oxidation

Lack of enzyme turns fat cells into fat burners

...ted problems."Wakil and his colleagues studied the oxidation of fatty acid andglucose in cultures of fat cells ...ent mice hada 25 percent higher rate of fatty acid oxidation and twofold higherrate of glucose oxidation than the normal mice.Others who participated in the rese...

Researchers discover molecule that causes secondary stroke

...n and peroxidized lipids, and a group of bilirubin oxidation products that the researchers called BOXes. Building on Dr. Clark's earlier studies in rats, the team measured each of the suspect agents in 12 hemorrhagic stroke patients. Within 10 days, four of the group suffered a secondary cerebral vasospasm. T...

Opposing fat metabolism pathways triggered by a single gene

...within two metabolic pathways: mitochondrial lipid oxidation and fatty acid desaturation. Following up on these changes in gene expression, Yamamoto and colleagues show that in its normal actions, nhr-49 sets in motion two opposing pathways: it increases expression of a gene acs-2, which leads to reduction of...

LUCA technologies confirms real-time methane generation

...rganisms are known to play a role in the anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons to alcohols, organic acids and carbon dioxide. Thermatoga also thrive in high temperature environments, such as those found in sub-surface oil wells. "Oil within the Monument Butte field has a waxy composition that may facilitate the...

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

...nguela upwelling system through anaerobic ammonium oxidation Marcel M.M. Kuypers*, Gaute Lavik*, Dagmar Wöbken*, Markus Schmid, Bernhard M. Fuchs*, Rudolf Amann*, Bo Barker Jørgensen* & Mike S.M. Jetten ...

Study uncovers bacteria's worst enemy

...diation are selected to target a specific form and oxidation state of toxic pollutants, such as soluble hexavalent uranium carbonate for uranium contamination. However, a single chemical rarely contaminates soils and groundwater and combinations of actinides, radionuclides, organic chemicals and metal regularl...

A hope for oil spill bioremediation

...cal processes such as evaporation or photochemical oxidation which produce changes in oil composition. But the most important process acting on the spilled oil is biodegradation. It is well established that most crude oils are biodegradable to a great extent, especially components as short linear alkanes or si...

Green catalyst destroys pesticides and munitions toxins, finds Carnegie Mellon University

...essions at the 230th ACS meeting: "TAML green oxidation catalysis for safely destroying pollutants and microbes in water," oral presentation by Terrence Collins, INOR 265, Strategies and Molecular Mechanisms of Contaminant Degradation Chemistry, 2 p.m. Monday, Aug. 29, Convention Center 147B; "Mice...

Plants reveal a secret and bring researchers nearer a cleaner future

...ce every 10 microseconds to find out how different oxidation states developed. When carefully analysing the reaction kinetics, they observed a time delay before the O2-evolving step. This delay unambiguously proved the existence of the long-searched for intermediate state. How far away are we then from using...

Anti-cancer Compound In Beer Gaining Interest

...amin E. And it has shown the ability to reduce the oxidation of LDL, or bad cholesterol. ...

Novel protein complex enables survival in hostile environment

...gen with sulfide would have produced an incomplete oxidation product ?sulfite," he said. "Methanogens present d...may prove to be directly relevant to the anaerobic oxidation of methane with sulfate, a process in which archaea closely related to methanogenic archaea are inti...

Free-radical busting antioxidants might not promote healthy hearts

...fect is attributed to their ability to prevent the oxidation of bad cholesterol by free radicals—a process thought to contribute to the build-up of disease-causing fatty deposits on artery walls. But a new study, published online on April 10 in The Journal of Experimental Medicine, suggests that the heart-heal...

Many cleaners, air fresheners may pose health risks when used indoors

...roperties like those found in smog and haze; other oxidation products; and formaldehyde, a respiratory irritant that is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. (This designation by the International Agency for Cancer Research is reserved for substances for which there is sufficient evidence to conclude that they c...

How plants avoid feeling the burn

... the prevailing view. The research team found that oxidation is not required for photoprotection, but rather, carotenoids in a neutral, or uncharged state, can readily handle the electron overload from the sun. Their findings have been published in the prestigious journal Proceedings of the National Academy ...

Ammonia-loving archaea win landslide majority

...hich are used as nutrients by plants. "Ammonia oxidation is an important step in the nitrogen cycle that wa...le for the production of a key enzyme used for the oxidation of ammonia. The gene was subsequently found in a marine strain of archaea that uses ammonia as ...

Cutting calories slightly can reduce aging damage

...e molecules known as free radicals and by cellular oxidation and inflammation. "In a calorie-restricted environment, you reduce the inflammatory response and prevent cell death," Leeuwenburgh said. John O. Holloszy, a professor of medicine in the division of geriatrics and nutritional sciences at Washington ...

Researchers examine why food tastes bad to chemotherapy recipients

...ry investigative team combines proficiency in food oxidation and off-flavors, water chemistry, cell biology, and human perception. Dietrich, the principal investigator on the project, is an expert on water quality and treatment, as well as its taste and odor assessment. In fact there are some 33 identified fl...

Uniform tungsten trimers stand and deliver

...hotoelectron spectroscopy to identify the tungsten oxidation state. "This is a small piece of the basic science that could lead to control of chemical transformations for our energy future," White said, noting that this is the first time researchers have created and imaged monodisperse oxide clusters on anot...

From hot springs to rice farms, scientists reveal new insights into the secret lives of archaea

...re discovered more than 100 years ago, and ammonia oxidation was previously thought only to exist in the bacterial realm,'' Francis said. ''Nobody ever guessed that members of the Archaea were also involved in this process. We're still figuring out how all the pieces fit together.'' ...

New technique boosts size of proteins that can be analyzed

... to proteins. Such important cellular processes as oxidation and acetylation of proteins add chemical groups and alter how a protein functions, such as modifying an enzymatic pathway. The bottom-up approach is limited because the samples seldom have masses that represent all the pieces of the protein, and mass...

Researchers link ocean organisms with increased cloud cover and potential climate change

...s hypothesized that airborne particles produced by oxidation of the chemical isoprene ?which is emitted by the phytoplankton ?may have contributed to a doubling of cloud droplet concentrations seen over a large area of ocean off the eastern coast of South America. Using complex numerical models, they esti...

Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells

...e/spermine acetyl transferase (SSAT), which starts oxidation of polyamines, rose markedly when prostate cancer ...ment. "These results demonstrate that polyamine oxidation is one of the major causes of androgen-induced oxidative stress in prostate cancer cells," said Dr B...

Meat and two neutrons -- the key to a longer life

... it should be possible to slow down the process of oxidation and ageing,' Shchepinov says. The isotopes could be used in animal feed so that humans could get the "age-defying" isotopes indirectly in steaks or chicken fillets, for example, rather than eating chemically enhanced products themselves. Shchepino...

Power-boosting signal in muscle declines with age

...gy balance, AMPK in skeletal muscle stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids and the production, or biogenesis, ...s to work harder to maintain the same level of fat oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle." The number of mitochondria within muscle largely determi...

Technique monitors thousands of molecules simultaneously

...ted by running a well-known electrochemical Wacker oxidation reaction, which converts an olefin into a ketone u...an be done. For example, they have carried out the oxidation of an alcohol to form a carbonyl and then used the carbonyl to put a dye down. They placed a green d...