single

Chemists create 'Superbowl' molecule; May lead to better health

... delivery and other useful applications. Whereas a single buckyball is designed to hold either a single atom or a hydrogen molecule, a superbowl molecule can hold large molecules of up to a hundred atoms,...

DNA Molecules Used To Assemble Nanoparticles

... the ends of their arms. It is possible to build a single dendrimer carrying many different kinds of molecul... by Choi. In a solution of two different kinds of single dendrimers, these dangling lengths of DNA, typically 34-66 bases long, found complementary sequences...

Researchers discover way to make cells in the eye sensitive to light

...light sensitive cells in the eye by switching on a single gene.According to research published online today ...s: "It is quiteremarkable that the activation of a single gene can create a functionalphotoreceptor. It is an important proof of principle that melanopsincan ...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...cted before and one hour after administration of a single intravaginal dose of PRO 2000 gel or a matched placebo gel. CVL specimens were tested for their ability to prevent HIV and HSV infection of susceptible human cells in culture. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were also measured as markers of acute in...

Newly-discovered class of genes determines ?and restricts ?stem cell fate

...earch is conceptually new since he suggests that a single gene can both tell a cell what it should become an...te by preventing differentiation. The ability of a single biochemical factor or complex of factors to have this dual role may represent a new general paradigm...

Male circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission from women to men

...erall probably of becoming HIV-infectedfollowing a single act of intercourse was calculated to be .0063, orone in 160. Uncircumcised men had a more than two-fold increased riskof infection per sexual act compared with circumcised men--one in 80versus one in 200. Past studies have also found greater HIV infe...

Another Look Finds Promising Proteomics Test is Not Biologically Plausible

...e the concentration of hundreds of proteins from a single sample. In short, it does this by using an electri...ducible patterns. In 2003, they reported finding a single pattern involving 18 peaks (or unidentified proteins) that could diagnose ovarian cancer across two ...

New species from old data

...e the concentration of hundreds of proteins from a single sample. In short, it does this by using an electri...ducible patterns. In 2003, they reported finding a single pattern involving 18 peaks (or unidentified proteins) that could diagnose ovarian cancer across two ...

Cracking the olfactory code in bees

...e the concentration of hundreds of proteins from a single sample. In short, it does this by using an electri...ducible patterns. In 2003, they reported finding a single pattern involving 18 peaks (or unidentified proteins) that could diagnose ovarian cancer across two ...

Signaling protein builds bigger, better bones in mice

...e the concentration of hundreds of proteins from a single sample. In short, it does this by using an electri...ducible patterns. In 2003, they reported finding a single pattern involving 18 peaks (or unidentified proteins) that could diagnose ovarian cancer across two ...

Inexpensive, mass-produced genes core of synthetic biology advances at UH

...program the chemicalsynthesis of entire genes on a single microchip.Xiaolian Gao, a professor in the departm...findings onhow to mass produce multiple genes on a single chip are described in apaper titled “Accurate multiplex gene synthesis from programmable DNAmicrochi...

Whole genome fine map of rice completed

...ts. More importantly, the on-going duplications of single genes provided a unlimited source of raw materials for gene genesis, creating differences among the grass family. The Chinese Superhybrid Rice Genome Project, initiated by BGI in 2000, focused on the hybrid rice "Liang You Pei Jiu" as the basic rese...

Breakthrough Microarray-based Technology for the Study of Cancer

..., enabling CGHresearchers to reliably identify the single copy deletions inchromosomes that have been the most difficult to detect.Additionally, the technology allows for the use of total genomic DNA todetect chromosomal changes across the entire genome. The Platformenables amplification or non-amplificatio...

The transparent organism: EMBLEM and Carl Zeiss give labs a unique look at life

...ecular biology has graduated upwards from studying single molecules - now we need to watch complex, three-dimensional processes in whole, living organisms. SPIM allows us to do that with unprecedented quality." In a series of technical innovations, Stelzer and his colleagues (in particular Jim Swoger and J...

Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue

...d bone were a house being renovated by replacing a single brick at a time without tearing the whole structure apart. Schwarz's studies with mice showed their dead splints were quickly converted to new, healthy bone. He projects that the bone would be completely converted in just a year, and that a human bo...

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...ransfer. "Our research shows that the impact of a single farm is far reaching," says lead author Marty Krkosek. "Sea lice production from the farm we studied was four orders of magnitude - 30,000 times - higher than natural. These lice then spread out around the farm. Infection of wild juvenile salmon was ...

Clam embryo study shows pollutant mixture adversely affects nerve cell development

...d dyes toshow the presence of neurotransmitters in single neurons. "We'veactually taken superlative three-dimensional pictures where we go rightthrough the embryo," says Reinisch. The sequence of images yields athree-dimensional representation of the embryos' developing neurons.Reinisch and company examined...

Study identifies predictors of HIV drug resistance in patients beginning triple therapy

...d dyes toshow the presence of neurotransmitters in single neurons. "We'veactually taken superlative three-dimensional pictures where we go rightthrough the embryo," says Reinisch. The sequence of images yields athree-dimensional representation of the embryos' developing neurons.Reinisch and company examined...

New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species

...s linked the Omo hominids, true Homo sapiens, to a single period in time. “Some have considered Omo I to be more ‘modern?in appearance,?says Mark Weiss, the NSF officer who oversaw this research. “It’s fascinating that we can now see that these two rather different individuals were living at the same tim...

Muscle-targeted gene therapy reverses rare muscular dystrophy in mice

...ential to reverse the course of the disease with a single treatment," Koeberl said. The researchers delivered the glycogen-degrading enzyme with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. AAV is not associated with any known human disease. The DNA coding for the enzyme was linked to a specialized DNA "promote...

Poplar trees redirect resources in response to simulated attack

...ulses of carbon-11-labeled carbon dioxide gas to a single intact leaf of a poplar sapling and taking a snapshot of the distribution of carbohydrates that incorporated the C-11 radiotracer via the process of photosynthesis one hour later. Panel A shows the distribution of carbohydrate in the untreated plant ...

Protein Packages Found To Activate Genes; May Be What Regulates Development And Disease

...rough, however. "Most prior studies involved only single genes, but we wanted to investigate entire chromosomes, which contain hundreds of genes," Bernstein notes. He and Schreiber enlisted the help of Affymetrix, which makes so-called "gene chips" that rapidly scan millions of small sections of chromosom...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

... the nucleus had not been previously detected. Any single base in the genome can be transcribed into several different transcripts with different, but overlapping sequences. Often, transcripts from one strand of DNA can share parts of their sequence with overlapping transcripts from the same strand or even ...

ASU researchers finds novel chemistry at work to provide parrot's vibrant red colors

...ts are able to do this. "The fact that there is a single set of molecules unique to and widespread among parrots, suggests that it is a pretty important evolutionary novelty, and one we should carefully consider when we think about why parrots are so strikingly colorful," McGraw said. McGraw has been stud...

Transport System Smuggles Medicines Into Brain

...ts are able to do this. "The fact that there is a single set of molecules unique to and widespread among parrots, suggests that it is a pretty important evolutionary novelty, and one we should carefully consider when we think about why parrots are so strikingly colorful," McGraw said. McGraw has been stud...

Gene Vaccine Protects Mice Against Development Of Her2/neu Breast Cancer

...nated the mice three times with VRP-neu, and “nota single mouse developed a tumor,?says Lachman.Lachman suggests the vaccine might prove helpful in keeping humanHER2/neu tumors from metastasizing, or spreading, but adds that thisnotion must be tested in human clinical trials.Lachman believes that the vaccin...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...synthesized quickly and inexpensively to silence a single gene. Promising targets could include viruses like HIV and hepatitis C or cancer-causing oncogenes. An RNAi-based treatment for age-related macular degeneration is already in clinical trials." Ruvkun is a professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical Scho...

A comprehensive response to HIV could prevent 10 million AIDS deaths in Africa by 2020

...nated the mice three times with VRP-neu, and “nota single mouse developed a tumor,?says Lachman.Lachman suggests the vaccine might prove helpful in keeping humanHER2/neu tumors from metastasizing, or spreading, but adds that thisnotion must be tested in human clinical trials.Lachman believes that the vaccin...

Ants Genetic Engineering Leads To Species Interdependency

...ss a combination of genes from the two species ina single individual.It is not currently known whether the ants benefit from having hybridsdo the work, but, as is evident from the researchers' own attempts atselective breeding and genetic engineering, combining genomes is aneasy way to produce novel charact...

Introduced foxes transformed vegetation on Aleutian Islands from lush grasslands to tundra

...coauthor of the paper. "Most seabirds only have a single offspring each year, so their capacity for population increase is quite low. The foxes are mostly off the islands now, but we will probably continue to see the effects for a long time," Estes said. In addition to Croll and Estes, the authors of the ...

Researchers trace evolution to relatively simple genetic changes

... work, scientists have now found that changes in a single gene can produce major changes in the skeletal armor of fish living in the wild. The surprising results, announced in the March 25, 2005, issue of journal Science, bring new data to long-standing debates about how evolution occurs in natural habitat...

Octopuses occasionally stroll around on two arms, UC Berkeley biologists report

... work, scientists have now found that changes in a single gene can produce major changes in the skeletal armor of fish living in the wild. The surprising results, announced in the March 25, 2005, issue of journal Science, bring new data to long-standing debates about how evolution occurs in natural habitat...

Development of portable infectious disease detector

...ble. Instead of trying to squeeze everythingonto a single chip, Pria designers started with a desktop diagno...e capability to capture, manipulate, grow andstudy single living cells in extraordinarily small containers--volumesthat are barely larger than the cells thems...

Jumping gene helps explain immune system's abilities

... to build many different proteins from a specific, single set ofinstructions -- the key to recognizing a million immune-stimulatingproteins. But until now, no jumping gene was known to behave just right. Writingin the Dec. 23 issue of Nature, the researchers show that a jumpinggene called Hermes, still act...

UCSD Discovery Shows How Embryonic Stem Cells Perform 'Quality Control' Inspections

... to build many different proteins from a specific, single set ofinstructions -- the key to recognizing a million immune-stimulatingproteins. But until now, no jumping gene was known to behave just right. Writingin the Dec. 23 issue of Nature, the researchers show that a jumpinggene called Hermes, still act...

Scientists document complex genomic events leading to the birth of new genes

...genes with more than one copy in humans but only a single copy in all other species tested. They then turned their attention to the gene that exhibited the most dramatic of these duplications: RanBP2. RanBP2 is the largest protein found at the nuclear pore complex, helping to regulate nucleic acid and prote...

New therapy for HIV/AIDS eliminates needles and excessive toxicity

... to build many different proteins from a specific, single set ofinstructions -- the key to recognizing a million immune-stimulatingproteins. But until now, no jumping gene was known to behave just right. Writingin the Dec. 23 issue of Nature, the researchers show that a jumpinggene called Hermes, still act...

Nano-Probes Allow an Inside Look at Cell Nuclei

... enough to detect biological events carried out by single molecules. In contrast, conventional labels such as organic fluorescent dyes and green fluorescent proteins only fluoresce for a few minutes at a high resolution. These labels are also either toxic to cells or difficult to construct and manipulate. ...

Gene sequencing explains bioremediation 'bug'

... to build many different proteins from a specific, single set ofinstructions -- the key to recognizing a million immune-stimulatingproteins. But until now, no jumping gene was known to behave just right. Writingin the Dec. 23 issue of Nature, the researchers show that a jumpinggene called Hermes, still act...

The Shapes Of Life: NIGMS Project Yields More Than 1,000 Protein Structures

...aneously, cutting the time it takes to determine a single protein structure from months to days. For example, a robotic arm drops protein solution into thousands of tiny wells for crystallization trials, and an imaging system quickly scans the wells looking for signs of crystal formation ?key to capturing p...

New insight into people who 'see' colors in letters and numbers

...l come from a homogeneous population. "The use of single case studies in synesthesia is also of concern because the results obtained with one synesthete may not generalize to other synesthetes. The researchers concluded that "Our results suggest that synesthetic colors lead to improved behavioral performa...

Novel ultrafast laser detection of cancer cells also may improve understanding of stem cells

...reagents. The technique generates a laser beam in single human cells pumped from a flask through tiny micro...echnically put, "To rapidly assess the health of a single mammalian cell," says Gourley, "the key discovery was the elucidation of biophotonic differences in ...

Duke Chemists Isolating Individual Molecules Of Toxic Protein In Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Disease

...gured out how to capture and "micromanipulate" the single molecular building blocks of the deposits. Their ...rce microscope (AFM) to capture, isolate and study single molecules, called monomers, that are the building blocks of the toxic protein polymers known as amyl...

Simple drug has the potential to save many lives threatened by malaria

...y experts in an accompanying editorial. Although a single trial of this size cannot alone be the basis for policy change, rectal artemisinins might be one safe and effective way to reduce the risk of children dying before reaching hospital. Providing effective antimalarial treatment close to home to reduce...

Study of genomic DNA leads to new advances in cancer diagnostics

...ty of a cell's chromatin by exposing the cell to a single extracellular matrix molecule or by disrupting any of three cytoskeletal systems, which link the outside of the cell to the genome. Using this information, Dr. Maniotis's group developed a new kind of extracellular matrix chip (patent pending) that i...

New Treatment Rivals Chemotherapy For Lymphoma, Study Finds

... treated with any other form of therapy received a single course of treatment with the Bexxar therapeutic regimen, a radioactive antibody injected into the bloodstream that targets and kills cancer cells. Of the 76 patients enrolled in the study, 95 percent responded to the treatment and 75 percent had a co...

International HapMap consortium expands mapping effort

... of 1 million markers of genetic variation, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The consortium's new goal is to build an improved version of the HapMap that is about five times denser than the original plan. This "Phase II" HapMap will take advantage of the rapid, high-throughput genotyping capa...

Nonlinear Dynamics announces more details of its global partnership with PerkinElmer

...nElmer said, "PerkinElmer was eager to establish a single strong proteomics software and bioinformatics partner going into 2005 and beyond. In entering this collaboration with Nonlinear, we are firmly endorsing Nonlinear Dynamics as that partner. The product and corporate synergies between PerkinElmer and N...

Supercomputer Dedicated To Bioengineering, Computational Biology Installed

...he dedication of UCSD's new cluster computer. "No single computational model spans all these biological scales, but this powerful new cluster will enable us to integrate models over many of these scales, which will make it possible for us to predict, in some cases, the clinical consequences of specific gen...

Pathogen-Mimicking Vaccine As Strategy For Cancer Therapy

...dinated vaccine development approach that compares single vaccine variables in parallel. "We've identified m...hat have been tested in other trials. By comparing single variables in parallel we believe we can develop effective cancer vaccines in a much shorter time tha...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...t makes a bacteria tick than they can learn from a single sequence. Derrick Fouts and his colleagues have taken this comparative approach with Campylobacter. Infection with a Campylobacter species is one of the most common causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis. In the US, 15 out of every 100,000 people...

Potential treatments for neurofibromatosis

... the most common neurological disorder caused by a single gene. Some NF 1 mutations are inherited, but the NF1 gene is so large that many mutations occur spontaneously rather than being passed from parent to child. Everyone has two copies of the NF 1 gene, which produces a protein called neurofibromin that...

Variation in women's X chromosomes may explain differences among individuals, between sexes

...le levels among females, while all males express a single copy of such genes. "We now know that 25 percent of the X chromosome -- 200 to 300 genes ?can be uniquely expressed in one sex relative to the other," Willard said. "In essence, therefore, there is not one human genome, but two -- male and female. ...

Hirsute Or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell The Difference

... complex, three-dimensional structures emerge from single sheets of cells is a fundamental question in developmental biology. The dispensability of hair follicles makes them the perfect model system for studying this question—specifically, how structures and organs develop from buds. In a new study, Elaine ...

Gene Signatures Predict Interferon Response For Multiple Sclerosis Patients

... outcomes. They looked for patterns in analyses of single genes, gene pairs, and gene triplets, and found their model's predictive accuracy increased with gene number. They also looked for genes that showed different expression patterns over the two years based on patient response, time passed, and patient ...

Wisconsin researchers identify sleep gene

...edical School have identified for the first time a single gene mutation that has a powerful effect on the am...team, revealed that their Shaker genes contained a single amino-acid mutation. Because of the mutation, a functional ion channel could not be formed on the ce...

Controlling protein diversity

...called coactivators control the process by which a single gene can initiate production of several proteins in a process called alternative splicing, said Baylor College of Medicine researchers in a report that appears in today's issue of the journal Molecular Cell. "A major question in biology today is how ...

Discovery Promises Simpler Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

...ms, despite the fact that the disease stems from a single genetic defect, Stamler said. "This finding, if verified in clinical trials, could change physicians' approach to sickle cell disease," Stamler said. "Current efforts for managing the disease completely miss the role that red blood cell-derived nitr...

Stem Cell Research Shows Potential for Replacing Tissue Damaged in Heart Attacks

...termine how ES cells could be forced to become one single homogenous group of healthy cardiac myocytes to replace the damaged cells. To address this problem, Dr. Lough looked at the way cardiac myocytes develop in the embryo itself. In research conducted on chick embryos since 1992, his team discovered tha...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

The first direct evidence that a single protein is critical in the cellular export of iron...re any excess iron. Earlier work had identified a single protein that imports iron into cells. However, the evidence for ferroportin's role in exporting iron...