translation

Timing is everything: First step in protein building revealed

...ndicate that it must be very looselyassociated for translation [protein building] to begin."To monitor what was happening to eIF1, the researchers tagged it and arelated part of the ribosome with different fluorescent chemicals. Whentwo fluorescently labeled molecules are near one another, thefluorescent chemica...

Yale Scientists Find MicroRNA Regulates Ras Cancer Gene

...binding to the message for Ras and likely inhibits translation of the Ras protein," said Slack. "The microRNA does not revert a mutated Ras to normal; instead it acts like a brake on an accelerated Ras." Lung cancer currently has a poor prognosis with less than 15 percent of patients surviving five years. The l...

Scientists reveal molecular secrets of the malaria parasite

... specific to the mosquito stage,indicating delayed translation of transcripts from these genes.Hall says that gene-regulation motif "is particularly interestingbecause these proteins, expressed early in the mosquito, are the targetof transmission-blocking vaccines" —that is, vaccines which raiseantibodies that a...

Affymetrix and the Karolinska Institutet Announce Translational Medicine Strategic Alliance

...designed to improve healthcare by accelerating the translation of basic genetic research into tools for better diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. During the next five years the projects include genetic analyses and measurement of gene expression in patients with atherosclerosis, breast cancer, rheumatoid arth...

Used in a new way, RNA interference permanently silences key breast cancer gene

...roduct, its messenger RNA. This action then blocks translation and production of the protein that the gene encodes. In this study, the researchers used a lentivirus (a type of retrovirus) to deliver a specifically designed long-acting small interfering RNA (termed a short hairpin RNA, shRNA) for mouse STAT3 int...

Cooperation is key—a new way of looking at MicroRNA and how it controls gene expression

... came out that showed that microRNA could suppress translation in certain Drosophila (fruit fly) genes if those genes contained sequences complementary to the microRNA's sequence. But finding the targets of these microRNA proved difficult, and by the turn off the century, only a few had been identified. When th...

Stanford gut check shows diversity of intestinal ecosystem

...chaea. The molecule, 16S rRNA, plays a role in the translation of the genetic code and thus is critical to the organisms. However, small variations in the 16S rRNA gene sequences allow scientists to detect distinct bacteria. For each of the three research subjects, the researchers analyzed samples from six diff...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...es that killer T cells recognize come from aborted translation events, it may be that evasive action is taken at the RNA transcript stage, before RNA is translated into protein. Evading killer T cells, the authors argue, is key to the survival of the gamma-herpesvirus. By figuring out just how evasion occurs, sc...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...es that killer T cells recognize come from aborted translation events, it may be that evasive action is taken at the RNA transcript stage, before RNA is translated into protein. Evading killer T cells, the authors argue, is key to the survival of the gamma-herpesvirus. By figuring out just how evasion occurs, sc...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...s the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have be...

Evolution of life on Earth may hold key to finding life in outer space

...om the Exobiology Program, will extend the work on translation to look for evidence of the RNA world preserved in extant genomes. The other, from NASA's Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development Program, will conduct research to develop tests for the presence of living microorganisms that can be...

Life's origins were easier than was thought

...mber of genes that have the role of making the RNA translation system (which enables proteins to be produced) work, which would not be required in RNA-based organism. ...

Study charts origins of fear

...ion is currently working with Zhuo to push for the translation of this finding into treatments. ...

North & South American researchers find architectural abnormalities in T. cruzi ribosome

...of more complex organisms. "Ribosomes perform the translation of genetic information into protein in all organisms," Frank said. "The principle is always the same in plants, bacteria, and humans. It's a fundamental property of life on Earth." Another HHMI investigator, Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University, prod...

Scientists crack 40-year-old DNA puzzle and point to 'hot soup' at the origin of life

...s error tolerance. For instance, 'slippage' in the translation process tends to produce another amino acid with the same characteristics, and explains why the DNA code is so good at maintaining its integrity. "This is important because these kinds of mistakes can be fatal for an organism," said Dr van den Elsen...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...rrors are detected. A second "steady-state" round translation then directs the mass production of normal protein... cap-binding complex is part of the larger pioneer translation initiation complex, which enables mRNAs to be read by ribosomes during quality control review. Previ...

New insights into the software of life

...ly been awarded a grant from RIKEN to continue the translation of this work into the next phase, the Human Genome network project. ...

Researchers discover new form of cancer gene regulation

..., it binds to the Quaking protein and inhibits the translation event. This means that all of the controls that the cell has on the gene for GLI1 can be present and active and the GLI1 is still not produced. Significantly, the study demonstrated that this regulation is conserved from human to the worm, Caenorhab...

RNA splicing occurs in nerve-cell dendrites

...As, through local splicing, and subsequent protein translation may permit exquisitely sensitive control of these cellular functions. "The regulation and timing of the expression of proteins is what makes the central nervous system function," says Eberwine. The diversity and redundancy of the nervous-system...

A real time look at interactions between RNA and proteins

... those involved in the targeting, degradation, and translation of RNAs into proteins. Once identified, the Eberwine team uses another technology they developed to find the other RNA cargos that bind to that RNA-binding protein. These are other RNAs that likely co-regulate RNAs associated with disease. The res...

Carnegie Mellon develops non-invasive technique to detect transplant rejection at cellular level

...ces at the Mellon College of Science. "Successful translation of this work to the clinic ultimately will reduce the number of biopsy procedures and should greatly improve the quality of life for cardiac transplant patients, especially children," added Ho, who directs the Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Res...

Protein translation in sperm

...niversity, Israel) now show that, in fact, protein translation does take place in mammalian sperm prior to fertil...pacitation phase. They identify that mitochondrial translation machinery (as opposed to cytoplasmic) directs translation of nuclear-encoded genes in sperm, and tha...

Protein 'nanosprings' most resilient found in nature

... by the ankyrin springs could allow for very rapid translation of mechanical forces into biochemical signals, he said. The proteins' spring-like properties could also be important for furthering the development of nanotechnology, Marszalek added. "These nanosprings could provide a wonderful material anytime yo...

Epstein-Barr virus may be associated with multiple sclerosis

...mportant because it will provide the basis for the translation of this epidemiologic finding into new ways to treat and prevent MS." ...

Big hips, big belly? It's in your genes, Joslin-led study shows

...mportant because it will provide the basis for the translation of this epidemiologic finding into new ways to treat and prevent MS." ...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

...will be essential to facilitate and accelerate the translation of our genomic knowledge into cancer drugs that will impact patient survival," she wrote. ...

RNA interference stops colon cancer spread in mice

...tiny bits of genetic material that can prevent the translation of genes into proteins -- including specific proteins involved in biochemical reactions that promote cancer and other diseases. According to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, colorectal cancer is the country's second leading ca...

Microscopic passengers to hitch ride on space shuttle

...potential benefit that research in space holds for translation to the clinical bedside by providing a better understanding of how pathogens cause disease that will lead to new ways to treat, prevent and diagnose infectious disease." ...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...n in a gene so fundamentally important for protein translation would cause early lethality. But when we couldn't find a defect in any of the other genes in the sti region, we decided to look closer at the tRNA synthetase gene. And there it was." To set aside any doubts they might have had about the role of...

Adult stem cell research at UB targets damaged hearts

...aged animals may be used. "In the long-term, the translation between the MSC-based therapy in the porcine hibernating myocardium and regenerative medicine for humans with chronic coronary artery disease will lead to optimized MSC therapeutics that can be of clinical value in managing aging and curing disease,"...

Infected for life

...mall piece of the LAT gene. It interferes with the translation of two cell proteins that are required for cell death: TGF-b and SMAD-3. The LAT miRNA binds to specific sequences of messenger RNA from these two genes and causes them to be degraded. Thus, the amount of TGF-b and SMAD-3 protein is reduced in the ce...

miRNA-mediated silencing of mRNAs

...least two independent mechanisms: by repression of translation and/or by induction of mRNA degradation. This provides an explanation for changes in mRNA levels observed at least for a subset of miRNA targets." ...

RNA found in the cellular centrosome of surf clams

...ions in continuing studies. "Since RNA guides the translation of genes into proteins, knowing more about its role(s) in the centrosome may help researchers better understand the progression of diseases such as cancer, which has been linked to abnormal centrosome numbers in tumor cells," says Palazzo. The stud...

A splice of the action: Translational role for WT1 isoform

...mmarskjold's team now show that WT1(+KTS) promotes translation of target mRNAs by aiding in the transport and cytoplasmic stability of unspliced, intron-containing mRNA. Dr. Hammarskjold explains that "the general impact of this study is that it highlights the links that exist between transcription and post-tran...

Pair of microRNA molecules controls major oncogene in most common leukemia

...g them from producing messenger RNA or can inhibit translation of the genes by blocking production of proteins from messenger RNA, according to Pekarsky. Earlier this year the investigators provided the first direct evidence that over-expression of an miRNA molecule could result in development of cancer have si...

Researchers discover that sheep need retroviruses for reproduction

...rpholino antisense oligonucleotides, which inhibit translation of specific messenger RNA. When production of the envelope protein was blocked in the early placenta, the growth of the placenta was reduced and a certain cell type, termed giant binucleate cells, did not develop. The result was that embryos could...

Protein splicing upsets the DNA colinearity paradigm

...mbled in a linear fashion to form the template for translation from RNA to protein. "Until now it was thought that colinearity of DNA and protein sequences was only interrupted by RNA splicing," says LICR's Dr. Benoit Van den Eynde, the study's senior author. "This new study shows that protein splicing also o...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

...tes that gene eIF(iso)4G, involved in cellular RNA translation and named Rymv1, appeared to be the best candidate...hat the RYMV requires appears to be the eIF(iso)4G translation initiation factor coded by the Rymv1 gene which is probably involved in viral protein translation, b...

Brain tissue reveals possible genetic trigger for schizophrenia

...es of the protein coding mRNA, thus preventing the translation of mRNA to protein. When a cell needs certain proteins, the microRNAs may disconnect, thus allowing protein expression to resume. Using postmortem prefrontal cortical brain tissue of people with schizophrenia and persons who had no psychiatric i...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

... both its transcription into messenger RNA and the translation of that messenger RNA into functional proteins. ...ise the interesting possibility that regulators of translation could serve as therapeutic targets for the improvement of memory, for instance in human disorders as...

Aspirin discovery may improve cancer treatments

... salicylates results in the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2Ą, thus inhibiting protein synthesis," Professor Williams said. "Inhibiting or slowing down protein synthesis reduces the accumulation of incorrectly folded proteins in cells, which reduces cellular stress and allows protein...

To sleep, perchance to dream: New insight into melatonin production

...esis. The researchers found that rodent AANAT mRNA translation is mediated by IRES (internal ribosome entry site) elements in the 5' end of the transcript, through binding of another protein, called hnRNP Q. In fact, siRNA knock-down of hnRNP Q reduced AANAT and melatonin production under nocturnal conditions. ...

Newly identified mechanism for silencing genes points to possible anti-cancer strategies

...fere with gene transcription into messenger RNA or translation of messenger RNA into protein. In a new study p...were also acting in some other way to inhibit gene translation into protein. By tracking the associations between molecules involved in generating microRNAs and ot...

The sound of proteins

...n by a collaborator Frank Pettit, which uses their translation rules to convert amino acids into music and hope it will speed up the translation of large segments of genomes. Further examples of converted proteins and the computer program are ac...

Researchers shed light on mechanism of action used by anti-cancer drug

...ino acids. However, the mechanism by which protein translation was inhibited by sorafenib remained largely unknow...process that serves as a critical brake on protein translation in cells subjected to ER stress. Interestingly, they also found that sorafenib, by virtue of its abi...