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Source of molecular triggers in cutaneous T cell lymphoma identified

...most common adult malignancy of T lymphocytes, the white blood cells of the immune system. Finding CTCL triggering factors has been a major goal of Richard L. Edelson, M.D., Director of the Yale Cancer Center, and professor and chair of dermatology at Yale, since he and his colleagues at the National Cance...

Emory Study Tests Bone Marrow Stem Cells to Improve Circulation in Legs

...luding incancer patients to increase the number of white blood cells to fightinfection after chemotherapy; ... a bone marrow transplant to increase thenumber of white blood cells. It is still considered experimental,however, for use to increase the level of EPCs in p...

Fox Chase Cancer Center scientists identify immune-system mutation

...mutation that keeps a mouse strain from developing white blood cells, or lymphocytes, called helper T cells...cell-mediated immunity) and also for helping other white blood cells (B cells, derived from bone marrow) generate antibodies against foreign agents that ente...

Recent breakthroughs in common adult leukemia highlighted in New England Journal of Medicine

..., CLL was considered a uniform disease of immature white blood cells that didn't die, with the slow rise in... an accumulation of these immature and incompetent white blood cells. Scientists have since discovered that CLL cells do indeed turn over, with the accumulat...

The secret lives of whales

... ?thanks to Melville’s tale of Moby Dick, the rare white sperm whale. Female sperm whales feed in tropical regions while males travel globally and feed near the poles. “For example, of the roughly one million sperm whales killed by whalers in the Antarctic Ocean, only one was a female,?says Payne. Ocean A...

DNA Recombination and Repair—A New Twist to RecA Function

...lf can work as a motor: for instance, the march of white blood cells toward pathogens is powered by the growth of actin filaments pushing against the cells?membranes. In all cases, coherent motion implies a coordinated and polarized use of energy. Now, Julia Cox, Oleg Tsodikov, and Michael Cox present evi...

Circles Of DNA Might Help Predict Success Of Stem Cell Transplantation

...he patients' own stem cells that produce cancerous white cells or faulty red cells and replace them with he...em cells repopulate the blood with healthy red and white cells. The St. Jude team showed that the more copies of tiny rings of DNA called signal-joint TRECs...

New insight into people who 'see' colors in letters and numbers

...ack letters or numbers--known as "graphemes"--on a white background. They chose those graphemes that the synesthetes reported elicited specific colors. They designed the experiment so that if the synesthetes really were seeing the colors, that color perception would help them distinguish shapes such as tri...

Plants defy Mendel's inheritance laws, may prompt textbook changes

...hildren, the buds become 1-millimeter-long, bright white flowers that fully opened and radiated out from the center of a cluster. "If you take this mutant Arabidopsis, which has two copies of the altered gene, let it seed and then plant the seeds, 90 percent of the offspring will look like the parent, but...

White blood cell waste disposal system plays critical regulatory role

...hese critical immune cells. Human neutrophils are white blood cells that are constantly being produced in the bone marrow and released into the blood stream where they migrate out of the blood and roam the body in search of potentially harmful foreign substances. Neutrophils have a short lifespan and ofte...

Falling ants glide back to trunk to avoid dangers of forest floor

...a bit more." By painting the ants' rear legs with white nail polish, he was able to track their fall and e...eotape the same species of ant in freefall, with a white sheet standing in for the tree trunk. Yanoviak's earlier observations combined with the videotaped ...

Ophthalmologists Use Artificial Silicon Retina Microchip To Treat Vision Loss

... procedure starts with three tiny incisions in the white part of the subject's eye, each incision no larger than the diameter of a needle. Through these incisions, the surgeons insert a miniature cutting and vacuuming device that removes the gel in the middle of the eye and replaces it with saline. They th...

Ophthalmologists implant five patients with artificial silicon retina microchip

... procedure starts with three tiny incisions in the white part of the subject's eye, each incision no larger than the diameter of a needle. Through these incisions, the surgeons insert a miniature cutting and vacuuming device that removes the gel in the middle of the eye and replaces it with saline. They th...

Surprising findings reported about iron overload

...n other racial/ethnic groups." He added that many white Alabamians have Celtic origins, with some counties...tosis or iron overload occur in 0.3-0.5 percent of white persons of northern, central, and western European descent. In fact, a health-screening program cond...

Great White shark evolution debate involves WSU Lake Campus geology professor

...ooth growth trajectories, while those of the great white and megladon are not similar. Analysis of both the root and entire tooth also shows a remarkable similarity in all four tooth positions under study for both the Great White and mako shark. Serration densities possess a strong similarity between the G...

New winter hulless barley has high protein

...stics such as higher protein content, quality, and white seed color. The Virginia Tech wheat cultivars "Tri...y products. The cultivar "Pearl" is the first soft white cultivar developed and released from the program. Production of such high-value specialty grains off...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

...t box fitted with high-intensity, full-spectrum or white light bulbs. UV irradiation is also used to repigm...Yeast strains lacking one of those genes, known as white collar 1 (BWC1), mated equally well in the light or the dark, implicating that gene in the fungus' a...

New insight into regulation of blood stem cells

...iate into either red blood cells, various types of white blood cells, or platelets. The genes that control proliferation and differentiation have been difficult to study using traditional gene disruption methods because loss of genes thought to be critical for this process often results in embryonic death,...

Chemicals in tattoo inks need closer scrutiny

...ng three different brands of red, blue, yellow and white ink. Tattoo artists frequently mix inks to achieve the desired color, so the researchers selected their samples based on the most likely base colors. Because there have been no previous studies, they are using analytical techniques that can test for...

Protein That Promotes Survival Of Stem Cells Might Be Key To Poor Leukemia Prognosis

...cells (HSC) give rise to all of the body's red and white blood cells and platelets has now been discovered ...maintaining blood cells throughout life as red and white cells and platelets die and must be replaced. HSCs are also needed to rebuild the blood system of pa...

White Blood Cell 'Waste Disposal' System Plays Critical Regulatory Role

...hese critical immune cells. Human neutrophils are white blood cells that are constantly being produced in the bone marrow and released into the blood stream where they migrate out of the blood and roam the body in search of potentially harmful foreign substances. Neutrophils have a short lifespan and ofte...

Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery

...he cells to a component of mycobacteria. The large white blood cells known as monocytes rapidly differentiated into the two distinct cell types, forming the body's emergency response to the detection of foreign bacteria. One category of defensive cells, macrophages, seek out and engulf the infectious bugs....

First technology to remove prions that cause vCJD from blood launched

...od cells. Prions can be either cell-associated (on white blood cells) or non-cell associated. Studies with the new prion filter show that it removes 99.9 percent of the infectious agent from red cells. A filtration approach to prion protection offers significant advantages over other potential technologie...

Genetic therapy reverses nervous system damage in animal model of inherited human disease

...c clinical improvement, but MRI also revealed that white matter tracks, myelin, in the brain had been largely restored. "As we move toward the clinical use of this therapy in humans, we must develop and utilize non-invasive methods to monitor the regression of the disease following treatment," Vite said. ...

Defensins Ward Off HIV In Two Ways

...s HIV infection in CD4+ T cells. CD4 + T cells are white blood cells that have molecules called CD4 on their exterior. They help orchestrate the body's response to viruses and therefore play important roles in the immune system. The researchers show that alpha-defensin-1 fights HIV in two different ways. ...

Doctors closer to using gene analysis to help trauma patients

...s in an effort to correlate molecular markers with white blood cell behavior, and ultimately, with patient outcome. Studies in healthy patients were conducted at UF, Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Rochester School of Medicine and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

...on phase of the immune response: its expression on white blood cells impairs their ability to bind blood ve...S, the immune system induced a steady migration of white blood cells from the blood into affected tissues. However, mice deficient for annexin 1 exhibited a ...

Gladstone investigators discover how resting T cells avoid HIV infection

...acks." CD4 T cells are a class of lymphocytes, or white blood cells, that fight infection by orchestrating immune responses. They have the ability to recognize specific antigens -- foreign substances, such as toxins, bacteria or environmental factors -- through receptors on their surfaces. Roughly 95 perc...

Affymetrix Launches New Globin-Reduction Kits and Protocol Developed with PreAnalytiX

...ortant, changes of gene expression associated with white blood cells, such as lymphocytes and monocytes. Counteracting the effects of globin mRNA during target preparation significantly increases assay sensitivity on GeneChip arrays. The GeneChip Globin Reduction Protocol links PreAnalytiX' already proven...

Hydrogen and methane provide raw energy for life at 'Lost City'

...an unheard of 18 stories tall. And all were creamy white and gray, suggesting a very different composition ...uids at Lost City drape nearby cliffs in brilliant white and form vents ranging in shape from tiny toadstools to the 18-story column, named Poseidon, which d...

While on trail of dioxin, scientists pinpoint cancer target of green tea

...at AH activity is inhibited by a chemical found in white and green teas, epigallocatechingallate or EGCG, a cousin of flavonoids found in broccoli, cabbage, grapes and red wine that are known to help prevent cancer. The team had been working on other chemicals to try to stop AH activity. "We initially hyp...

B cells are required for development of epithelial cancer associated with chronic inflammation

...tudy the roles and interactions of these different white blood cells in the progression of cancer. The mic...del system resulted in a failure to recruit innate white blood cells to premalignant skin and an absence of chronic inflammation. As a consequence, parameter...

Bugs, even 'bad' ones, can be educationally beneficial, new book says

...'uterus' feed the developing larva. Tsetse milk is white and chemically similar to human or cow's milk," Waldbauer wrote in a chapter titled "Guaranteeing descendants: The role of parental care." Waldbauer emphasizes that insects can be useful to humans. For example, he said, maggot therapy has been used ...

Chronic Sinus Infection Thought To Be Tissue Issue, Mayo Clinic Scientists Show It's Snot

...hat in chronic sinus infection patients, activated white blood cells (eosinophils) cluster in the nasal and sinus mucus and scatter a toxic protein (major basic protein) onto the nasal and sinus membrane. While major basic protein was not distributed in the nasal and sinus tissue, the level of this protein...

NCI Researchers Confirm the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy Approach to Treating Melanoma

... activated lymphocytes. Autologous lymphocytes are white blood cells that have been removed from the patien...from the patients, and then lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell in the blood that can attack tumors, were separated from other parts of the blood. Next, ...

Random gene expression may drive HIV into hiding

...on. HIV normally replicates rapidly in the body's white blood cells, but, in some cells, the virus stops replicating and becomes dormant. Researchers have long puzzled over how HIV makes the "decision" to become latent or to keep replicating in a certain cell. "Most of the other groups studying the molec...

Recombinant DNA technology may enable oral, rather than injectable, delivery of protein drugs

...c code for G-CSF, a protein factor that stimulates white blood cell production in the body. G-CSF is used t...injectable drugs that work to keep an individual's white blood cell count at normal levels during chemotherapy. After that, the researchers needed to bring ...

Fungus-farming termites descend from an African rain forest Eve

...gi, represented today by the genus Termitomyces, a white rot fungus. These fungi are some of the few organisms that can digest the plant component lignin. Within the termite colonies, which can grow very large, the fungus grows on a special structure called the comb, which is maintained by the termites by ...

Scientists reveal how disease bacterium survives inside immune system cell

...rengthened scientists' belief that these plentiful white blood cells, known as neutrophils, dictate whether...Neutrophils, which make up about 60 percent of all white blood cells, are the largest cellular component of the human immune system -- billions exist inside ...

A whole lot of shaking goin' on triggers early hatching in red-eyed tree frogs

...or "white noise." Again, the snake-like pattern of white noise caused more eggs to hatch prematurely than did the rain-like white noise. "These experiments don't rule out the possibility that the frog eggs use other cues," she say...

First production of human monoclonal antibodies in chicken eggs published in Nature Biotechnology

...lely in the chicken oviduct and deposited into egg white in concentrations of 1-3 milligrams per egg. Moreo... of antibody, which is then separated from the egg white proteins generating the purified product. "This work represents a considerable advance over past ...

Scripps research scientists solve structure of a critical innate immune system protein

...defense starting with the unleashing of an army of white blood cells, like macrophages, which engulf and destroy pathogens. The macrophages also fight the pathogens by producing large amounts of chemicals that induce inflammation and help the body clear the infection. One of the components of the innate i...

Biologists determine genetic blueprint of social amoeba

...issues. It also exhibits many of the properties of white blood cells. Three years ago, another team of UCS...anism to food sources are also used to guide human white blood cells to the sites of infections and play a role in the spread of cancer. (see: http://ucsdnew...

Male Combat Veterans Rank High In Heart Disease Risk

... (NHLBI), the LCSES study examined 5,368 black and white men who participated in the larger Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. White males represented 80 percent of this study population and black males, 20 percent. The men were 44 to 66 years old during the initial interviews from 1987-89. Combat...

Bacteria use host's immune response to their competitive advantage

...imulates the immune system to send out specialized white blood cells that attack its competitor, Streptococcus pneumoniae--a leading cause of pneumonia. "It is striking that the host's response can so completely eliminate the competitor," says Weiser. The findings also demonstrate how antibiotics and vacc...

Hepatitis C responds best to combo of ribavirin and interferon, study concludes

...tion therapy patients included a reduced number of white blood cells; skin disorders such as dry skin and rash; stomach complaints such as lack of appetite, nausea and indigestion; infections; insomnia; difficulty breathing, cough and fatigue. "The beneficial effect of adding ribavirin to interferon is no...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

... brain and spinal cord. These nerve fibres make up white matter, which comprises the 'hard wiring' of the b...uilding blocks (proteins) of the main component of white matter ?the myelin. They found that the expression of genes that control the manufacture of structur...

HIV Therapy Greatly Extends Life of Key T Cells, Scientists Find

...he progressive loss of CD4+ T cells (a key type of white blood cell) and the subsequent decline in the infected person’s ability to fend off disease. NIH clinical investigators pioneered the experimental use of IL-2 in HIV therapy to help boost the immune systems of people with HIV infection. Produced natu...

Seaweed could make junk food healthier

...eed extract could quadruple the amount of fibre in white bread." ...

New imaging technology shown to detect pancreatic inflammation in type 1 diabetes

... and eventually kills them. Early in this process, white blood cells called T lymphocytes infiltrate the islets of the pancreas (an inflammatory condition known as insulitis), causing the blood vessels to become leaky. Over time, this infiltration of lymphocytes destroys the beta cells, leading to high blo...

Why do aneurysms form? New studies suggest leading role for white blood cells

...ion, U-M researchers report that a certain type of white blood cell called a neutrophil appears to be crucial to AAA formation. Neutrophils are the "first responders" of the body's immune system, appearing rapidly on the scene of an infection or injury to an area of tissue, and sounding the alarm to summo...

Naturally occurring asbestos linked to lung cancer

...y, the rate varied markedly by gender and age. For white males, the rate was 2.29 cases per 100,000. For white females, it was 0.49. People over age 60 had ten times the rate of those ages 40 to 59. Worldwide, ...

NHGRI Selects 13 More Organisms for Genome Sequencing

... analysis, go to: www.genome.gov/11509542. For the white papers on other organisms currently in NHGRI’s sequencing pipeline, go to: www.genome.gov/10002154. For more on NHGRI’s selection process for large-scale sequencing projects, go to: www.genome.gov/Sequencing/OrganismSelection. High-resolution photos...

Possible treatment found for 'chemobrain'

... analysis, go to: www.genome.gov/11509542. For the white papers on other organisms currently in NHGRI’s sequencing pipeline, go to: www.genome.gov/10002154. For more on NHGRI’s selection process for large-scale sequencing projects, go to: www.genome.gov/Sequencing/OrganismSelection. High-resolution photos...

Gene for immune deficiency syndromes found

...e response that involve maturation of B cells, the white blood cells that make immunoglobulins, which function as antibodies, to fight infections. Normally, TACI triggers B cells to switch from making immunoglobulin M (IgM), an antibody produced early in the body's immune response, to making other immunogl...

Protein amplification in melanoma is possible drug target

...e response that involve maturation of B cells, the white blood cells that make immunoglobulins, which function as antibodies, to fight infections. Normally, TACI triggers B cells to switch from making immunoglobulin M (IgM), an antibody produced early in the body's immune response, to making other immunogl...

New technique could alter field of mouse genetics

...ein and an enzyme that changes the coat color of a white mouse to grey or black. The transposon acts as a genetic beacon, so researchers can easily track its location without having to sequence the entire genome, as can happen with the chemical mutagen technique. In three months, the two graduate students...

Scavenger cells could be key to treating HIV-related dementia

... researchers have found. Macrophages, long-living white blood cells often considered the scavengers of the immune system, actually may damage a part of the brain where many memories are stored in their attempt to attack the virus there, according to findings reported in the Journal of Virology this month....

Immune system has evolved to prevent autoimmune disease

...ve, as it rapidly creates and mass produces mutant white blood cells called B cells that make only these antibodies." Deem said prior research has identified a number of alternate strategies the immune system could use to reduce the time needed to create an effective B cell. In addition, these methods als...

OHSU researchers discover potential mechanism to repair brain damage linked to Multiple Sclerosis

...d other scientists had revealed a link between the white matter brain damage associated with premature birt...ar interest to me in my attempts to counteract the white matter brain damage that is often associated with premature birth and can lead to a form of cerebral...