polyps in Biological News

Breakthrough optical technology to assess colon cancer risk, accuracy

... can be seen under a microscope, and even before polyps form. "It's fascinating," said Roy, "to very ... superficial layer of tissue -- which is where all polyps and cancer start -- and the accuracy with which ... is 90 percent preventable if pre-cancerous polyps are detected early and removed. "This ...

Scientists discover stinging truths about jellyfish blooms in the Bering Sea

... know how and how much." Desparately Seeking polyps Scientists suspect that increasing water ... during which they live as tiny, bottom-dwelling polyps before developing into swarming adults. If this ... habitats. "No one has ever seen jellyfish polyps in the Bering Sea," says Ciannelli. "So we don't ...

Colon cancer screening technique shows continued promise in new study

... 219 patients. Results showed that for advanced polyps, the test had a sensitivity of 100 percent, which means that 100 percent of patients who had polyps were correctly identified as having them. The larger number of patients in the more recent study allowed researchers to calculate the "area under ...

Studies shed light on collapse of coral reefs

... understand how their physiology works will we know if they can adapt to climate changes, or ways that we might help." Corals are tiny animals, polyps that exist as genetically identical individuals, and can eat, defend themselves and kill plankton for food. In the process they also secrete calcium ...

NCI grant launches clinical trials for colon cancer screening

... invasive. The method can detect abnormal changes in cells lining the colon long before those changes can be seen under a microscope, and even before polyps form. The extraordinarily sensitive technique involves a simple fiber optic probe roughly the size of a pen being inserted into the rectum. Light ...

Coral reefs and climate change: Microbes could be the key to coral death

... Centre. Tropical ecosystems are currently balanced on a climate change knife edge. Corals in coral reefs, which are made up of animals called polyps that secrete hard external skeletons of calcium carbonate, are living perilously close to their upper temperature limits. This makes them very ...

Breath of the ocean links fish feeding, reefs, climate

... food, but other cues that might lead them to food," she said. DMSP is also given off by zooxanthellae, one-celled organisms that live inside coral polyps and allow them to photosynthesize. Stressed or damaged coral can lose its zooxanthellae and become "bleached," Nevitt said. "DMSP is the smell of ...

Hopkins scientists link immune response to 'ghost' parasites and severely congested sinuses

... normally. Lane says that if left untreated, polyps can lead to severe blockage and recurring ... monitored for a minimum of nine months to see if polyps and their resulting symptoms returned. Ten in the surgery group had their polyps return within six months, while 12 remained ...

Important discovery about second most fatal cancer

... in members of same family # Origin in serrated polyps (considered previously to be completely benign) ... the colorectal cancers appear to develop in polyps that have been considered to be entirely harmless and have therefore been ignored up to now. These polyps also show mutation of the oncogene BRAF and DNA ...

Healthy coral reefs hit hard by warmer temperatures

... from the calcium carbonate secretions of each tiny coral, or polyp. While polyps provide the framework, coral's vivid hues come from symbiotic ... disease or stressful environmental conditions strike a coral colony, the polyps expel their algae. This algae loss makes the coral appear pale. ...

Evolution reveals an independent route for diversity in animal form

... leading to most other animal species. Cnidarians include reef-building polyps and pelagic jellyfish, while the group from which it split--the ... of animal groups, ranging in shape and size from microscopic solitary polyps to massive and highly differentiated colonial siphonophores up to 40 ...

Inflammation and drugs to control this activity studied in a variety of tumors sites

... more effective in preventing the development of potentially precancerous polyps in the colon. Sarah Daugherty, research fellow at the National Cancer ... adenomas. The frequency of these variants was higher among those with polyps than among controls. The researchers also compared ibuprofen use among ...

Scientists identify a gene that may suppress colorectal cancer

... in the digestive tract—the harbingers of cancer. When these mice possessed one copy of the mutated gene, the incidence of small intestinal and colon polyps were reduced by about 90%. “This gene may give us a novel target to aid in the diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of cancer,?says Dr. Arthur ...

Ocean sampling yields environmental sources of coral symbionts

... but many corals must acquire their symbionts anew with the emergence of each generation. However, it has remained unclear how newly settled coral polyps acquire their symbionts in the ocean. Organisms that resemble coral symbionts—dinoflagellates that are similar to those of the Symbiodinium genus ...

HIV-1 kills immune cells in the gut that may never bounce back

... of this depletion remain unknown. In the clinic, if the loss of CD4 T cells in the GI tract translates into increased incidence of colonic polyps or colorectal cancer, routine monitoring practices will have to be re-examined, with HIV-positive patients receiving colonoscopies earlier and ...

Report warns about carbon dioxide threats to marine life

... Langdon says. Mass bleaching occurs when unusually warm temperatures cause the coral to expel the colorful microscopic algae that provide the coral polyps with food. Many calcifying organisms--including marine plankton such as pteropods, a planktonic marine snail--are affected by the chemistry ...

Corals switch skeleton material as seawater changes

... Reefs are large underwater structures of coral skeletons, made from calcium carbonate secreted by generation after generation of tiny coral polyps over sometimes millions of years of coral growth in the same location. The team showed that corals can switch from using aragonite to another ...

Health of coral reefs detected from orbit

... monitor impacted coral reefs worldwide on a twice-weekly basis. Coral bleaching happens when symbiotic algae living in symbiosis with living coral polyps (and providing them their distinctive colours) are expelled. The whitening coral may die with subsequent impacts on the reef ecosystem, and thus ...

Research Using Mouse Models Reveals A Novel Key Player In The Initiation Of Colon Cancer

... mutation within the mouse equivalent of the APC gene displays very similar pathology as seen in human colon cancers and develop tumor growths called polyps in their colons, eventually leading to death. Inactivating the APC gene was found, as in human cells, to cause the accumulation of a protein called ...