Turnover in Biological News

Testosterone replacement theraphy beneficial in men 60 and older

... for Five Months Reduces Markers of Bone turnover in Older Men. Dr. Dillon is presenting the teams ... time by preventing unwanted increases in bone turnover that are frequently associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is often associated with high bone turnover (increases in bone resorption as well as in bone ...

Key to evolutionary fitness: Cut the calories

... kept in cooler temperatures, Brown hares are able to increase their energy turnover and rate of milk production above that normally observed. This indicates ... were provided with plentiful food, there could be no limitation of energy turnover due to food availability. The way that females regulated their energy ...

Study confirms amphibians' ability to predict changes in biodiversity

... power of this sensitive group of animals in a global study of species turnover among amphibians and birds. The study appears this week in the advance ... study, he and Buckley produced a series of global maps of environmental turnover and the associated changes in amphibian and bird communities that reveal ...

Buyer beware: Stressed plants won't survive shipping

... that more conducive environmental conditions, better care, and faster turnover in the retail market are needed to improve the shelf life of vegetative ... production practices, and post-production treatments are needed if market turnover time can not be reduced. She hopes that studies like hers will help ...

Dietary calcium could possibly prevent the spread of breast cancer to bone

... conducive to cancer growth. To better understand the role of bone turnover in the spread of cancer, Dunstan and his team compared the effects of a ... calcium deficiency independent of the chemical factors that control turnover was related to a significantly higher increase in cancer cell ...

Prostate Cancer Translational Research in Europe meeting: Search for biomarkers continues

... not a sensitive enough tool to identify men at risk". The P-Mark project evaluates promising biomarkers and has selected 3: osteoprotegerin (a bone turnover protein discovered by the group of Prof Hamdy), PCA3 (Jacques Schalkens (Nijmegen, NL) group) and multikallikreins (project of Profs Lilja (New York, ...

A big lesson from the reef

... work is cited by other researchers. He combines mathematical and statistical modelling with fieldwork and laboratory experiments to study biological turnover at all scales, including population dynamics, species interactions and biodiversity, and macroevolution. He received his doctorate in 1999 from ...

Lipid droplets lead a Spartin existence

... defects in LD function are the root cause of the defects seen in Troyer patients, but author Paul Bieniasz points to precedents of defects in lipid turnover triggering neuronal disorders, such as mutations in the phospholipase NTE causing motor neuron disease. ...

Empire State Stem Cell Board awards $12.7 million to Albert Einstein College of Medicine

... Research; director of the Diabetes Research and Training Center $1,080,000 Identification of adipocyte progenitor cells during adipose tissue turnover and obesity. Carl Schildkraut, Ph.D., professor of cell biology $1,080,000 Differential regulation of DNA replication during neural lineage ...

Turning sunlight into liquid fuels

... yield for clusters of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nano-sized crystals was about 1,600 times higher than for micron-sized particles," said Frei, "and the turnover frequency (speed) was about 1,140 oxygen molecules per second per cluster, which is commensurate with solar flux at ground level (approximately 1,000 ...

New genetic markers for ulcerative colitis identified, researchers report in Nature Genetics

... (IFNG), interleukin 26 (IL26), and interleukin 22 (IL22) genes on chromosome 12q15. RNF186 and OTUD3 are members of gene families involved in protein turnover and diverse cellular processes. PLA2G2E, IFNG, IL26 and IL22 are known to play a role in inflammation and the immune response. The study also found ...

Acrylic glass made of sugar

... system in a functioning technological process (pilot plant). In about ten years, a technological process is then conceivable, with an annual turnover of 150 to 400 million euro. PMMA is a synthetic plastic developed in 1928 and today produced in great quantities. PMMA is often known ...

World's rarest big cat gets a check-up

... However, both camera-trapping and snow-tracking surveys indicate that the population has been stable for the last 30 years, but with a high rate of turnover of individuals. If inbreeding or disease can be kept in check, WCS and its partners believe there is great potential for increasing survival rates ...

Scientists point to forests for carbon storage solutions

... quantifies annual carbon storage capacity in forests in the upper Great Lakes region and details how historic land use, climate patterns and tree turnover influence forests' carbon storage trends. The researchers' calculations suggest that carbon storage in Midwestern forests could offset the ...

Fossil and molecular evidence reveals the history of major marine biodiversity hotspots

... biodiversity hotspots, be they terrestrial or marine, will require a clearer understanding of the Geographic and environmental context of taxonomic turnover driving the origination, maintenance, and diminution of hotspots over extensive time scales. ...

New technique determines the number of fat cells remains constant in all body types

... application, which appeared in the May 4 early online edition of the journal Nature, the scientists used the pulse of radiocarbon to analyze fat cell turnover in humans. Radiocarbon or carbon-14 is naturally produced by cosmic ray interactions with air and is present at low levels in the atmosphere and ...

Fishing throws targeted species off balance, Scripps study shows

... smaller fishwith the same initial biomass as the larger fishcant average out the environmental fluctuations, and in fact amplify them through higher turnover rates that promote boom and bust cycles. The study that included academic and government scientists from Alaska, Asia and Great Britain is based ...

Some migratory birds can't find success in urban areas, study finds

... often give up if their first nest in a year wasnt successful. While many rural birds returned to the same nest site year after year, nest site turnover in urban areas was about two times higher than of those outside the city. What is it about urban areas that Acadian Flycatchers and other ...

Elevated carbon dioxide changes soil microbe mix below plants

... has not yet been observed at the Rhinelander FACE site. "Overall, the changes we observed support previously reported increases in biomass turnover rates and sustained availability and translocation of the essential nutrients required for increased plant growth under elevated CO 2 ," van der ...

New report finds great potential for Swedish medical technology

... of thriving companies that have been built up around Swedish innovations. As a whole, the industry employs around 10,000 Swedes and has an annual turnover of some SKr 60 billion. However, the recently published report Action MedTech Sweden Key Measures for Growing the Medical Device Industry in Sweden ...

Stomach stem cell discovery could bring cancer insights

... is considered a key stem cell property. The identification of these progenitor cells will not only aid in our understanding of normal cell turnover in the stomach, but could potentially open some new and exciting doors in our investigation of the origins of gastric cancer, says Deborah Gumucio, ...

Researchers create artificial enzyme that mimics the body's internal engine

... have only one oxygen molecule and watch what happens." He said that single turnover is like taking a single photograph of an event, while steady turnover is like shooting a movie. Damaged enzymes Once Collman's group ...

Live fast, die young true for forests too

... ongoing and future environmental changes. "One implication of this fast turnover rate is that the world¹s most productive forests may be those likely to ... that increase productivity of a given forest could lead to more rapid turnover of trees, decreasing the average age of trees. In the long run, such ...

Corals -- More complex than you?

... evolved much later?is also casting new light on evolution. It appears that all animals lose genes during evolution; those with fast generation turnover times ?like fruit flies ?shed genes particularly fast. Corals which take at least 5years to reach sexual maturity (compared with the laboratory ...

Asexual worm quickly adapts to soil contamination

... of protection strategies for natural populations. This can be realised by focusing environmental management more on functions such as biomass turnover rate and less on the structure and biomasss of populations per se. In her thesis Doroszuk shows that contributions from various research disciplines ...

New technologies coming too fast for Indian farmers

... the farmers' inability to recognize the varying seeds being sold at market contributes to those woes. The farmers' desire for novelty leads to rapid turnover in the seed market. Seed firms frequently take seeds that have become less popular, rename them and sell them with new marketing campaigns, Stone ...

Tumor cells evade death through autophagy

... Autophagy is a cellular process that enables cells to turnover their contents, something that they do frequently. Autophagy is initiated in tumor cells by chemotherapy and radiation, but it is not known if this ...

Motor protein plays key role in connecting neurons

... says Dr. Xiong. Different versions of the myosin family proteins are critical to essentially every cell including muscle cells and those that turnover and divide rapidly, such as skin and intestinal cells, and eggs or oocytes. The rapidly moving protein is easily degraded and needs ...

Cities change the songs of birds

... time scales, but major shifts in a region’s bird population, including extinction, can take place here and now. Urbanization typically leads to a turnover in species composition such that those species occurring in the original habitat are replaced by those that cope well with urban conditions. Many ...

Scientists take 'snapshots' of enzyme action

... leaves the enzyme and the cofactor binds again. "With this back-and-forth, alternating binding, the process repeats over and over for continuous turnover of the product," Swaminathan says. The details of this process may help scientists understand what happens in cases where compounds are not ...

Invasive species alter habitat to their benefit

... Litter accumulation was the deciding factor, she found. "Plots with the litter treatment had higher levels of nitrogen in the soil and higher turnover rates of nitrogen, along with much lower light levels and lower soil temperatures," Farrer said. "So the litter was creating a pretty different ...

Science finds new fix for UV-damaged skin in arthritis treatment

... the cells to keep producing more and more melanin ?which eventually leads to age spots and uneven discoloration. Additionally, as skin ages, cell turnover slows down and melanin "dust" ?microscopic particles of melanin ?can become trapped in the upper layers of skin, resulting in a duller appearance. ...

Chocolate milk could be key to longer, healthier life

... As we grow older the amount of mitochondria we have decreases and with it our respiratory capacity. "This decline is determined by the turnover of proteins in the mitochondria. We hope to highlight an effective and easy way to maintain the protein content in muscles or at least replace old ...

A new focus for the mechanism of nerve growth

... research has focused on how actin structures are assembled at the leading edges of motile cells," said Forscher. "Instead, this paper investigates turnover or recycling of the actin networks. As the complement to actin network assembly, recycling is necessary to prevent actin buildup that could actually ...

Living taste cells produced outside the body

... from a population of undifferentiated precursors known as basal cells. Understanding of the process of taste cell differentiation, growth and turnover has been hampered by the inability of researchers to keep taste cells alive outside the body in controlled laboratory conditions. To address ...

A little telomerase isn't enough

... two copies of the telomerase gene.) By the fifth generation, mice had severely shortened telomeres and exhibited failure of organs that have high turnover of their cells -- the bone marrow and intestine among them. "We thought there might be some relationship between telomerase, telomere length and ...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

... both chitinases and CBP21 would be able to combat fungi by degrading chitin in their cell walls. And, a better understanding of natural chitin turnover increases our ability to interfere with chitin metabolism in insects and other plague organisms. CBP21 also has the potential to aid in the ...

The ecological effects of the Chernobyl disaster

... Institute for Environmental Geochemistry, Ukraine and the University of South Carolina will report their findings on the distribution of 14C in, "The turnover of 14C carbon in forests of the Chernobyl exclusion zone." The final presentation of the session, Ronald Chesser (Texas Tech University, US) will ...

Muscle repair: Making a good system better, faster; implications for aging, disease

... regeneration by regulating the inflammatory response (and) may also modulate muscle regeneration through the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover (or) by regulating the bioactivity of a variety of growth factors." Role of macrophages likely important Confirming earlier studies indicating ...