cancer

Surrogate markers

...tion, may be used as a surrogate marker for breast cancer occurrence; CD4 count is a surrogate marker for death from HIV infection. Criticism There have been a number of instances when studies using surrogate markers have been used to show benefit from a particular treatment, but later, a repea...

Positive predictive value

...ok for bowel cancer: Patients with bowel cancer (as confirmed on endoscopy ) True False ? FOB test Positive TP = 2 FP = 18 = TP / (TP + FP) = 2 / (2 + 18) = 2 / 20 ≡ 10% Negative FN = 1 TN = 182 = TN / (TN + FN) 182 / (1 + 182) = 182 / ...

Photomedicine

...is Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of cancer and macular degeneration Free electron laser Laser hair removal Optical diagnostics, for example Optical Coherence Tomography using infrared light of coronary plaques Confocal microscopy and fluorescence microscopy of in vivo tissue Diffus...

Personalized medicine

... : key enablers 4 Personalized medicine and cancer 4.1 Herceptin and Gleevec 5 Person...threatened onset. Personalized medicine and cancer Cancer genetics is a subspecialized field of genetics. This field initially dealt with the relativ...

Patient trade-off

The trade-off dilemma in prostate cancer treatment refers to the choice between different treatments for localized prostate cancer (a tumor that is contained within the prostate). The choice is a trade-off between the expected b...

Ocular oncology

Eye cancer Classification & external resources ICD ...mors relating to the eye and its adnexa . Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye . Contents 1 Eye cancer 1.1 Origin and location...

Nuclear medicine

...for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer . Nuclear medicine differ from most other imaging modalities in that the tests primarily show the physiological function of the system being investigated as opposed to the anatomy . In some centres, the nuclear medicine images can be superimposed...

Molecular medicine

...de gene expression, research methods, proteins , cancer research, immunology and many more besides. In some universities molecular medicine is combined with another discipline such as chemistry , functioning as an additional study to enrich the undergraduate program. Further reading UCAS webs...

Muscle atrophy

..."body-wasting" syndrome that is a co-morbidity of cancer and Congestive Heart Failure ; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ; burns, liver failure, etc. Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are congestive heart disease and liver disease. Other muscles diseases,...

Medicine

...t in patients with terminal illnesses including cancer and heart failure . Pediatrics (AE) or paediatrics (BE) is devoted to the care of infants, children, and adolescents. Like internal medicine, there are many pediatric subspecialities for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, a...

Pathology

...redisposing (in some cases) to the development of cancer . [8] Tissue repair Tissue repair, as ...any similarities in the gene pathways activated in cancer cells, and those activated in cells involved in wound healing and inflammation. [8] Pathol...

Family history (medicine)

...mmune disorders , mental disorders , diabetes , cancer ) to appreciate whether a person is at risk for developing similar problems. Use of a genogram can be helpful in a family history, which is in the format of a family tree. Family histories may be imprecise because of various possible reasons: Ad...

Full-body scan

...ing of the lungs may be done to screen for lung cancer , but it has showed varied success. [11] [12]...that looks for polyps that may develop into colon cancer . It has shown detection rates for polyps of size greater or equal to 8 mm that are comparable to tr...

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

...rt study of the relationships between diet and cancer , as well as other chronic diseases, such as card.... Up to 2004, there were over 26,000 new cases of cancer recorded among participants, with the most common being cancers of the breast, colorectum, prostate ...

Craniofacial prosthesis

...sed by disease (mostly progressed forms of skin cancer , and head and neck cancer ), trauma (outer ear trauma , eye trauma ) or birth defects (link to microtia , anophthalmia )....

Cachexia

...doctor will generally consider the possibility of cancer , certain infectious diseases (e.g. tuberculosi...se settings Cachexia is often seen in end-stage cancer , and in that context is called "cancer cachexia". It was also prevalent in AIDS patients before t...