principle

Researchers discover way to make cells in the eye sensitive to light

...nctionalphotoreceptor. It is an important proof of principle that melanopsincan make non-light sensitive cells receptive to light, and although nota cure, could have applications in treating some forms of blindness."Dr Rob Lucas, from the University of Manchester, and one of the paper'sauthors, adds: "The disc...

Yellowstone microbes fueled by hydrogen, according to U. of Colorado study

...namic models to find out ifhydrogen was indeed the principle source of energy. "You can smellsulfide in the air at Yellowstone, and the accepted idea was thatsulfur was the energy source for life in the hot springs," Spear said.Not so, according to the team's computer models built on fieldmeasurements of hydro...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

...o-author of the study. "This study establishes the principle that genetic differences between patients do influence variation in response to anti-epileptic drugs for patients with epilepsy. "In time, we hope to have a number of such gene variants that together can explain and predict more and more of the vari...

Scientists develop new color-coded test for protein folding

...nfolds. The new technique, which works on the same principle as ordinary pH tests that measure the acidity of water, is described in the March 2005 issue of the journal Chemistry and Biology. "What we've developed is a simple and inexpensive sensor for determining when a protein changes its conformation," sai...

Open microfluidic and nanofluidic systems

...ithographic methods, represent an appealing design principle for such microcompartments and, thus, provide a ne...iquid in a convenient manner. An appealing design principle for such microcompartments is based on open and, thus, directly accessible surface channels which ca...

FDA Approves New Drug to Treat Type I and Type II Diabetes

...RiskMAP) due to three areas of concern. First, the principle risk associated with Symlin therapy is hypoglycemia, and this risk is greatest in patients with type 1 diabetes and in patients with gastroparesis (motility problems of the stomach-a long-term complication of diabetes). Second, the potential for medi...

Self-assembled nano-sized probes allow Penn researchers to see tumors through flesh and skin

...rodent. Their findings, which represent a proof of principle for the use of emissive polymersomes to target and visualize tumors, appear in the Feb. 7 online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. "We have shown that the dispersion of thousands of brightly emissive multi-porphyri...

Silence the gene, save the cell: RNA interference as promising therapy for ALS

...le delivery mechanism. "This is the first proof of principle in the human form of a disease of the nervous system in which you can silence the gene and at the same time produce another normal form of the protein," notes Patrick Aebischer, EPFL President and a co-author of the study. ALS is a progressive neuro...

Confocal imaging promises early detection of skin cancer

...ople who were not experts in the field ?proved the principle of confocal imaging. “We demonstrated our system can detect skin cancer earlier than existing techniques. It can also generate data at least as good as that achieved by a biopsy,?says the coordinator. He adds that today’s best skin cancer detection ...

Microarrays as phenotype

... support for these findings." "This is a proof of principle that we set out to do ?assessing the function of unknown genes is feasible," said Shaulsky. "It can be done with a microarray phenotype." Others who participated in the research included Drs. Nancy Van Driessche, Ezgi O. Booth, Paul Hill and Adam Ku...

DOE JGI launches IMG public online microbial genome data clearinghouse

...lopment effort. "This goal follows the fundamental principle that the value of genome analysis depends on the q... Data System groups. "The IMG system champions the principle of integration in an evolutionary context" said Kyrpides. "This is critical for enabling the generat...

Amazon symposium to address large-scale conservation

...d a new era of natural resource destruction as the principle industries driving deforestation (cattle ranching and soybean farming) are strengthened by expanding world markets for open-range beef and grain. The paving of highways into the heart of the region will facilitate the export of Amazon products to wor...

DNA constraints control structure of attached macromolecules

...and Miduturu are currently using RNA as a proof of principle for their DNA constraint studies, they also plan to use the new technique to more effectively study the folding process of RNA. Because they can control RNA structure precisely, they could generate and examine biologically relevant folded and misfold...

UN successfully tests 'green' pesticide against locusts

...and Miduturu are currently using RNA as a proof of principle for their DNA constraint studies, they also plan to use the new technique to more effectively study the folding process of RNA. Because they can control RNA structure precisely, they could generate and examine biologically relevant folded and misfold...

Health costs soar as 60 million Americans classed as obese

...and Miduturu are currently using RNA as a proof of principle for their DNA constraint studies, they also plan to use the new technique to more effectively study the folding process of RNA. Because they can control RNA structure precisely, they could generate and examine biologically relevant folded and misfold...

Bacterial genome sheds light on synthesizing cancer-fighting compounds

...e lab, the team demonstrated an important proof of principle for the biosynthesis of naturally occurring marine products." ...

Bioinformatics reveals new gene regulation system

...raining center of bioinformatics. "It's a proof of principle that you can go a very long way by comparative genomics now." Their findings will be published in the July issue of Trends in Genetics, with early publication now online. Gelfand is presenting the work on June 24, 2005, at the annual meeting of HHMI ...

New type of rejection blocker protects kidneys after transplant

...atment for transplant recipients based on this new principle of inducing immune tolerance of the transplanted organ. If belatacept and similar drugs live up to their promise, they will usher in a new paradigm for organ transplantation," Vincenti said. Instead of sending patients home with a collection of medic...

Compound from Chinese medicine shows promise in head and neck cancer

...Dentistry and the U-M Medical School. To test the principle that Bcl-xL and non-mutant p53 determine resistance to cisplatin in head and neck cancer cells, lead study author Joshua Bauer, a U-M graduate student in pharmacology, overexpressed Bcl-xL in tumor cells with mutant or non-mutant p53. Only cells with...

MERIS monitoring tracks planetary photosynthesis levels

...e. Grid computing takes its name and organising principle from the electricity grid: anything one computer can do, a pool of computers can do faster and better. These machines do not have to be in the same building, country or even continent ?they simply have to be linked together. A Grid provides its user ...

Sleeping beauty plays a significant role in identifying cancer genes

... But as Largaespada pointed out, "We have proof of principle that we're on the right track. We know that some of the same genes that are mutated in cancer in mice using Sleeping Beauty are also mutated in the same form of cancer in humans. An example is the Notch1 gene, which was mutated in 50 percent of mice ...

Targeting a key enzyme with gene therapy reversed course of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models

...mer's disease. "What we are showing is a proof of principle that stopping the synthesis of a protein that is necessary for the formation of the telltale plaques reverses the progression of the disease, and more importantly, the cognitive function of these mice, which had already been impaired, has now recover...

Retina adapts to seek the unexpected, ignore the commonplace

...e of the journal Nature on their finding that this principle of novelty-detection operates in many visual environments. "Apparently our thirst for novelty begins in the eye itself," says Markus Meister, the Jeff C. Tarr Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology in Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. "Ou...

Water management in cells

... around the cell leads to an influx of water. This principle is known as osmosis. Cells activate various channels to remove excess water and salt or osmotically active particles from the cell. Tomassen studied cells that are highly sensitive for osmotic disruption. He discovered that cells permeable for wate...

North & South American researchers find architectural abnormalities in T. cruzi ribosome

...n into protein in all organisms," Frank said. "The principle is always the same in plants, bacteria, and humans... the experiment, using a technique that works on a principle similar to a medical CAT scan. First, the researchers freeze an ultrathin layer of buffer with puri...

Grasshopper love songs give insight into sensory tuning

...ress connections. Some four decades ago, a general principle called the "efficient coding hypothesis" was formulated, holding that sensory systems adjust to efficiently represent the complex, dynamic sounds, sights, and other sensory input from the environment. Writing in the August 4, 2005, issue of Neuron, ...

Gene therapy works in mice to prevent blindness that strikes boys

...ion supported the research. "We now have proof of principle that gene therapy can basically prevent retinoschisis," said Stephen Rose, Ph.D., chief research officer for the Maryland-based Foundation Fighting Blindness. "Furthermore, this therapy apparently demonstrates that even if disease has begun, there is...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...hains as long as 4 to 5 units, we provide proof of principle that further extensions should also be tolerated," Klimasauskas said. Due to their sequence-specific nature, the scientists found that methyltransferases have a distinct advantage over other commonly used labeling techniques for DNA and other biopo...

Mammalian Transcriptome Mapped

...anscriptional landscape of mammals shows this same principle may be used by nature on a massive scale to extensively modulate the gene expression within in our cells. It's still unclear whether the majority of antisense sequences are involved in regulation or in some other biology, he adds, but this result is...

Tsunami + 1 year: Reviving exhausted fisheries should trump replacing boats, gear, experts say

...on." And Indonesia has agreed that a key guiding principle is to "consider environmental sustainability throughout" and to use fisheries management tools prevent over-fishing. "Given the likely depletion of fish stocks in the tsunami affected areas, what is certain is that these conditions cannot be met by ...

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

...anner over an extended period of time. The study principle investigator Dr Omid Farokhzad from Harvard Medical School, USA, commented, "Our tumour reduction data in mice using bioconjugates which have the chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel, encapsulated within the nanoparticles are remarkably promising. In cl...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

...anner over an extended period of time. The study principle investigator Dr Omid Farokhzad from Harvard Medical School, USA, commented, "Our tumour reduction data in mice using bioconjugates which have the chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel, encapsulated within the nanoparticles are remarkably promising. In cl...

Bees solve complex colour puzzles

...surface when the global illumination changes is in principle an easy problem to solve, since all vision needs to do is adapt itself to the scene's average colour, a bit like adapting to the darkness of a cinema. Far more difficult is to recognise the surface or object under multiple lights simultaneously, sinc...

Living taste cells produced outside the body

...ance or block different kinds of tastes," explains principle investigator Nancy Rawson, PhD, a cellular biologist. "In addition, the success of this technique may provide hope for people who have lost their sense of taste due to radiation therapy or tissue damage, who typically lose weight and become malnouris...

Predicting success

...s a chemotherapy drug crosses into a tissue on the principle of concentration equalization ?the material diffuses from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration until the concentrations become equal all around. However, in some cancers, even though the material "wants" to spread out evenly, flu...

Scientists design potent anthrax toxin inhibitor

...says the recent experiments demonstrate a proof of principle and suggest that polyvalent inhibitors could be used along with antibiotics in a clinical setting. Aside from its inherent toxicity, anthrax toxin also accelerates the disease process. Thus, combining antibiotics with a toxin inhibitor might act syne...

Stanford study of owls finds link in brain between sight and sound

..."What our experiment demonstrates is a fundamental principle of how the brain pays attention," said the paper's...d ignore others. "Now that we have found that the principle applies in owls as well as monkeys, we can figure out the mechanisms of how the brain manages attent...

Basic research leads to a novel cancer therapy

...s growth, and shrinks its tissue. This fundamental principle led to the development of SUTENT®, whose active ingredient is Sunitinib. SUTENT® was recently approved for clinical use in the United States, and it is expected to be brought onto the German market this year. When particular growth factors are bound...

Movement of chromosome in nucleus visualized

...ofessor of cell and developmental biology at UIUC, principle investigator and co-author of the study. It was clear that this was directed movement that required a motor, Belmont said, because the chromosome was moving in a nearly straight line perpendicular to the nuclear envelope. The chromosome traveled furt...

Deep-rooted plants have much greater impact on climate than experts thought

... lift water from the soil to great heights using a principle called hydraulic lift, with energy supplied by evaporation of water from leaf openings called stomata. Twenty years ago, however, some small plants were found to do more than lift water from the soil to the leaves - they also lifted deep water with t...

High-resolution light microscope reveals the fundamental mechanisms of nerve communication

...on of STED microscopy can be further increased, in principle to reach molecular scales. The STED microscope has opened a new chapter in the story of light microscopy, one in which the fundamental questions of biological processes at the nanoscale can potentially be answered with focused light. ...

Macrophage signaling may affect hormone resistance in prostate tumors

...and Metabolism, and Moores Cancer Center. Rose is principle investigator of the study, to be published in the Feb. 10 issue of the journal Cell. "These findings are exciting because we have shown on the cellular level that, when the immune cells interact with the tumor cells, the result essentially negates t...

Molecular mechanism may explain how fevers spark seizures

... and now that we know a vulnerable step, we can in principle design therapeutic strategies to overcome it." ...

Mayo Clinic researchers challenge sepsis theory

...ing a bacterial infection, as the accepted medical principle holds, or -- as the Mayo Clinic team theory suggests -- it also can occur when substances the body makes act like the bacterial poisons. The Mayo investigators suggest that some or even many cases of sepsis may actually be caused by these normal body...

Mutation in blood stem cells provides clues to cancer development

...ouston to help expedite these trials. The study's principle investigator was Irving L. Weissman, M.D., Director, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Virginia & D.K. Ludwig Professor for Clinical Investigation in Cancer Research at Stanford University. Additional contributors...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

... Taken together, the papers demonstrate a general principle with real importance for cancer patients, Chin said. "Robust, stringent and biologically relevant systems for filtering, annotating, and prioritizing the efforts of cancer geneticists and biologists will be essential to facilitate and accelerate t...

Marine 'dead zone' off Oregon is spreading

... the Valley Professor of Marine Biology at OSU and principle investigator for PISCO, also said that the biological monitoring of species health and impacts in the nearshore Pacific Ocean is "grossly inadequate," making it difficult to evaluate the long-term impacts of low-oxygen and other events. ...

Study finds how organs monitor themselves during early development

...on works--what works for the fruit fly is the same principle that nature has put in place for us," says Dr. Gilboa. The implications of this study are not limited to the ovary, since the mechanism the scientists unearthed sheds light on how an organ--any organ in the body--grows. This work, says Dr. Lehmann...

Mechanism identified for promising neurological drug

...s the results have implications beyond the general principle that "it helps to know how a drug is working." One is potentially negative. "In blocking PARP-1, you block DNA repair," he cautions. "That will likely be true of minocycline. And in blocking DNA repair you conceivably increase the risk of cancer. In...

UF scientists restore sight to chickens with blinding disease

...rnal Public Library of Science-Medicine, proves in principle that a similar treatment can be developed for an incurable form of childhood blindness. "We were able to restore function to the photoreceptor cells in the retinas of an avian model of a disease that is one of the more common causes of inherited bli...

Neurons grown from embryonic stem cells restore function in paralyzed rats

...stration of functional restoration is proof of the principle and an important step forward. We must remember, however, that we still have a great distance to go," says Elias A. Zerhouni, Director of the National Institutes of Health. "This study provides a 'recipe' for using stem cells to reconnect the nervou...

Connect the Quantum Dots

.... This research proves this important fundamental principle and lay the necessary groundwork for researchers to further improve its sensitivity, stability and reproducibility for biomedical applications. "Our method has a long-term impact on biomedical diagnostic applications which currently rely on the flu...

UGA researchers find that hunting can increase the severity of wildlife disease epidemics

...s that they didn't take into account an ecological principle known as compensation. When a portion of the animal population is reduced, those that survive are left with more resources such as food and shelter. As a result of the newly plentiful resources, the death rate decreases and the birth rate increases, ...

Bacteria give up secrets in war waged on plants

...ops. Human bacterial pathogens use a similar basic principle to cause diseases. "Bacterial diseases are generally difficult to control," said He, who works in the MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory. "Molecular studies such as this one may help develop novel disease control measures in the fut...

UCSD researchers develop 'smart petri dish'

...orm many more thorough tests." "You could also in principle use this to identify metastatic cancer cells circulating in a patient's blood," Sailor adds, "by putting blood samples from a patient onto the crystal and comparing them to normal blood samples." In addition, says Michael Schwartz, a postdoctoral sch...

Copying nature could save us energy, study shows

...s at the University of Bath is helping extend this principle to more advanced engineering challenges. Researchers are currently looking at the desert cockroach (to develop a new kind of dehumidifier technology), insect sense organs (for structural health monitoring) and the egg-laying organ of a wood-wasp (fo...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

...ty study has found. "This work provides proof in principle that pharmacological inhibition of calpain may be used to block cell death in situations where this is not desirable, such as in neuronal cells of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's patients, but to promote cell death in cancer cells where this is clearly a ...

Beauty and the brain

...ent," Winkielman says, and would "get at a general principle of cognition" ?Winkielman and his colleagues first "prepared" participants' brains to perceive a prototype and then asked them to categorize different degrees of variations around that same prototype and rate their appeal. "As predicted," the rese...

Molecular anatomy of influenza virus detailed

...three-dimensional imaging method based on the same principle as the well-known clinical imaging technique called computerized axial tomography, but it is performed in an electron microscope on a microminiaturized scale. ...

Researchers create genetically matched embryonic stem cells for transplantation

...14. Though done in mice, the work establishes the principle of using unfertilized eggs as a source of customized embryonic stem cells that are genetically matched to the egg donor at the genes that control recognition of cells by the immune system, making them potentially useful for transplantation therapies....