adaptive

Thyroid hormone treatment hastens recovery after cardiac surgery

...trations plummet. Many experts thought this was an adaptive response by the body to minimize metabolic demands during a time of crisis and that the best response was to do nothing. But there was never any proof of this, and researchers have suggested in recent years that transient hypothyroidism can be da...

New clues about immune system from leprosy microbes

..., helps in causing a second immune response called adaptive immunity. When infected with two kinds of leprosy bacteria, the first bacteria was attacked and killed by both the sets of immune cells that formed as soon as the bacteria was detected by the immune cells. For the stronger form of leprosy bacteria, ...

Suicidal Tendencies May Be Treated With Cognitive Therapy

...nd beliefs and participants were helped to develop adaptive ways of coping with stressors. Usual care included outpatient therapy and medication. From baseline to the 18-month assessment, 13 participants (24.1 percent) in the cognitive therapy group and 23 participants (41.6 percent) in the usual care group...

New contact lens materials

... researchers noted for the first time a remarkable adaptive recovery after six months with all soft lenses, with a decrease in bacterial binding to the corneal surface. Lastly, 30-night wear produced no significant increases in bacteria binding after one year. An unexpected finding of the study was that rig...

Seeing Is Believing Does Not Hold Good For Color Perception

...e researchers have exploited a technology known as adaptive optics that was originally used by astronomers. This laser-based system maps out the topography of the inner eye in exquisite detail that would not have been possible otherwise. The pigment that allows each cone in the human eye to react to differe...

Biopsies Of Human Skin And Bone Marrow Support T Cell Development

...-MHC//. T cells play a central role in the human adaptive immune system, discriminating self from non-self, directing less specific elements of the immune system in the performance of effector functions, and serving as a repository for immunologic memory. The ability to generate T cells suitable for use i...

Immunosuppressive Action Of Fungal Metabolite - Gliotoxin

...host defense and are important both for innate and adaptive immunity, and so, these findings suggest that suppression of mast cell activation might contribute to the establishment of infections for the pathogenic gliotoxin-producing fungi. Since recent studies show that mast cell plays a crucial role in the f...

Heart damage a consequence of Atkins’ Die

...d short term piece of work. The body is remarkably adaptive and what we don't know is whether our hearts would have gradually returned to normal had we stuck to the diet long-term." Daily Mail.co.uk quotes Professor Peter Weissberg, medical director at the British Heart Foundation, which funded the study, as...

New Generation Clinical Trials Could Save Time And Money, Improve Patient Care

...acteristic makes it possible for medicine to build adaptive designs in clinical trials. Berry argues that the Bayesian approach is better for doctors, patients who participate in clinical trials and for patients who are waiting for new treatments to become available. Doctors want to be able to design tr...

Early Man Was A Prey Rather Than A Predator

... agree that predation pressure is one of the major adaptive reasons for this group living. In this way there are more eyes and ears to locate the predators and more individuals to mob them if attacked or to confuse them by scattering. There are a number of reasons that living in groups is beneficial for anima...

Want To Retain Your Memory? Believe That You Can Do So!

...ion, the more likely you will be to use effort and adaptive strategies and to allocate resources effectively, and the less you will worry about forgetting,' concluded Margie Lachman, Professor of Psychology, Brandeis University. ...

Lesbian Sues Doctors

...gy expenditure, food intake, exercise, overweight, adaptive traitRecent studies have shown that increasing the...uces a reduction in activity, which is probably an adaptive trait to conserve energy during times of famine. However this does make it especially difficult for ...

Stomach Hormone to Aid in Controlling Appetite

...uces a reduction in activity, which is probably an adaptive trait to conserve energy during times of famine. However this does make it especially difficult for obese individuals trying to lose weight.’ However oxyntomodulin has been shown to decrease calorific intake by increasing energy expenditure proving...

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Sets Cognitive Problems After 10 Years

...ding academic achievement (especially arithmetic), adaptive functioning, and executive functions (the ability to problem solve and learn from experiences). Deficits in intellectual, achievement, adaptive, and executive functioning could make it difficult to appropriately manage finances, function independentl...

iSTART Brain Model Reveals the possible Cause of Autism

...s how we learn to recognize things; hence the term adaptive resonance,’ explained Grossberg. The degree of m...how individuals with autism experience failures of adaptive timing that lead to the premature release of behaviors which are then unrewarded. ‘iSTART depicts...

Studying the psycho neurobiology of aging

... biological and behavioral stress responses can be adaptive in the aftermath of stress, but can also cause damage when they are over- or under-produced and go on for a long time. "Acute stress seems to enhance immune function and improves memory but chronic stress has the opposite effect and can lead to disor...

Wear and Tear of Stress: The Psychoneurobiology of Aging

... biological and behavioral stress responses can be adaptive in the aftermath of stress, but can also cause damage when they are over- or under-produced and go on for a long time. “Acute stress seems to enhance immune function and improves memory but chronic stress has the opposite effect and can lead to disor...

Survivors of Childhood Polio Do Well Decades Later As They Age

...eficits. Very few had to change their homes or add adaptive equipment. Those who had weakness problems during our study had a larger deficit at the end of their childhood disease, making them more likely to develop symptoms. So, as deficits at the end of the disease increase, the probability of experiencing p...

What does High-fiber Foods Really do?

...il and his colleague Dr. Katsuya Miyake this is an adaptive response and most of these cells repair this damage rapidly while at the same time excrete even more mucus, which provides a bit of cell protection as it eases food down the GI tract. In 2003, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr....

Cancer-Killing Viruses Employ Multiple Mechanisms

... second, more powerful immune mechanism called the adaptive immune response. Through adaptive immunity, populations of white blood cells known as lymphocytes – B cells and T cells – mount a powe...

Link between Fish and Mammal Immune Systems Revealed by Killer B cells

...edicine. Their studies link the evolution of the adaptive immune system in mammals, where B cells produce an...which has survived in fish, and the more advanced, adaptive immune response seen in humans and other mammals." About 400 million years ago, the earliest ancest...

Cause of ‘Down Syndrome’ cannot be pinned down to maternal age aloe

...lieve that this relaxed filtering stringency is an adaptive maternal response and it might explain why the rate of Down Syndrome accelerates with increasing maternal age.These findings have important implications for the prevention of abnormal fetal development. The authors conclude that “clearly, identifica...

Choice of Anesthesia in C-section

...onatal death, Apgar scores, umbilical pH, neonatal adaptive capacity scores and need for oxygen by mask or intubation. Outcome measures involving the mom included maternal death, differences in hematocrit or hemoglobin levels (both measures of anemia) before and after C-section, incidence of postoperative w...

Development of Influenza A Virus

... season and rarely indulge in gene exchange. Also, adaptive evolution takes place infrequently in the influenza virus; events that happen by chance have a great influence on the variety and evolution of the virus. These important reasons render the influenza virus extremely unpredictable, hence forecasting ...

Who are Prone to Suicidal Tendencies?

... a child's emotional resilience and development of adaptive coping strategies early on in life."...

Adults Who Go to Bed Lonely Get Stress Hormone Boost Next Morning

...ealth. But in the short term the stress hormone is adaptive and helpful, according to Adam. “Cortisol helps us respond to stressful experiences and do something about them,” she said. “It is necessary for survival -- fluctuations in this hormone assist us in meeting the changing demands we face in our daily...

How Many Genes Does It Take to Learn? Lessons from Sea Slugs

...us system is as important as gene gain in terms of adaptive strategies. They believe that a common ancestor of animals had a complex genome and different genes controlling brain or immune functions were lost independently in different lineages of animals, including humans. Until now, scientists have been l...

Scientists Develop a Harmless Multi-Tasking Reovirus

...e response), may "instruct" cells belonging to the adaptive immune response, namely natural killer cells and T cells, to attack the tumor even after the virus no longer remains in the body. That poster was presented at the European National Societies of Immunology Meeting in Paris. Interestingly, another st...

Inflammation can Lead to Cancer

...ve known for decades that B cells of the so-called adaptive or acquired immune system are activated following a bacterial infection and in response, produce antibodies that signal leukocytes to attack," said Coussens, associate professor of pathology in the UCSF Cancer Research Institute. "But in precancer...

Flies too Have Immune Memory!

...vader." The other arm found in higher organisms is adaptive immunity, which has a memory that retains an inter...on once it encounters the same invader again. This adaptive immunity explains why a vaccine provides protection. "AIDS patients are like fruit flies in the se...

Educational Video Increases Knowledge but Not Behavior

...signed to increase emotional well-being and use of adaptive devices in low vision patients increased knowledge...ge of macular degeneration and the availability of adaptive devices and techniques, it did not change their emotional response to their disease or motivate them...

Latest IPCC Report Highlights Need for Integrated Climate/human Behavior Models

..."I welcome the growing emphasis on the modeling of adaptive strategies to lessen the health risks. Recent evidence from extreme heat waves, cyclones and droughts has shown how widely the health impacts vary between old and young, rich and poor, and those with strong versus weak social institutions and support...

Physicists Unite To Develop Anthrax Detection Method

...” Scully says. They call this approach femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques via CARS (FAST-CARS). The research reported in Science represents further refinement of the FAST-CARS method, using ultrashort broadband pulses for the first two laser bursts and a longer, tailored narrowband pulse for the ...

Link Between Food Cue-related Brain Activity Found

...he functional connectivity of circuits involved in adaptive behaviour. For example, increased connectivity was seen between the cortex and two other regions - the amygdala and the striatum. Within the latter, there was a shift in activity from the outer shell to the inner core of the nucleus accumbens and an ...

Brain Inflammation A Friend for Alzheimer's Patients

...rocesses that are beneficial and part of the bodys adaptive response to fight plaques. The new findings hinge on a very special mouse that Shaftel spent three years creating with the guidance of his adviser, M. Kerry OBanion, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy. Shaftel genetically ...

Genes may Have a Role in Learning "tonal Languages"

...ield of inquiry that links language evolution with adaptive molecular evolution and brain function, Newscientist.com quoted Bernard Crespi, an evolutionary biologist at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, Canada, as saying. Given that both genes function in brain development, Dediu and Ladd recommend that t...

Study Reveals Little-known Cell Networks Vital to Circadian Rhythm

...eractions in peripheral tissues may actually be an adaptive feature in most circumstances. SCN cells in vivo must synchronize not only to light-dark cycles but also to one another to coordinate circadian behavior. Lack of coupling may allow peripheral oscillators to anticipate and respond rapidly not only to ...

Impotence and Incontinence Greatly Reduced With New Prostate Cancer Treatment

...ination of on-line tracking, guidance and possible adaptive interventions to be used. The team is able to make intermediate adaptations when required, for example by re-imaging the patient and adjusting the dose before each treatment session, "Often, it is this interventional option that can make the differen...

Death Rates Will Rise Because of Global Warming

...y: Central heating, which constitutes an important adaptive mechanism against cold, is almost universal in the US and this may explain why the US population seemed fully acclimatised to cold. Making air conditioning universally available may reduce heat-related mortality but would, on the other hand, have a...

New Research to Make Science and Technology Work for the Poor

... than dividing them. It creates solutions that are adaptive to change, build resilience to uncertainty and meet the priorities of poor and marginalised people in different settings. With 4m pound of funding from the Economic and Social Research Council, STEPSs five-year programme of research, with partners ...

Two, Not One Networks Rule Brain's Voluntary Chain-of-command

...another idea that's common in network dynamics and adaptive systems," Dosenbach says. "This is the idea that the factors controlling adaptive systems often act on different time scales. We think the frontoparietal network may be the more onli...

Shoulder Protection by Throwing Motion in Baseball Players

...as a nine year-old, he explains. To evaluate the adaptive changes in the shoulder joint of overhead throwing...are too high and playing year-round can push those adaptive changes to the point of injury. Parents of young baseball players need not be overly concerned abo...

Napo Obtains Special Protocol Assessment Agreement From FDA for Crofelemer

...er the Special Protocol Assessment Process on this adaptive design of its ADVENT trial. On March 14, 2007, Nap...d, parallel-group, placebo- controlled, two-stage, adaptive design study to assess the efficacy and safety of crofelemer at 125mg, 250 mg and 500 mg oral doses ...

Autophagy may Lead to Heart Disease

... normal role in cell function. It appears to be an adaptive response that protects the body in times of stress or starvation. But in response to other forms of stress such as hypertension, which can lead to cardiovascular disease, autophagy might also lead to harmful changes in the heart muscle, particularl...