pool

A new mechanism of regulating RNA degradation

...y interact with the bait will be pulled out of the pool of cellular proteins. They found that Upf1 grabbed onto Staufen1 (Stau1). Stau1 is a well-known RNA binding protein and some of its functions in the common fruit fly Drosophila are understood. "But no one knew what Staufen1 did in human cells," said...

FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials

...y interact with the bait will be pulled out of the pool of cellular proteins. They found that Upf1 grabbed onto Staufen1 (Stau1). Stau1 is a well-known RNA binding protein and some of its functions in the common fruit fly Drosophila are understood. "But no one knew what Staufen1 did in human cells," said...

Scientists discover the cellular roots of graying hair

... Thesecells were discovered by Nishimura in 2002.A pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells resides in the hairfollicle, and during the hair’s grow-and-rest cycle, the stem cellsgive rise to color-making melanocytes that journey to the bottom of thehair follicle: That is where they tint the keratino...

Fundamental Finding Yields Insight into Stem Cells, Cancer; Opens Door to Drug Discovery

... Thesecells were discovered by Nishimura in 2002.A pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells resides in the hairfollicle, and during the hair’s grow-and-rest cycle, the stem cellsgive rise to color-making melanocytes that journey to the bottom of thehair follicle: That is where they tint the keratino...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a new approach for directing treatment to metastasized prostate cancer in the bones.

... Thesecells were discovered by Nishimura in 2002.A pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells resides in the hairfollicle, and during the hair’s grow-and-rest cycle, the stem cellsgive rise to color-making melanocytes that journey to the bottom of thehair follicle: That is where they tint the keratino...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

...distinct regions of the genome, creating a complex pool of overlapping transcription. While the team validated many known protein-coding transcripts that contribute to this complex pool, they also discovered that: Seventy-five percent of all of the RNA that were exclusively found in the nucleus had not ...

Scientists document complex genomic events leading to the birth of new genes

...cations, most often by deleting them from the gene pool or by degrading them into non-functional pseudogenes. This is because fully functional duplicated genes, in combination with the corresponding parent gene, produce abnormally abundant quantities of transcripts. This overexpression often alters the fr...

Ophthalmologists Use Artificial Silicon Retina Microchip To Treat Vision Loss

... indefinitely. The patients were recruited from a pool of about 5,000 applicants. The implants are designed for people with retinal diseases such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, which cause blindness and vision impairment in about 10 million Americans. More than one million of these pe...

Ophthalmologists implant five patients with artificial silicon retina microchip

... indefinitely. The patients were recruited from a pool of about 5,000 applicants. The implants are designed for people with retinal diseases such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, which cause blindness and vision impairment in about 10 million Americans. More than one million of these pe...

New lab technique identifies high levels of pathogens in therapy pool

... the microbe population in a warm hospital therapy pool through a ribosomal RNA analysis that involved clo...d microbe-culturing techniques used at most indoor pool facilities today, the researchers said. The two-year study involved a molecular survey of a common R...

UCSD-Salk Team Show Protein’s Gene-Silencing Role In Development of Nervous System

...nes. “These findings suggest a way to expand the pool of neuronal stem cells, which could lead to new therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders,?said the study’s senior author, Gordon Gill, M.D., UCSD professor of medicine. The ability of SCPs to silence genes was first shown by Gill and his po...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...n acute mononucleosis-like illness and a pervasive pool of latently infected B cells. The episome maintenance protein in MHV-68 and KSHV is called ORF73. None of the viruses can maintain latent infections with deficient episome maintenance proteins. Stevenson and colleagues first demonstrated that ORF73 ...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...n acute mononucleosis-like illness and a pervasive pool of latently infected B cells. The episome maintenance protein in MHV-68 and KSHV is called ORF73. None of the viruses can maintain latent infections with deficient episome maintenance proteins. Stevenson and colleagues first demonstrated that ORF73 ...

Amazon source of 5-year-old river breath

...ga says. "If it's young, that indicates the carbon pool is dynamic, which could make the system much more reactive to deforestation and climate change." For example, data from a region of active deforestation in the southern Amazon already shows that the carbon leaving rivers has an identifiable isotopic...

Wild grasses and man-made wheats advance research capabilities

...ic variability I believe is necessary for the gene pool here." Karnal bunt, new races of Hessian fly, new leaf rust, stripe rust and Russian wheat aphid, as well as the need for more drought tolerance present challenges, he said. Progress in traditional breeding has been slow due to limited genetic varia...

MicroRNA tweaks protein that controls early heart development

...elopment to allow proliferation and expansion of a pool of muscle progenitor cells that can eventually dev... way to regulate protein levels. You can imagine a pool of messenger RNA ready to make a protein, and by virtue of a microRNA, that protein synthesis can im...

U of MN researchers reverse memory loss in mice

... the mice's spatial memory through a water maze--a pool of water with a submerged platform. The use of thi... find the platform. First the mice were put in the pool and allowed to learn where the platform is located. After they learn where the platform is, the plat...

MERIS monitoring tracks planetary photosynthesis levels

... electricity grid: anything one computer can do, a pool of computers can do faster and better. These machines do not have to be in the same building, country or even continent ?they simply have to be linked together. A Grid provides its user with massive amounts of memory and processing power in order to ...

Device traps, disables harmful bacteria

...ulate matter -- from the air of a hospital therapy pool using a new generation of hybrid filters. The bio...sols identified in the unnamed Midwestern hospital pool had sickened nine lifeguards who had become ill with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a lung condition ...

Women cautioned against using herbal supplements

...e do have adverse effects, there's no mechanism to pool that data." Warren said that researchers used to think that estrogen-like compounds from plants, called phytoestrogens, could possibly block the effect of estrogen in the body and perhaps reduce breast cancer risk. However, recent clinical studies h...

Menopause Symptoms May Come Back After Stopping Menopausal Hormone Therapy

...e do have adverse effects, there's no mechanism to pool that data." Warren said that researchers used to think that estrogen-like compounds from plants, called phytoestrogens, could possibly block the effect of estrogen in the body and perhaps reduce breast cancer risk. However, recent clinical studies h...

Scientists crack 40-year-old DNA puzzle and point to 'hot soup' at the origin of life

... into all life on earth, lived in a hot sulphurous pool or thermal vent. As it moved into cooler conditions, it was able to take up these two additional amino acids and evolve into more complex organisms. This provides further evidence for the debate on whether life emerged from a hot or cold primordial s...

Cattle grazing may help rather than hurt endangered species

...alifornia could, inadvertently, degrade the vernal pool habitat of fairy shrimp and tiger salamanders. Cattle grazing influences the rates of evaporation which work together with climate to determine the depth and duration of wetland flooding. Cattle have been grazing in the land for roughly 150 years a...

First big influenza genome study reveals flu evolution

...za subpopulations, or variant strains, represent a pool of genetic resources that the influenza virus can draw upon," says Salzberg, a researcher at TIGR and also director of the University of Maryland's Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. "Pockets of distinct flu strains spread locally, ...

Max Planck researchers make a breakthrough in plant stem cell research

...lar to cancer. On the other hand, if the stem cell pool shrinks too quickly, the plant could have stunted growth. In order to stay alive and reproduce, the plant needs to find the right balance in the number of its stem cells. Two regulatory mechanisms were found to be important for this process. The firs...

University of Arizona plant scientists to unravel maize genome

...UA team and its partners from a highly competitive pool of applicants including the Broad Institute and the U.S. Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute. The National Science Foundation has selected a consortium of four research institutions to sequence the maize genome: The University of Arizona,...

Wild Gorillas Handy with a Stick

... of a long-studied gorilla group) at the edge of a pool of water, “looking intently at the water in front of her.?Leah walked upright into the water, but stopped and returned to the edge when the water reached her waist. She then walked back into the water, grabbed a branch in front of her, detached it, a...

Scientists crack code for motor neuron wiring

...archy. "He found that the Hox proteins involved in pool identity are different from those involved in colu... halves of the limb; and finally, the motor neuron pool identity that governs the muscle target of each set of motor neurons. In a key set of experiments, D...

Study shows AIDS drugs cost-effective, care underfunded

...or providers to care for HIV patients. The current pool of providers is struggling to make ends meet. As they begin to retire, where will the new wave of physicians come from to replace them?" A commentary accompanying the HIV expenditure article, by Kenneth Mayer, MD, and Sreekanth Chaguturu, MD, of Mir...

Screening blood for West Nile virus

...blood recipients low would be to create a separate pool of blood reserved for those with a weakened immune...S, and others), the idea of creating a 'supersafe' pool of blood products that is reserved for people who are less able to fight off infections contracted t...

Study outlines genetic differences between potential pandemic influenza strains

...ousins. What this means, says Garten, is that the pool of H5N1 candidates with the potential to cause a human influenza pandemic is getting more genetically diverse, which makes studying the virus more complex and heightens the need for increased surveillance. She expects further continued diversity in ...

U-M scientists identify major psoriasis susceptibility gene

...and puzzling disease. "Access to a large, diverse pool of study subjects is vital to the success of this type of clinical research," Elder says. "We are grateful to the 5,000 people who have participated in our psoriasis study so far. It has been a collaborative effort involving physicians, scientists an...

Genomics-based vaccine could prevent deadly cattle disease

...tion signal. This set of genes provided a starting pool of candidate proteins. Based on further tests, the study's research team, led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) of Nairobi, Kenya, cloned 55 candidate antigen genes and screened those genes for response by killer T cells taken ...

Escapee farmed salmon infiltrate fitter wild populations

...ridisation with farmed escapees may alter the gene pool of wild salmon, reduce its fitness and accelerate its decline." ...

Losing sleep undoes the rejuvenating effects new learning has on the brain

...n one of two tasks using a water maze -- a plastic pool about six feet in circumference and two feet deep....s because the rat did not need a mental map of the pool to reach the platform, Hairston explained. Fewer brain cells for the weary At the end of each tr...

Study shows that cells have a natural defense against HIV

... in cells," Fishel says. "This process reduces the pool of HIV cDNA that can integrate into host chromosomes, thereby protecting cells from infection." The researchers are now working to learn how the proteins destroy the HIV cDNA. These studies could lead to drugs that might help the proteins destroy m...

MBL leads effort to update E. coli genome

... "We determined that we needed to get together and pool everything we know into one package. E. coli is one of the most important model organisms for molecular science today. Our work will help move this forward." A group of 19 scientists from four countries updated the annotation of E. coli K-12 at tw...

Researchers find molecular 'brake' to cell death

...eously begins to reduce the size of the nucleotide pool to allow CC to bind to Apaf-1, Tang says. The res...se of CC from malfunctioning mitochondria. A large pool of free nucleotides along with complete ATP molecules normally exists in a healthy cell so that just...

Marine 'dead zone' off Oregon is spreading

...h, crabs, and other marine life. "There is a huge pool of low-oxygen water off the central Oregon coast w...of consistent upwelling winds allowed a low-oxygen pool of deep water to build up. Now that the upwelling-favorable winds are blowing consistently, we're se...

Researchers add crucial information on how the body's T cells react to parasitic diseases

... expresses more than a thousand ts genes, and this pool varies from parasite to parasite--making this set of proteins a poor choice for vaccine development, Tarleton said. The importance of the new research, however, isn't in specifically what happens in T. cruzi and Chagas Disease. Rather, it is a new...

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

...ial application of therapies aimed at increasing a pool of cells that will become insulin-producing." ...

Carnegie Mellon researchers discover key deficiencies in brains of people with autism

...ions of three distinctive balls in three suspended pool pockets to match a specified pattern. This requires a person to strategize and plan several moves ahead. The experiment confirmed the authors' previous findings that people with autism suffer from a lack of synchronization among brain regions, whic...

Neural stem cell gene plays crucial role in eye development

...le SOX2 expression results in the neural stem cell pool to aberrantly differentiate into neurons during de...s disrupts the normal maintenance of the stem cell pool in the eye and disrupts the whole developmental process." A complete loss of SOX2 expression in neu...

Interfering RNA silences genes in 'slippery' immune cells

...y Dr. Finkel's team aims to extend RNAi to a wider pool of researchers by making the technique less expensive and more widely available, as well as adapting it to T cells, a cell type previously intractable to such manipulation. Their technique combines three technologies already accessible to lab investi...

Researchers discover how bacteria sense their environments

...1 percent, the equivalent of one drop diluted in a pool of a 1,000 drops. How do they do it? New Cornell research, highlighted on the cover of the May issue of Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, reveals that receptors assemble into a kind of cooperative lattice on a bacterium's surface to amplify ...

Caterpillars tell us how bacteria cause disease

...ns of species worldwide, insects provide a massive pool of hosts for bacterial diseases. The immune system of insects is very similar to the inborn immune system of mammals. By living first in insects some bacteria have evolved to survive immune system attack, so when they invade mammals they are equipped...

Climate experts search for answers in the oceans

...ments and allow researchers from various fields to pool their efforts in an attempt to understand how the climate is reacting to changes. "Clues to climatic changes may already be written on the oceans?surface. Because we now have detailed data that allow us to look for correlations, we are learning how ...

Researchers in Montréal and the US create model of key immune-system component

...s research in Québec and Canada have enabled us to pool our resources and apply promising new approaches like systems biology." As Dr. Stuart explains, "Phagocytes are immune system cells that internalize, kill, and digest bacteria within an intracellular compartment called the phagosome, a major battl...

Who gives stem cells their marching orders?

... attach to the wall of the uterus, to expand their pool of stem cells, and to let individual cells know where they are with respect to their neighbors. However, to carry out these tasks, the Nodal protein must be cleaved by specific enzymes. The enzymes act as a sort of regulatory switch, increasing the s...

Genome archaeology illuminates the genetic engineering debate

...ss species in general," Messing said. "The vast pool of genetic material in plants can be an important resource from which biotechnology can draw genes for insertion into an array of plants, generating unique genomes not achievable by conventional breeding," Messing said. "We could engineer plants to p...

Microbes compete with animals for food by making it stink

...ically used for bait -- that had been rotting in a pool of warm water ?some of it for one day and the rest for two days. They also baited other traps with freshly thawed menhaden, which contained relatively few microbes. Then they set the traps in the marshes near Skidaway Island and caught hundreds of st...

Reminding doctors which antibiotics to prescribe cuts C. difficile infection rates

...interventions in other hospitals would enhance the pool of good quality evidence on the best ways to change antibiotic prescribing. It would also enable meaningful comparisons between studies and interventions. The paper is intended to be an example of best practice for reporting such studies. Guideli...

Flavanols in cocoa may offer benefits to the brain

...n are paralleled by an increase in the circulating pool of nitric oxide, a critical molecule in the circulatory system that helps dilate blood vessels and keeps them pliable. Hollenberg fed flavanol-rich cocoa to healthy volunteers who were over age 50 and observed a “striking blood flow response?that e...

Out of Africa -- Bacteria, as well

...c bottlenecks: when a population shrinks, the gene pool also becomes smaller. These losses in genetic diversity linger, even when the population starts once again to increase in number. Since the Homo sapiens populations usually had to pass through several genetic bottlenecks on their way across the globe...

Twin studies reveal genetic components leading to cardiac and kidney disease

... Heredity and Kidney Disease The same twin pool study revealed the influence of heredity on renal protein (albumin) excretion. Excretion of the protein albumin in urine is one sign of kidney disease, which can be a complication of diabetes. "Normally kidneys filter the blood to rid the body o...

Researcher to study astronaut bone loss for space biology agency

...er two Fellows were chosen from among a nationwide pool of applicants. "The loss of mechanical forces on bone in the weightlessness of space dramatically weakens bone," says Long. "The ability of humans to conduct prolonged missions to the moon and Mars will require that the structural integrity of the...

Manipulating nature: Scientists query wildlife birth-control method

... engineering: "Immunocontraception alters the gene pool of the targeted species because those animals who are unresponsive are genetically unusual individuals," he says. "The job of the immunological system is to combat disease-causing organisms. But there is a danger that the selected minority might ...

Scientists seek useful traits in wild cottons

...al of useful traits lying undiscovered in the gene pool or germplasm of obsolete and wild cottons containe...ctions. These traits could help diversify the gene pool from which breeders draw new varieties in the future. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's ...

The quest for an effective HIV vaccine presents new possibilities, challenges

...ng-term HIV infection may close permanently once a pool of latently infected cells is in place, Drs. Johnston and Fauci note. Neutralizing antibodies, which can attach to and eliminate free virus, only appear after HIV levels have declined substantially. Further, the effectiveness of these antibodies is s...

Master regulatory gene of epithelial stem cells identified

...al. Some studies found that p63 maintains a steady pool of the regenerative cells, while other studies argued that p63 has more to do with causing the cells to differentiate into particular types of tissue. The study, which was lead by Frank McKeon, PhD, professor of cell biology at Harvard Medical School...