reactive

Taking Aim With Nanoparticle PEBBLEs

...tach to the outside of the targeted cell and shoot reactive oxygen species into it, setting off "an avalanche of damage," said Kopelman. By staying outside the cell, PEBBLEs avoid a problem that thwarts many chemotherapy drugs. "The really bad cancer cells get immune to chemotherapy drugs ?they pump the drug...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

... work with me, but if you don't have enough of the reactive species in your blood, then it may not generate adequate nitric oxide levels and it may not prevent clotting," said Meyerhoff. To get at these questions, the researchers have developed a way of measuring the amount of nitrosothiols in blood samples, ...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

...nd abundant in the environment, but it's also very reactive and damaging when in excess," said Nancy Andrews, senior author of the study. "Mammals have therefore evolved mechanisms to get enough iron from the diet, but not too much." Iron is an essential ingredient of hemoglobin, the protein molecule in red ...

Scientists discover how plants disarm the toxic effects of excessive sunlight

...lternate form of singlet oxygen, which is a highly reactive and toxic substance that destroys biological molec...hemselves from singlet oxygen, says Donohue. Other reactive oxygen species - often called "free radicals" - are thought to be at the root of many debilitating d...

Medical molecules designed to respond to visible light that can penetrate tissue

... Os and Ru polyazine light absorbers and Rh and Pt reactive sites: Applications in solar energy conversion and photodynamic therapy (INOR 410)," will be presented at 4:50 p.m. Monday, March 14, in Convention Center Room 4. Co-authors are chemistry Ph.D. students Mark Elvington of Blacksburg, Va. and Ran Miao ...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

...acked by T cells in type 1 diabetes, also generate reactive compounds similar to those made by antigen-presenting cells. "The beta cells could therefore be modifying their own proteins in the same way that antigen-presenting cells are modifying foreign proteins," he says. "We're now investigating whether suc...

Atmosphere may cleanse itself better than previously thought

...ncisco said. "For that, the atmosphere relies on a reactive group of chemicals called OH radicals that attach ... tough to get a handle on them because they are so reactive ?which means they vanish fast ?and also because we don't have complete knowledge of all the sources ...

Amazon source of 5-year-old river breath

... is dynamic, which could make the system much more reactive to deforestation and climate change." For example, data from a region of active deforestation in the southern Amazon already shows that the carbon leaving rivers has an identifiable isotopic signature of pasture grasses. "You're changing the land u...

Researchers extend mouse lifespan by protecting against free radicals

...al theory of aging. The theory suggests that very reactive chemicals, called "free radicals," can be damaging to the body at the cellular level. Those reactive chemicals can take part in unnecessary chemical reactions that can damage the cell components, inclu...

Bacteria feed on smelly breath (and feet)

...hat are linked to bad breath. These smelly, highly reactive 'one-carbon' compounds are naturally produced from the breakdown of sulphur-containing amino acids in the mouth. Dr Ann Wood and her colleagues at Kings College, London, reported these findings in the August issue of Environmental Microbiology. The ...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

... that change prompts cells to produce fewer of the reactive free radical molecules. The symptoms of aging become pronounced with the loss of some critical cells, notably adult stem cells from some tissues and that are essential for replacing cells that die. "If these stem cells are lost, tissue structure and...

Study uncovers dirty little secret: Soil emissions are much-bigger-than-expected component of air pollution

... said. Nitrogen oxides comprise a group of highly reactive gases containing nitrogen and oxygen in varying amounts. Besides producing ozone smog, they help form the dirty brown clouds that often hang over major cities, they contribute to acid rain and they play a role in global climate change. In addition t...

A radical solution for environmental pollution

...toral fellow Chunhua Qiao. Free radicals---highly reactive chemical species that have been implicated in agin...izing these very inert compounds is to harness the reactive chemistry of free radicals. To a chemist it's an elegant solution to a difficult problem---even if w...

Researchers Discover Gene That Determines Asthma Susceptibility By Regulating Inflammation

...nto the airways. These “inflammatory?cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing the airway lining to swell and restrict. ROS is thought to cause lung tissue damage as well. ROS levels are normally offset by antioxidants in non-asthmatics. Recently, researchers have been hunting for novel genes that ...

New factor implicated in allergy and asthma attacks

... extract containing NADPH oxidase produce damaging reactive oxygen species in cell culture and, in experiments...m which NADPH oxidase had been removed produced no reactive oxygen species, and resulted in a much smaller increase in numbers of inflammatory immune cells. "W...

Dangerous tricksters: Some bacterie use immune cells to reproduce

...the phagosome and confront the microbe with highly reactive digestive enzymes. A few hours after the first alarm bells have rung there is nothing left of the bacterium, and the potential danger has been eliminated. Multiplication inside the killer This is what normally happens. However, a whole range of p...

Gene Expression in the Aging Brain

...done to DNA and proteins by “free radicals,?highly reactive molecules produced by the metabolic activity of mitochondria. This damage is expected to reduce gene expression by damaging the DNA in which genes are encoded, and so the theory predicts that the most metabolically active tissues should show the gre...

Navigating the brain for sense of direction as paradigm for higher cognitive functions

...done to DNA and proteins by “free radicals,?highly reactive molecules produced by the metabolic activity of mitochondria. This damage is expected to reduce gene expression by damaging the DNA in which genes are encoded, and so the theory predicts that the most metabolically active tissues should show the gre...

Carnegie Mellon scientists create PNA molecule with potential to build nanodevices

...done to DNA and proteins by “free radicals,?highly reactive molecules produced by the metabolic activity of mitochondria. This damage is expected to reduce gene expression by damaging the DNA in which genes are encoded, and so the theory predicts that the most metabolically active tissues should show the gre...

Phenolic compounds may explain Mediterranean diet benefits

...d pressure cuff. The response is known as ischemic reactive hyperemia. Poor responsiveness to this sort of blo...ty are behind the observed improvement in ischemic reactive hyperemia," Dr. Pérez Jiménez said. Dr. Pérez Jiménez said that olive oil may be superior to seed o...

UCR environmental scientists propose chemical solution to cleaning California's Salton Sea

...mer acts as a coagulant aid by chemically bridging reactive groups and increasing floc size. ...

A biosensor layered like lasagna

...ntists have used electrostatic attraction to layer reactive biological molecules lasagna-like around spaghetti-like carbon nanotubes. This configuration can accommodate a wide range of applications, from ultra-precise blood-sugar monitoring to infectious-agent detection, said Yuehe Lin, who led the research...

New drug could reduce tissue damage after heart attack

... a new drug that inhibits the adverse effects of C reactive protein (CRP), a protein that contributes to tissue damage in heart attacks and strokes. The findings, published in the journal Nature, suggest that targeting CRP may produce both immediate and long-term clinical benefits following a heart attack. ...

Light activated anticancer drug targeted to DNA using cisplatin like sub-units

...metal Ru-Pt complexes: Coupling light absorbers to reactive metal centers" (INOR 105) at 3:30 p.m., Sunday, March 26, at the Georgia World Congress Center room B408. Co-authors are Matthew T. Mongelli, postdoctoral associate in chemistry at Virginia Tech, and Brewer. ...

New compound protects against liver cancer

...ers. "When cells become inflamed, they can produce reactive molecules, called free radicals, that can damage DNA and promote cancer development," explained Kensler. "CDDO-Im can also inhibit cancer formation by interfering with this inflammatory process." Because it can stimulate the body's defense mechanism...

'Genetic network' guards against lethal DNA damage

...ry for reducing the intracellular levels of highly reactive molecules that bind to and damage DNA. The yeast has about 6,000 genes, of which about 1,000 are essential to survival and 5,000 are not, Boeke said. Specifically, 1,000 of the 5,000 non-essential genes are important enough so that the yeast grows s...

For the first time: Longevity modulated without disrupting life-sustaining function

... into toxic clumps and marauding parasites. Highly reactive molecules known as free radicals also unleash DAF-16. If the worms are having a good day in a favorable environment, but for some reason DAF-2 signaling gets turned off precociously, the worms reap the benefit of increased stress resistance and dou...

Berkeley researchers lay groundwork for cell version of DNA chip

...ls, which are naturally non-adherent. Without the reactive phosphines, there was no detectable attachment of DNA to cell surfaces above background levels. Once it was established that cell surfaces could be coated with single-stranded DNA, Chandra worked with Douglas to demonstrate that this adhesion system...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

... ATP during hypoxia. These toxic molecules, called reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage molecules in the cell... itself during hypoxia, the mitochondrion produces reactive oxygen species that threaten the life of the cell. "But our discovery clearly shows that hypoxia d...

Biomarkers may hone anti-aging therapies

...ration includes, as a byproduct, the production of reactive oxygen species, which can damage the DNA present in mitochondria, Sligh said. Some theories of cellular aging -- why and how cells age -- center on mitochondria and decreased energetic capacity resulting from mitochondrial DNA mutations, Sligh expla...

Oxidation defense in mosquitoes benefits malaria parasite

...iological condition, stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species, which can damage cells," said Li. ... accumulation of 3-HK by converting the chemically reactive 3-HK to the chemically stable XA via transaminase-mediated reactions," said Li. The protein descri...

In-home sensors spot dementia signs in elderly

... by ORCATECH are "a critical precursor of changing reactive health care to proactive care for individuals." A more proactive health care approach may be essential to managing the rising cost of health care for aging baby boomers. And "being able to stay at home and maintain independence represents a signif...

Many cleaners, air fresheners may pose health risks when used indoors

...ed indoors ?in particular, products that contain a reactive group of chemicals called terpenes. Ethylene-based glycol ethers are common, water-soluble solvents used in a variety of cleaning agents, latex paints and other products. They are classified as hazardous air pollutants under the U.S. Environmental P...

UCI scientists find chlorine may contribute to ozone formation

...h hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. OH is a highly reactive molecule made of oxygen and hydrogen that forms ph...circulation and trap pollutants. Ozone is a highly reactive and unstable gas that damages living cells. Even low levels of ozone can harm the upper respiratory ...

NYU researchers decorate virus particles, showing potential to enhance MRI capabilities

... because they contain a large number of chemically reactive groups organized in a very precise array. Other researchers have recently sought to enhance MRI capabilities through the use of similar large molecular assemblies by increasing the size, and therefore signal, of MRI contrast agents. They have also tr...

Free radical cell death switch identified

...process, which results in the generation of highly reactive oxygen molecules that inflict cellular damage by reacting with biomolecules including DNA, proteins, and lipids. A lifetime of oxidative stress leads to general cellular deterioration associated with aging and degenerative diseases. How the oxidativ...

What animals can tell us about hemorrhage, organ transplants and aging

...age caused to cells by rogue oxygen atoms known as reactive oxygen species -- shortens lifespan. Animals that could best prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, neutralize them, or repair the damage it causes, would live the lon...

Antioxidant protects against lung damage in silicosis

...ase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant that protects against reactive oxygen species (damaging oxygen molecules that cau...ants. Crystalline silica induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which can cause scar tissue to develop in the lungs. About 1 million workers ar...

UCLA researchers unravel a mystery about DNA

...nd of the gene within itself and past the enzyme's reactive center to form the RNA product. These changes are inconsistent with other theories that had suggested that RNAP moves along the DNA strand as a complete block in a process resembling the movement of an inchworm. The research team is comprised o...

Particle size matters to bacteria ability to immobilize heavy metals

...face area, they provide bacteria a large amount of reactive sites," said Bose. "These particles are reduced by biological and non-biological methods. Different metals, including toxic heavy meals, are adsorbed onto these nanoparticles. When the iron oxides precipitate, they absorb the metals. When they dissol...

Engineer ramps up protein production, develops versatile viral spheres

...or the first time, but also have attached uniquely reactive amino acids to the capsid surfaces. Theamino acids allow the capsids to either stick to and carry specific proteins orstick to other capsids, allowing their assembly en masse. The tiny spheres could therefore transport targeted vaccines or medicine...

SARS: No evidence that any of the treatments worked

...ploits a new finding in a mouse model that lack of reactive oxygen species makes arthritis worse rather than, as had been expected, better in a mouse model with arthritis. Reactive oxygen species are thought to be important in defense against pathogens. The researcher tested phytol, which increased oxidative ...

Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells

...ogen, increases levels of harmful chemicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the prostate gland that pl...has demonstrated that androgen treatment increased reactive oxygen species levels in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, but, until now, the pathway invol...

New UD technology removes viruses from drinking water

...nd the College of Engineering, incorporates highly reactive iron in the filtering process to deliver a chemical "knock-out punch" to a host of notorious pathogens, from E. coli to rotavirus. The new technology could dramatically improve the safety of drinking water around the globe, particularly in develop...

Non-GMO solution to seafood allergies

...and irradiation significantly reduced the level of reactive proteins called allergens. They took blood from pa...irradiation damages the proteins, revealing hidden reactive amino acid residues. Subsequent heating then destroys the exposed residues. "Radiation and heat seem...

Scripps Research study reveals new activation mechanism for pain sensing channel

...helps transmit pain signals, is a direct sensor of reactive chemicals. "While many noxious and pungent compou...ense cysteine modifications. In fact, any cysteine reactive agent seems to activate TRPA1, although we don't know exactly how cysteine binding translates into i...

A steady, high-fat diet is bad, but the news gets worse

...hat even a single, high-fat meal can make you more reactive to stress, it’s cause for concern because it suggests a new and damaging way that a high-fat diet affects cardiovascular function." In the study, 30 healthy young adults fasted the night before, then consumed either a high- or low-fat breakfas...

Triplex assay used to assay duplex genomic DNA

...get, which renders the duplex nucleic acid readily reactive to oligo ssDNA probes. Any sequence present in the duplex may be specifically assayed. It is surmised that specific third strand binding creates additional grooves into which additional YOYO-1 molecules intercalate. "We have decided not to focus o...

Scientists find new genes for Crohn's disease

...NCF4 gene indicates that the production of altered reactive oxygen species, which are important in the generation of a protective response against microbes, may lead to an increased risk of developing the condition. Particularly interesting to the authors was the association between Crohn's and variations ...

Molecular differences between early and advanced melanomas could provide new drug targets

...Akt overexpression was the increased production of reactive oxygen (ROS). Reactive oxygen is created during ce...wth melanoma cells into highly invasive tumors via reactive oxygen pathways," says Dr. Arbiser. "This could provide us with promising targets for anti-cancer d...

Soft-cell approach cuts animal tests

...rea-to-mass ratio that can make the particles very reactive or catalytic. Being so small, they may also be able to pass through cell walls in organisms, and their reactions inside the body are relatively unknown. "These tiny new substances are the tip of a huge chemical iceberg," says Hayes, Manager of th...

LIAI completes world's most comprehensive analysis on influenza virus data

...nable the successful development of a highly cross reactive influenza vaccine that would protect against many viruses. And, in fact, the study found only one epitope that has been published, which appears to be an ideal candidate for creating a multi-strain influenza vaccine. Regarding gaps in knowledge of...

New player in commitment to life as a fat cell

...olism of purines into uric acid, the production of reactive oxygen species, and its involvement in gout. It has never been looked at in the context of fat development before." The findings further suggest that adipose-tissue XOR may be a contributing factor to other symptoms commonly seen in obese individu...

Scientists find genes involved in the battle between Hessian flies and wheat

...mpounds, Shukle said. These compounds, also called reactive oxygen species, can be produced either by the plant or within the Hessian fly larval digestive system. These poisons then disrupt the insects' gut function. "The larvae probe the plant to open a sustained feeding site," said Jonathan Neal, a ...

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...ve stress occurs when cells are poisoned by highly reactive forms of oxygen. Previously, it had been assumed that oxidative stress in neurons was initiated primarily by mitochondria, which process oxygen for energy within cells. The paper appears in the April 2007 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investig...

No magic tomato? Study breaks link between lycopene and prostate cancer prevention

...Antioxidants protect against free radicals, highly reactive atoms and molecules that can damage DNA and other important molecules in the cell. Since free radical damage increases with age, there has been a long-held suspicion in the scientific community that free radical damage could increase the risk of pros...

Traumas like Sept. 11 make brains more reactive to fear

...ppled on Sept. 11, 2001, have brains that are more reactive to emotional stimuli than those who were more than 200 miles away. That is the finding of a new Cornell study that excluded people who did not have such mental disorders as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression. One of the first ...

Scientists discover rare 'gene-for-gene' interaction that helps bacteria kill their host

...ects use an enzyme called phenoloxidase to produce reactive molecules that kill bacteria and then encapsulate them in a dense coat of black pigment called melanin. The researchers found that Photorhabdus produces a special phenoloxidase inhibitor to protect itself against this particular defence. They i...

Researchers identify protein pathway involved in Parkinson disease development

... Oxidative stress is the damage caused to cells by reactive oxygen produced during oxygen metabolism. Although cells have mechanisms in place to protect against oxidative damage, this system can break down in the face of environmental challenges or genetic mutations. The Emory researchers found that ...

Progress toward an antitumor vaccine

...cause the protein portion of the molecule has many reactive groups that are attacked in the coupling reaction. “In addition,” says Kunz, “many of the structures that make suitable anchors are themselves highly immunogenic, which can suppress the immune response against the true target, the glycoprotein.” T...