behavioral Research Foundation, Carmel, Calif.; July 31, 2008, neuron ...

Research Finds Causal Link Between Ending Drinking, Depression

... brain to produce new neurons, a process called neurogenesis. This lack of neuron production occurred in the hippocampus, an area critical for learning and memory. Recent studies have also shown neuron development in the hippocampus may regulate mood, Hodge said. "Thus, ...

Calcium may be the key to understanding Alzheimer's disease

... disease therapies." The study appeared in the June 26 issue of neuron . Alzheimer's disease affects as many as 5 million Americans, 5 percent ... been invoked to explain the cause of Alzheimer's" says Foskett. In the neuron study, cells that carried the disease-causing mutated form of PS1 showed ...

Study uncovers how Ritalin works in brain to boost cognition, focus attention

... Much like tiny microphones, the electrodes record a pop every time a neuron fires, Devilbiss explains. Analyzing the complex patterns of "voices" that ... doses of Ritalin that couldn't have been predicted from single neuron analyses," he says. "So, if you're searching for drugs that might replace ...

Neuroscientists show insulin receptor signaling regulates structure of brain circuits

... CSHL Professor Hollis Cline, Ph.D., and reported this week in the journal neuron . These experiments, in Xenopus tadpoles, show that insulin receptor ... branch-like structures that receive chemical signals sent from one neuron to the next. Again, they found that when insulin receptors are engaged and ...

Lou Gehrig's protein found throughout brain, suggesting effects beyond motor neurons

... appreciated and treatments need to take into account more than motor neuron areas. Their article appeared in last month's issue of the Archives of ... if you want to wiggle your big toe, the signal travels from the motor neuron in the cortex at the top of your head to a synapse on the lower spinal ...

Possession Is Nine-Tenths the Perceived Value

... losing a possession." The finding is published in the June 12 issue of neuron . The authors said that the observation that "loss aversion" is the key ... University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; June 12, 2008, neuron ...

Money, Praise Similarly Activate Brain's Reward Center

... in a similar fashion. The study, published in the April 24 issue of neuron , is consistent with a long-held social psychological theory that people ... the researchers wrote. In a commentary appearing in the same issue of neuron , authors Rebecca Saxe and Johannes Haushofer said the finding explains ...

Researchers Define Mechanism of Methamphetamine Addiction

... The findings, which were published in the April 10 issue of the journal neuron , could help lead to more effective treatments for addiction to ... drugs. In a preview of the research article in the same issue of neuron , Jeremy Day and Regina Carelli suggested that methamphetamine's effects ...

Researchers identify a gene responsible for cases of Lou Gehrig's disease

... of several mouse and rat models of ALS that closely resemble the motor neuron disorder observed in ALS patients. These models have been very useful to ... of ALS patients. However, it was not certain whether TDP-43 causes motor neuron disease or is just a pathological marker. The identification of ...

Researchers identify a gene responsible for Lou Gehrig's disease

... of several mouse and rat models of ALS that closely resemble the motor neuron disorder observed in ALS patients. These models have been very useful to ... of ALS patients. However, it was not certain whether TDP-43 causes motor neuron disease or is just a pathological marker. The identification of ...

Fattening Foods May Have More Than Good Flavor in Their Corner

... at Duke University reported their findings in the March 27 issue of neuron . De Araujo was at Duke when the research was conducted. The "reward ... Brooklyn College of City University of New York; March 27, 2008, neuron ...

Possible Reason for Rimonabant's Side Effects Discovered

... in Rhode Island. The report was published in the March 13 issue of neuron . In experiments with rat brains, Kauer's group found that TRPV1 ... medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; March 13, 2008, neuron ...

Scientists explore consciousness

... firing rate only when the pictures were recognized. For example, a neuron in the hippocampus of one patient fired very strongly to a picture of the ... when recognized and remained completely silent when it was not, another neuron behaved in the same manner with pictures of the World Trade Centre, etc. ...