prevalence

Tiny particles could solve billion-dollar problem

... hazardous chemicals at these sites because of its prevalence and its toxicity. Human exposure to TCE has been linked to liver damage, impaired pregnancies and cancer. Cleanup costs for TCE nationwide are estimated in the billions of dollars. The Department of Defense alone estimates the cost of bringing its 1...

Scientists detect probable genetic cause of some Parkinson's disease cases

...y, Ph.D., a programdirector at NINDS. "Because the prevalence of this mutation is 5percent in families with a history of the disease and it is relativelycommon even among those without a family history, it's possible thatdetecting this mutation will help identify people at increased risk forParkinson's disease....

HIV Infection Still On The Rise

...ess, the latest figures show a 20% increase in the prevalence of HIV in 2003 and 2004 compared with 2002, partly because of infections acquired abroad. Furthermore, each newly diagnosed HIV patient consumes £12,500 in healthcare costs each year, while the lifetime costs of care for the current 50,000 infected ...

Antibiotic might fight HIV-induced neurological problems

...e people are living with HIV longer than ever, the prevalence of neurological damage is increasing. Currently, there's no drug to treat it directly." In use for more than 30 years, minocycline was specifically designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, the biological "wall" that limits what can pass from the b...

US life expectancy about to decline, researchers say

...o obesity and combining that with estimates of the prevalence of obesity in younger generations, the authors wer...ncalculable," Ludwig said. "The rapidly escalating prevalence of childhood obesity and its most feared complication, Type 2 diabetes, raises the prospect of heart...

How the environment could be damaging men's reproductive health

...nd Finland[2] suggests that a higher than expected prevalence of cryptorchidism (undescended testes) in Lithuani... in Finland. "However, our results showed that the prevalence of cryptorchidism at birth in Lithuania was 5.7%, which was lower than in Denmark (9%), but higher t...

Surprising findings reported about iron overload

...od is surprising because they also have the lowest prevalence of the particular gene mutation that is found in C...e study include: * Caucasians had the highest prevalence of persons who had two copies of the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene (4.4 per 1,000 people). * Pr...

New online portal merges vast data on Gulf of Maine ecosystem

...ntified in the various regions of the Gulf, or the prevalence of different species of fish in the different areas of the Gulf, and how abundance and distribution is changing over time. And the data can be mined and combined to examine more complex relationships, such as the way the abundance of one species may ...

HIV-1 spread through six transmission lines in the UK

...ic, where the number of transmitted infections and prevalence in 1995 reached 5000 and 200,000 infections respectively. The most recent transmission chain identified by the study shows a faster doubling time in 2003 than the other five. Current surveillance data shows a recent increase in infections amongst ho...

Canadian youth 4th highest in international obesity study

....3 per cent). The three countries with the highest prevalence of obesity were Malta (7.9 per cent), the United S...per cent), and England (5.1 per cent). The highest prevalence of overweight youth was found in Malta (25.4 per cent), the U.S. (25.1 per cent), and Wales (21.1 pe...

Yeast Network Prevents Damage By Oxygen Radicals

...tors to signs of premature aging, increased cancer prevalence linked to inflammation-associated syndromes and a variety of human diseases. Now scientists at the University of California, San Diego Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) have identified a key network of DNA repair and cell cycl...

NIAID begins clinical trial of West Nile virus vaccine

...ufactures the experimental vaccine. "Although the prevalence of West Nile virus disease fluctuates seasonally and regionally, it continues to pose a serious public health threat, especially to older adults and people with weakened immune systems," says Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the NIAID. WNV, initi...

Norovirus found to cause traveler's diarrhea

...erseas. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of Norovirus infection among civilians traveling from industrialized to developing countries," said Kellogg J. Schwab, PhD, corresponding author of the study and an assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Johns H...

New strategies to reduce hospital-aquired infections

... with weakened immune systems. By all accounts the prevalence of infections caused by some of the most potential...uired) infection as a result of recognition of the prevalence and risks posed by waterborne pathogens. However, he noted, there is a great deal more to be done. ...

Distributed Basic Local Alignment Search Toolkit (W.ND-BLAST)

... with weakened immune systems. By all accounts the prevalence of infections caused by some of the most potential...uired) infection as a result of recognition of the prevalence and risks posed by waterborne pathogens. However, he noted, there is a great deal more to be done. ...

Owl genomics presents a HEPATOCHIP for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

... type-2 diabetes are associated to NASH. Since the prevalence of these diseases is increasing, the prevalence of NASH is also expected to increase and therefore, this disease has become an emerging public issue...

Ebola virus: from wildlife to dogs

...rom 9 % in the two large cities of Gabon, antibody prevalence goes up to 25 % in the untouched villages of the epidemic area, reaching 32 % in the villages where human cases have been attributed to an infected-animal source. These domestic animals could therefore become infected and excrete virus over a given p...

Bugs, even 'bad' ones, can be educationally beneficial, new book says

...g healthy tissue intact. Because of the increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance, the therapy has been used recently to replace antibiotics. Since retiring in 1995, Waldbauer has written several books, including "The Handy Bug Answer Book," "What Good are Bugs" and "Insects Through the Seasons." He is now...

Life detection instrument passes key test on road to Mars

...n Mars. "We feel that measuring homochirality - a prevalence of one type of handedness over another - would be absolute proof of life," said Mathies, professor of chemistry at UC Berkeley and Skelley's research advisor. "We've shown on Earth, in the most Mars-like environment available, that this instrument is...

Two studies document rise of superbugs in the environment

...ical Center and Harvard Medical School studied the prevalence of bacteria resistant to three or more drugs over a six-year period. From 1998 to 2003, there was a significant increase in the incidence of patients carrying MDR bacteria when they were admitted to the hospital. Of the four species of MDR bacteria t...

Scalpel-free surgery could reduce risk of HIV and hepatitis exposure for health care workers

... in the United States, little is known about their prevalence in patients undergoing surgery. Now, researchers have shown that nearly 40 percent of surgeries at The Johns Hopkins Hospital occur in patients who tested positive for a bloodborne germ. "While these rates are alarming, they are not entirely unexpec...

Logging changed ecological balance for monkeys, damaged health

...had been removed. "We saw dramatic changes in the prevalence of infection and in the frequency of multiple infe...tes doing poorly in logged areas had a much higher prevalence of parasitic infection and more types of parasites affecting them simultaneously." Gillespie and co...

Affymetrix and ParAllele Launch Industry's Most Comprehensive Product Line for Targeted Genotyping

...had been removed. "We saw dramatic changes in the prevalence of infection and in the frequency of multiple infe...tes doing poorly in logged areas had a much higher prevalence of parasitic infection and more types of parasites affecting them simultaneously." Gillespie and co...

President Bush's cut to AIDS prevention in Africa would be devastating

...had been removed. "We saw dramatic changes in the prevalence of infection and in the frequency of multiple infe...tes doing poorly in logged areas had a much higher prevalence of parasitic infection and more types of parasites affecting them simultaneously." Gillespie and co...

UQ researcher tracking key to healing the brain

...mine, for the first time, the precise location and prevalence of neural stem cells in situ, which in turn will allow us to determine more rapidly and accurately the role played by stem cells in the mammalian brain and spinal cord under normal conditions and following injuries." He said at the moment, scientis...

Genetic variation alters response to common anti-clotting drug

... certain population groups tended to have a higher prevalence of a particular VKORC1 variation. While Asian Americans generally had the low-dose variation, African Americans had the high-dose version. European Americans fell in the middle. Although Rettie and Rieder said there's a high probability that genetic...

Agricultural antibiotic use contributes to 'super-bugs' in humans

...biotics for growth promotion, say the authors, the prevalence of resistant bacteria declined in farm animals, retail meat and poultry, and within the human general population. This provides evidence that antibiotic resistant bacteria can move between animals and humans. The exact effects of agricultural antibi...

Experimental shingles vaccine proves effective in nationwide study

...population increases, it is highly likely that the prevalence of shingles will increase. A preventive shingles vaccine would be an enormous boon for the health and quality of life of seniors," says Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., NIAID director. "We are extremely gratified that this public-private partnership has led t...

On a wing and a prayer - Alaska researchers seek clues to bird flu

...of the (UA) program is to assess the diversity and prevalence of avian influenza in Alaska's bird populations," said Jonathan Runstadler, veterinarian, assistant professor of molecular biology at UAF's Institute of Arctic Biology, and a lead scientist on the Avian Influenza Program. Runstadler along with biolo...

Asian immigrants in NYC not receiving HIV education at religious institutions

...lleagues found, and most respondents said that HIV prevalence was relatively low or nonexistent in their respective communities. Others felt the community would be too uncomfortable discussing HIV in a religious setting, largely because Asians generally consider sex outside of marriage, homosexuality, and drug ...

Bacteria in Household Dust May Trigger Asthma Symptoms

...trong association between endotoxin levels and the prevalence of diagnosed asthma, asthma symptoms, asthma medic...higher endotoxin concentrations experienced higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Endotoxins are found in the cell wall of bacteria and are only released wh...

Agricultural workers at increased risk for infection with animal flu viruses

... with swine or bird flu viruses. To determine the prevalence of swine influenza infection among swine-exposed employees, the researchers, led by Dr. Gray and graduate student Kendall P. Myers, examined serum samples taken from four adult populations in Iowa between 2002 and 2004. Three populations were occupat...

Zinc supplements safe for HIV-infected children

...se zinc supplementation in populations with a high prevalence of HIV infection can and should be implemented, and can be done so now that we know zinc does not have an adverse effect on HIV replication. Also, in light of the fact that zinc is known to reduce episodes of diarrhea and pneumonia, zinc supplementat...

2005 AIDS figures released by WHO and UNAIDS

...s in the Caribbean region all show declines in HIV prevalence over the past few years with overall adult infecti...003 to 21% in 2004. In urban areas of Burkina Faso prevalence among young pregnant women declined from around 4% in 2001 to just under 2% in 2003. These latest f...

Earliest European Farmers Left Little Genetic Mark On Modern Europe

...s in the Caribbean region all show declines in HIV prevalence over the past few years with overall adult infecti...003 to 21% in 2004. In urban areas of Burkina Faso prevalence among young pregnant women declined from around 4% in 2001 to just under 2% in 2003. These latest f...

No link found between caffeine intake and development of hypertension in women

...le in the United States have hypertension, and the prevalence is increasing, according to background information...t failure. Therefore, even small reductions in the prevalence of hypertension could have a potentially large public health and financial impact. Several previous...

Children overprescribed antibiotics for sore throat

... children with sore throat, exceeding the expected prevalence of strep throat, and used nonrecommended antibioti... prescribing rate continues to exceed the expected prevalence of GABHS, and physicians continue to select unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotics. Unnecessary an...

Hepatitis B accounts for 40 percent of 'missing' Asian women

... the population is infected. Using data on viral prevalence by country as well as estimates of the effect of hepatitis on birth sex, Oster concludes that hepatitis B can account for about 45 percent of the "missing women" ?or, more specifically, for as many as 50 percent of the "missing women" in Egypt and We...

New research examines genetics of successful aging

...y women have lived longer than men on average, the prevalence of numerous serious diseases differs in men and women, and there are important differences in age-related physiological changes that occur between the sexes over the life span," said Dr. Zubenko. "It would not be surprising if the collection of gene...

Performing monkeys in Asia carry viruses that could jump species to humans

...lity rate. The researchers still do not know the prevalence of such simian viruses across larger urban performing monkey populations in Indonesia, or elsewhere in Asia. Urban performing monkeys can be found in India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan and Korea. They hope to learn more about the risk o...

Preclinical study of a new brain tumor therapy

...eatments stop the cancer from recurring. Given the prevalence of EGFR in cells of other cancer types (such as breast cancer and lung cancer), the approach pioneered in this study may be applicable to other forms of cancer as well. ...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...these children occur, the report finds. Both high prevalence rates and larger numbers of births contribute to t...prepared for the March of Dimes report details the prevalence rates and the numbers of affected births in 193 countries. The data collected include information o...

Contagious obesity? Identifying the human adenoviruses that may make us fat

...cine formulation," Greenway wrote. "Human antibody prevalence in obese and lean human populations appears to be ...rcise may be at work in the obesity epidemic. "The prevalence of obesity has doubled in adults in the United States in the last 30 years and has tripled in childr...

Liver cancer linked to cellular repair pathway

... One reason for the rising rates is the increasing prevalence of obesity, which raises the risk of liver cancer five- to six-fold, said Anna Mae Diehl, M.D., chief of Duke's gastroenterology division and senior author on the study. The liver's attempts to repair itself and regenerate new tissue after injury ca...

Immune response to HIV in the brain

...ople are living longer with the virus, the overall prevalence of neuroAIDS appears to be increasing. "Now that we're better at treating the immune/viral aspect of HIV, in many ways [AIDS] has turned into a chronic disease," says Fox. "The fact that many of the antiretroviral drugs do not show good penetration...

Experimental vaccine protects nonhuman primates when given after exposure to Marburg virus

...ople are living longer with the virus, the overall prevalence of neuroAIDS appears to be increasing. "Now that we're better at treating the immune/viral aspect of HIV, in many ways [AIDS] has turned into a chronic disease," says Fox. "The fact that many of the antiretroviral drugs do not show good penetration...

Learning to love bacteria: Stanford scientist highlights bugs' benefits

...as clean water and pasteurization are adopted, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has declined. On the one hand, this has been accompanied by a drop in the incidence of gastric cancer and ulcers. On the other, there has been an increase in esophageal cancer. H. pylori appear to protect against cancer of the ...

Scientists look to the Bahamas as a model for coral reef conservation

...as clean water and pasteurization are adopted, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has declined. On the one hand, this has been accompanied by a drop in the incidence of gastric cancer and ulcers. On the other, there has been an increase in esophageal cancer. H. pylori appear to protect against cancer of the ...

Melanoma vaccine strategy shows promise in laboratory experiments

... to recognize the BRAFV600E peptide. Combining the prevalence of the peptide among melanoma patients ?about 70 percent ?with the number of patients whose immune cells are able to respond to the peptide suggests that a vaccine based on BRAFV600E could treat approximately a third of all melanoma patients. Herlyn...

Skin disease common among Hispanic farmworkers in North Carolina, research shows

...by a dermatologist with the goal of estimating the prevalence and predictors of skin disease. The results are reported in the May issue of the Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. A second study, which involved in-depth interviews with 30 farmworkers from across the state, was designed to determine worke...

Ocean virus identified in human blood samples

... humans." "This research also shows an increasing prevalence of Vesivirus antibody in persons who have hepatiti... states had antibodies to Vesivirus, with antibody prevalence in various herds ranging from zero to 80 percent. It concluded that Vesivirus infection in cattle is...

Rutgers researchers find fat gene

...alth objectives for the year 2010 is to reduce the prevalence of obesity among adults to less than 15 percent. ...

Less antibiotic use in food animals leads to less drug resistance in people, study shows

...uinolone use in animals may have a drug resistance prevalence of up to 29 percent. Ciprofloxacin can be used to treat severe Campylobacter disease, so a low level of bacterial drug resistance should lead to better treatment efficacy. "There are different causes that lead to bacterial antibiotic resistance, and...

Access to antiretrovirals unlikely to reduce HIV infection rates

... stages of the disease) was likely to increase the prevalence of HIV infection, as these people live longer and ...y develop the symptoms of AIDS, the outcome on HIV prevalence depends critically on the behavior of these individuals. These results suggest that provision of A...

Outsmarting the smartie bug

...s to see if changes of capsular types or increased prevalence of the rarer serotypes result in any increase in disease by serotypes not included in the vaccine. "We must always be vigilant to changes in the properties of microorganisms when we introduce new vaccines or antibiotics. This catalogue will help u...

Drug-resistant bacteria patterns in intensive care units changing nationally

...ntrol the spread of infection. "We know that the prevalence of community MRSA varies widely in local geographic areas, so it is important that doctors be aware of what is happening in their community," Dr. Klevens said. ...

Tandem transcripts team together

...tigations of specific regions may reveal a greater prevalence of TIC events genome-wide. Sorek's team unraveled an interesting gene fusion event involving genes called PIP5K1A and PSD4 , which reside side by side on human chromosome 1. These genes produce a fusion product that, during the course of evoluti...

Gene variation increases SIDS risk in African Americans

...k to Sleep" campaign, begun in 1994, which cut the prevalence of SIDS in half by teaching parents to put babies to sleep lying on their backs. The campaign was based, in part, on the assumption that babies sleeping on their bellies had more spells of interrupted breathing or apnea. One of the immediate conseq...

HIV decline in Zimbabwe linked to behavioural change

...there has been an almost 50 percent decline in HIV prevalence in some groups, which the researchers attribute to... and having fewer casual partners. They found HIV prevalence fell most steeply at young ages, with a drop in prevalence of 49 percent for women aged between 15 a...

Hopkins study suggests commercially available antibiotic may help fight dementia in HIV patients

...sed availability of effective HIV treatments), the prevalence of HIV dementia is on the rise since people are living longer with HIV. "We hope this research might help many patients with other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's, and infections of the brain, like herpes encephalitis and West Nile encephalit...