Extinction in Medical News

Rutgers research identifies brain cells related to fear

... studies have demonstrated, however, that extinction training does not completely abolish the initial ... presented in a context other than the one where extinction training took place. For example, suppose a rat is trained for extinction in a grey box smelling of roses, and later hears ...

MIT's McGovern Institute honors Emory neuroscientist for contributions to psychiatry

... such as fearful memories eventually disappear. extinction is not merely the gradual decay of memory. Instead, Davis has shown that extinction involves an active process that, like the ... Understanding the balance between acquisition and extinction of fearful memories is of great importance for ...

Very young found to process fear memories in unique way

... concluded that the age at which the initial extinction training occurred was critical to whether or not ... could still exist and be called on again. extinction in the young brain might forever erase early ... brain develops is where and how fear learning and extinction are stored and how they can be retrieved. ...

Corals added to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species for first time

... that marine species are not as vulnerable to extinction as land-based species, said Roger McManus, CIs ... are likely to be listed as threatened with extinction when more detailed information becomes available. ... 20,000 marine species to determine their risk of extinction according to the IUCN Red List Categories and ...

Treating addiction by eliminating drug-associated memories

... environment during subsequent tests." This is a process called extinction learning, whereby the compound helps the brain to create new associations ... mGluR5 agonists [like CDPPD] might play a role in the treatment of the extinction of other forms of maladaptive learning, such as the traumatic memories ...

Ecstasy could help patients with post-traumatic stress disorder

... the appropriate response to the trigger situation, a process known as extinction learning. But this approach can take some time, and 40% of patients ... for PTSD relies. But, caution the authors, while these compounds enhance extinction learning they may also temporarily increase anxiety in people with PTSD ...

Cocaine addiction linked to voluntary drug use and cellular memory, UCSF study shows

... of rats in the active group also underwent behavioral extinction. In extinction training, depression of the lever was no longer accompanied by cocaine ... behavior, LTP remained just as high as in rats that had not received the extinction training, indicating that the cellular memory produced by cocaine-seeking ...

Cancer Endangers Some Wildlife Species

... , noted that cancer threatens the survival of some species, including the Tasmanian devil. The world's largest marsupial carnivore is at risk of extinction due to a contagious cancer called Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease. In an effort to save the species, cancer-free Tasmanian devils are being ...

Wildlife faces cancer threat

... In certain situations, cancer threatens the survival of entire species. The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to a cancer known as devil facial tumor disease. This form of contagious cancer spreads between individual Tasmanian devils through direct ...

Inbreeding May Have Doomed Spain's Habsburg Dynasty

... to oblivion via infertility, scientists report in a research paper released last month. "Inbreeding was a major cause responsible for the extinction of this dynasty" and also contributed to the deaths of many Habsburg children, said study co-author Francisco C. Ceballos, a researcher at the ...

Bed Bug Infestation an Epidemic; Bugs Found in Cell Phone, TVs and Keyboards

... after spring break is over this year," he says. Frequent international travel and hotel stays have helped bed bugs to make a comeback after near extinction in the U.S. The bugs find their way into suitcases and end up being carried home here to the States. Another reason bed bugs are back with a ...

Ten new amphibian species discovered in Colombia

... "Without a doubt this region is a true Noah's Ark. The high number of new amphibian species found is a sign of hope, even with the serious threat of extinction that this animal group faces in many other regions of the country and the world," said Jose Vicente Rodriguez-Mahecha, Scientific Director of ...

Chemical come-on successfully lures lovesick lampreys to traps

... only one of seven fish attacked by a sea lamprey will survive. A sea lamprey can kill 40 or more pounds of fish, and they've caused the extinction of three species of whitefish in the Great Lakes. The U.S. and Canadian governments together spend about $10 million to $15 million per year on ...

HIV Outbreak Began Decades Earlier Than Thought

... and associated high-risk behaviors may have been a principal cause of the rapid spread of the virus. Worobey is optimistic about the eventual extinction of the HIV virus. "I think the picture that has emerged here, where changes the human population experienced may have opened the door to the ...

Study offers new insights into teenagers and anxiety disorders

... without the loud noise. They found an increase in sweat gland activity during the conditioning phase in anxiety-disordered children, and less extinction of this response in the at-risk children to cues that signaled the loud noise and also cues that did not signal the loud noise. These findings ...

Rat study suggests why teens get hooked on cocaine more easily than adults

... rats required around 75 percent more trials to extinguish a preference for the place where they were given the drug. After each rats last extinction trial, the researchers waited 24 hours, injected a low 5 mg/kg priming dose of cocaine, and put it back in the apparatus to test for place ....

Fish devastated by sex-changing chemicals in municipal wastewater

... to recreate concentrations measured in municipal wastewater. During that period, they observed that chronic exposure to estrogen led to the near extinction of the lakes fathead minnow population as well significant declines in larger fish, such as pearl dace and lake trout. Generally, the smaller the ...

First Drug for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

... that change proteins) called Cdk5 facilitates the extinction of fear learned in a particular context. ... "Remarkably, inhibiting Cdk5 facilitated extinction of learned fear in mice. This data points to a ... but the molecular mechanisms underlying the extinction process are not well understood. However, ...

Extinction Risk of Grazing Animals Depends on Reproductive Speed

... and living in a limited geographic area does pose significant risks for extinction of a species, but under pressures of hunting, it's reproductive speed with ... really matters; the slower the reproductive cycle, the higher the risk of extinction for large grazing animals, said evolutionary biologist Samantha Price, a ...

One-sixth of Europe's Mammals Face Extinction, Warns Conservation Experts

... to the IUCN's criteria. This means that they face a "high risk of extinction in the wild" if action is not taken, reports the Nature magazine. ... are some success stories. The Alpine ibex, which was hunted almost to extinction during the nineteenth century, has now rebounded to number more than ...

Protecting Oceans is Important to Keeping Planet Cool

... to an IUCN estimate. An example of an area threatened with virtual extinction is the Republic of Maldives, a chain of 26 atolls about 700 km southwest ... of its islands are no more than one metre above sea level, and face total extinction within 100 years at the current rate of ice melt that is raising sea ...

Pre-Clinical Study Suggests How Steroid Can Reverse Post-Traumatic Stress

... or human is exposed to or relives an aversive scenario, a process called extinction creates a competing memory.” “We’re not erasing memories,” said Dr. ... studies show that glucocorticoids work specifically to enhance the extinction of fear memory, as opposed to other mechanisms affecting recall, such as ...

Will The Tropical Forests Survive The Deforestation Scenario?

... the growing needs// of the human population. This has resulted in complete extinction of the forest species. Humans in rural settings contribute most to ... are the two main reasons that accelerate deforestation and result in mass extinction of the tropical forest species says S.J. Wright, Smithsonian Tropical ...

Oceans May Turn More Acidic and Threaten Marine Life

... take millions of years. Ocean acidification has the potential to cause extinction of many marine species." The oceans had been subject to drastic ... with the time the dinosaurs went extinct. The pattern that caused the extinction in the ocean was found to be around the same time when ocean acidification ...

Size and Position of Floral Anther Plays a Vital Role in Pollination

... Scientists are beginning to understand just how intimate and important these interactions are, as both plants and pollinators are threatened by extinction due to habitat loss and pollution from human activities. The recent alarm over the collapse of honeybee colonies has underscored the ...

Tuberculosis Drug Increases OCD Therapy Progress

... a tuberculosis drug D-Cycloserine, may help people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by enhancing progress of therapy sessions by accelerating extinction learning. The researchers are also working to see whether the drug helps people who want to quit smoking. The study was conducted ...

Nemcova Turns Veggie to Save Fish

... vegetarian to help save the lives of fish. The 28-year-old gave up meat and dairy products in February after reading an article about the extinction of fishes. "I read that if we fish the way we fish, in 2048 there will be no more fish left, which is pretty soon. So it's a statement," ...

Climate Change Threatening to Wipe Out Wild Relatives of Key Crops

... to be more pronounced in some species than in others but that, in general, all three groups of species would suffer. Jarvis further said the extinction of crop wild relatives threatened food production as they contained genes for traits such as pest resistance and drought tolerance, which plant ...

Madhya Pradesh Gets Tough on Sex Determination Tests

... of Morena, there are as few as 400 to 700 females for every 1,000 males. "If conditions do not improve, girls will be on the brink of extinction at these places," said another official, pointing out that the state's ratio (920 girls per 1,000 boys) was far below the national ratio of 933 girls ...

PM Stress the Need to Protect Health of Children

... "Global warming threatens famines, floods, epidemics and ecological disarray that will severely compromise human health and may even lead to extinction of life on this planet. There are also a growing number of conflicts and terrorist attacks that threaten the peace and well-being of people in many ...

Strong Evidence Suggests Incidence Of Mating Of Ancestors With Neanderthals

... may not be all about unprompted mutations that occurred on the spur of a moment but because of interbreeding with related species on the verge of extinction that resulted in the introduction of variant genes called alleles which has remarkably contributed to successful evolution of humans. Many other ...

Test Tube Koalas !

... can be made use of in genetic management and animal welfare. Though,the koala is not among endangered species, it is listed as vulnerable to extinction in two Australian states, Queensland and New South Wales. The programme next aims to create the world's first koala sperm bank and this would ...

PHC Doctors Tricked Tribal Women To Undergo Sterilization

... with money to undergo the operation. Shoba belongs to the Mal Pahari community, one of the nine primitive tribes of the state facing an extinction threat. When Shoba's husband Umesh Pujhar came to know about it, he informed government officials and social organisations. "My wife ...

Neanderthals Vs. Early Modern Humans

... Anthropology, comes up with a different conclusion for their disappearance. It said that they shared similar hunting behavior but what led to their extinction was attributed to the nature’s process of evolution. it is said that individual set of population has its own distinct ability to acquire and ...

Earth Will Feel The Impact Of Global Warming

... Thermal Maximum (PETM), emerged in less than 5,000 years and set in motion a host of important changes around the globe, including a mass extinction of deep-sea bottom-dwelling marine life. Fossil records indicate key migrations of terrestrial mammal species during this time-including ...

Poisonous Gas Caused Mass Extinction

... The largest ever mass extinction on earth may have been triggered by poisonous volcanic gas which erupted in Siberia 250 million years ago // , according to a new research. This must ...

Fear Factor Found To Be Crucial In Shaping An Individual’s Personalit

... outgoing personality. The study is the first of it’s kind to have established a definitive link between brain activity and structure, fear extinction and personality traits. Since earlier research has associated levels of extraversion and neuroticism – over sensitivity and emotional instability – ...