model

UCSB scientists probe sea floor venting to gain understanding of early life on Earth

...y represent both the cradle of life on Earth and a model for the exploration and discovery of life on other planets. "We are highly conscious of the importance of microbes in the grand scheme of things," said Haymon. "Indeed, they are the greatest biomass on the planet. They are strongly implicated as the...

It's not all genetic: Common epigenetic problem doubles cancer risk in mice

...GF2 and the APC mutation should be a useful animal model to evaluate the impact of colon cancer prevention strategies, including dietary interventions and targeted drugs. ...

Fox Chase Cancer Center scientists identify immune-system mutation

...s humans. In addition to providing a unique animal model to study the SCID syndrome, SCID mice have become a highly valuable tool for studying the immune system and are now used by scientists worldwide. Kappes' co-authors on the new Nature paper include Fox Chase postdoctoral associates Xiao He, Ph.D., Xi...

Controversial drug shown to act on brain protein to cut alcohol use

...ist," Janaksaid.The scientists confirmed in a cell model that Ibogaine stimulated GDNFactivity. Finally, they showed that a known inhibitor of GDNF blockedIbogaine's ability to decrease alcohol craving in the rats, suggestinga direct link between Ibogaine's desirable actions and GDNF."If we can alter the G...

Mouse brain cells rapidly recover after Alzheimer's plaques are cleared

Brain cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer'sdisease have surprised scientists wi...tzman and Brendza plan to continue using the mouse model to studydisease treatments and the cellular abnormalities caused by theirAlzheimer's-like condition....

Key molecule in plant photo-protection identified

Brain cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer'sdisease have surprised scientists wi...tzman and Brendza plan to continue using the mouse model to studydisease treatments and the cellular abnormalities caused by theirAlzheimer's-like condition....

Anti-bacterial additive widespread in U.S. waterways

...use it is more easilydetectable.Using an empirical model and published data on the environmentaloccurrence of triclosan, the researchers predicted triclocarbanconcentrations for 85 U.S. streams. The study results suggest that theantimicrobial contaminant is present in 60 percent of the U.S. waterresources ...

Plants respond similarly to signals from friends, enemies

...time, the NC State researchers discovered that the model legume Lotus japonicus responded similarly to signals from both rhizobia, the friends that fix nitrogen for the plant, and root-knot nematodes, the parasitic foes that want to harm the plant. Signals from both outsiders induce rapid changes in distri...

Scientists Replicate Hepatitis C Virus in Laboratory

...se has suffered from the lack of a robust in vitro model system,?says T. Jake Liang, M.D., Chief of the Liv...anch of the NIDDK and co-author of the study. “Our model system produced viral particles that have all the properties of the whole virus. This evidence toget...

The secret to longevity in tubeworms

...s its sulfide. Without this return of sulfate, the model predicts an average lifespan of only 39 years in a...t still awaits direct confirmation. By providing a model in which this hypothetical interaction provides real benefits and explains real observations, the au...

Male circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission from women to men

...ty of infection was calculated using a statistical model thatincorporated published data to estimate the rates of HIV infectionamong the three types of sexual partners.For the men in the study, the overall probably of becoming HIV-infectedfollowing a single act of intercourse was calculated to be .0063, or...

Computers to be used to find blueprint for new influenza drug

...s that are attacked. By using advanced software to model the way these atoms behave in highly complex interactions, the atomic structure of a suitable drug can be worked out. Using computer modelling in this way can be of great assistance in drug design. Normally drugs are produced by trial and error in a...

Transplantation Of Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells Reverses Parkinson Disease In Primates

...in where these neuronshave degenerated in a monkey model of Parkinson disease, can reverseparkinsonism. The...anagent called MPTP, which is considered a primate model for Parkinsondisease. These transplanted cells were able to function as DA neuronsand diminished Par...

A much-needed shot in the arm for HIV vaccine development

...sing them,and proposes an innovative collaborative model that ensures thatresearchers across the globe are ...e opportunitiestogether, and their plan provides a model for doing just that."A preventive vaccine is the world's best long-term hope for bringingthe HIV/AID...

Finding Cures For Tropical Diseases: Is Open Source An Answer?

...n healthcare the envy of the world, the commercial model only works ifcompanies can sell enough patented pr...p;Dcosts and produce profits for shareholders. The model thus fails in thedeveloping world, where few patients can afford to pay patented pricesfor drugs. Th...

Genome-wide mouse study yields link to human leukemia

...uthor of the study. "It's also validated our mouse model as a good predictor of what happens in the develop...Caligiuri, "so that gives added merit to our mouse model as an investigative tool." Using data from the methylation studies, Caligiuri and Plass were able t...

The transparent organism: EMBLEM and Carl Zeiss give labs a unique look at life

...n of eyes and the brain in embryonic fish or other model organisms. The presentation of SPIM at scientific conferences has generated a flood of requests for the instrument. "We were extremely pleased to have found Carl Zeiss as an excellent partner to translate this technology into a product," says Dr. M...

Novel Enzyme Shows Potential As An Anti-HIV Target

...y histones) and DNA. Another, more widely accepted model proposes that histone acetylation controls transcription by recruiting cofactors required for transcription. Acetylation and deacetylation enzymes can also target other proteins. Of the three classes of deacetylases known to modify human histones, t...

Live Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Technique Explored

...s that the replicating live recombinant adenovirus model shows promise as a means of developing economical and long-lasting vaccines for many illnesses. Ongoing research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of recombinants in animals. Additional authors of “Viable adenovirus vaccine prototypes: High-...

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...es far beyond a theoretical model. They tested the model in the real world, using an enormous data set, and saw the same patterns. It is a very thorough analysis." "We've tried to be very careful and conservative ?but there is potential for a major impact on the survivorship of the migrating salmon," says...

Clam embryo study shows pollutant mixture adversely affects nerve cell development

...ork together to adverselyaffect neuron growth in a model organism.The study, which is reported in the Janua... cycle.They have also moved their studies to a new model system: thezebrafish, a vertebrate with more similarities to humans.Reinisch's work on BCE is funded...

Study identifies predictors of HIV drug resistance in patients beginning triple therapy

...ork together to adverselyaffect neuron growth in a model organism.The study, which is reported in the Janua... cycle.They have also moved their studies to a new model system: thezebrafish, a vertebrate with more similarities to humans.Reinisch's work on BCE is funded...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...plication. It affects these processes, the current model holds, by stimulating transcript elongation and increasing RNA polymerase's processing efficiency. In a new study, Tamal Raha, Grace Cheng, and Michael Green work with human cell lines and find evidence that Tat can also stimulate PIC assembly. Whil...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

A recently developed mouse model of braintumors common in the genetic disorder neur...nd microglia."Next, the researchers used the mouse model to investigate a clinicalconcern. Physicians rely on several tests to determine whether a childwith ...

BRCA1 causes ovarian cancer through indirect, biochemical route

...is not only underscores the relevance of our mouse model to human cancer," Dubeau notes, "But also strongly supports a theory we have formulated about the site of origin of ovarian cancers." ...

Scientists decipher genome of fungus that can cause life-threatening infections

...global importance that is used by researchers as a model for fungalpathogenesis. Since the 1980s, the numbe...notationmakes it feasible to use Cryptococcus as a model to study how fungicause disease. Using the genomic sequence data, the Cryptococcusresearch community...

Plant hemoglobins: Oxygen handlers critical for nitrogen fixation

...duction of symbiotic hemoglobins in nodules of the model legume Lotus japonicus, enabling researchers to assess for the first time the role and importance of these proteins in plants. The results of the study indicate that symbiotic hemoglobins are important for oxygen transport and energy metabolism in pl...

U-M scientists find genes that control growth of common skin cancer

...ion.“Our work demonstrates that BCC growth in this model remains strictlydependent on the Hh pathway,?says Mark Hutchin, M.D., a U-M residentin dermatology and lead author on the paper. This is different frommany other genetic mouse models of cancer, in which tumor regressionfollowing inhibition of an onco...

Weill Cornell Research Reveals Secrets Of Trafficking Within Cells

...clathrin increased gradually. "The knock-out mouse model was just too blunt an instrument," he said. Instead, they came up with a whole new method of inquiry. It combined two pre-existing technologies -- RNA interference (RNAi), where scientists cut down on protein expression by jamming the responsible ge...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

...ing arrays for the entire human genome and several model organisms, including Drosophila, Arabidopsis, S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Further Information: Using GeneChip(R) technology to study all human transcripts (Transcriptome) Using Affymetrix tiling arrays in the ENCODE project Using tiling arra...

Critical role in programmed cell death identified

...s two different hypothesis and makes worms a great model to analyze how cell death is induced, " Conradt sa... killing cells. C. elegans worms are a convenient model system, Conradt explained, with a well documented cell lineage that facilitates genetic manipulation...

Elephants imitate truck noises, other animals

...ther seemed to use generalized truck sounds as the model for her imitation. Calimero, a 23-year-old male African elephant who lived for 18 years with two female Asian elephants in a Swiss zoo, was a nearly perfect mimic for the chirp-like calls of his long-time zoo mates. The chirps are made by Asian elep...

Probing The Promise And Perils Of Nanoparticles

...Both Leroueil's work and the earlier research used model membranes to probe the effects of nanoparticles. N...cells. "Just because we see hole formation in the model system doesn't mean that it really happens in the cell," said Banaszak Holl. But early results of ex...

Elephants imitate sounds as a form of social communication

...ther seemed to use generalized truck sounds as the model for her imitation. Calimero, a 23-year-old male African elephant who lived for 18 years with two female Asian elephants in a Swiss zoo, was a nearly perfect mimic for the chirp-like calls of his long-time zoo mates. The chirps are made by Asian elep...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...ant Arabidopsis thaliana, both of which are common model organisms for biological research. The process interrupts the usual transfer of instructions from double-stranded DNA, through single-stranded messenger RNA and finally into proteins. Short, double-stranded pieces of RNA bind to the complementary mes...

Same mutation aided evolution in many fish species, Stanford study finds

...ew freshwater lakes and streams, they are an ideal model for understanding how animals adapt to their unique environments. The recent work carries a few surprises. Kingsley said that the gene in question, called Eda, is an old friend to laboratory researchers who have found that mutations in the same gene...

Gene Therapy For Parkinson's Disease Moves Forward In Animals

...the GDNF protects the neurons in primates from the model that we use, so that's good. We now know we can use very low doses that are still effective, so that's good. But we need a safety net. Once we turn it on, it's on for life. So we have to control it, and we're working on this as we speak. But it's not...

Why do insects stop 'breathing'? To avoid damage from too much oxygen, say researchers

... Hetz will next work on developing a comprehensive model of insect breathing. "We'd like to expand our present model to explain all aspects of insect breathing. And we'd like to examine insects that do not show this p...

Deficiency of growth hormone and IGF-1 reduces cancer and kidney disease, but creates other problems

...ur other institutions. The researchers used a rat model to explore the effects of growth hormone and another compound, IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) on adult rats and found paradoxical effects, according to William E. Sonntag, Ph.D., professor of physiology and pharmacology at Wake Forest Universit...

Jumping gene helps explain immune system's abilities

...sses," says Craig. "It also is likely to be a good model tofigure out what's happening early on in V(D)J recombination."Understanding how Hermes and other jumping genes work also holds cluesto fighting bacterial infections, improving gene therapies and tacklingdisease-carrying insects, Craig notes. Bacteri...

UCSD Discovery Shows How Embryonic Stem Cells Perform 'Quality Control' Inspections

...sses," says Craig. "It also is likely to be a good model tofigure out what's happening early on in V(D)J recombination."Understanding how Hermes and other jumping genes work also holds cluesto fighting bacterial infections, improving gene therapies and tacklingdisease-carrying insects, Craig notes. Bacteri...

New therapy for HIV/AIDS eliminates needles and excessive toxicity

...sses," says Craig. "It also is likely to be a good model tofigure out what's happening early on in V(D)J recombination."Understanding how Hermes and other jumping genes work also holds cluesto fighting bacterial infections, improving gene therapies and tacklingdisease-carrying insects, Craig notes. Bacteri...

Gene sequencing explains bioremediation 'bug'

...sses," says Craig. "It also is likely to be a good model tofigure out what's happening early on in V(D)J recombination."Understanding how Hermes and other jumping genes work also holds cluesto fighting bacterial infections, improving gene therapies and tacklingdisease-carrying insects, Craig notes. Bacteri...

Zebrafish may hold key to understanding human nerve cell development

...ups and avoid predators."Zebrafish are a wonderful model for studying hair cell development fora number of reasons. The hair cells are exposed and can be easily seenunder the microscope in the live fish. We can also visually identifythe consequences of gene defects in the 200 to 300 embryos each femalefish...

Harmful Bacterium Commonly Found in Poultry May Survive Refrigeration and Frozen Storage Combined

...ups and avoid predators."Zebrafish are a wonderful model for studying hair cell development fora number of reasons. The hair cells are exposed and can be easily seenunder the microscope in the live fish. We can also visually identifythe consequences of gene defects in the 200 to 300 embryos each femalefish...

GenMAPP 2.0 released

...ups and avoid predators."Zebrafish are a wonderful model for studying hair cell development fora number of reasons. The hair cells are exposed and can be easily seenunder the microscope in the live fish. We can also visually identifythe consequences of gene defects in the 200 to 300 embryos each femalefish...

Study Models Impact Of Anthrax Vaccine

...e. TheHopkins researchers developed a probability model to predict how manycases of anthrax could be prevented under varying conditions. The studyfound that about 70 percent of anthrax cases could be prevented ifantibiotics were distributed within 6 days after exposure and patientswere to take them for 60...

The BIOS Initiative - open source biotechnology is born

...nior Informatics Specialist at CAMBIA. "BIOS is a model for a new innovation system for old challenges. It combines astute use of intellectual property, informatics, new biological sciences, and the unique human element that Internet communication now provides" says Jefferson. ...

Beyond lithium for bipolar disorder

... GPR88, has been found to be associated with a rat model of mania, they said. This gene codes for a protein that is an "orphan receptor"--that is, its cellular function in sensing external chemical signals is unknown. The researchers also found that the gene called AD-CYAP1 was upregulated in the treated ...

Scientists identify new model Of NK cell development

... this is the first solid evidence supporting a new model of NK cell development, but we also know that more work needs to be done to fill in some gaps." Still, the findings appear to offer important new information about NK killer cells that may ultimately be helpful in designing more effective treatments...

Research Using Mouse Models Reveals A Novel Key Player In The Initiation Of Colon Cancer

...e of the journal Genes and Development. An animal model with an inactivating mutation within the mouse equivalent of the APC gene displays very similar pathology as seen in human colon cancers and develop tumor growths called polyps in their colons, eventually leading to death. Inactivating the APC gene w...

Boosting HIV screening can increase survival and is cost effective

...g." Paltiel and his team developed a mathematical model of HIV screening and treatment to predict the cost...orts Paltiel's findings. They developed a computer model to estimate the health benefits and expenditures of performing voluntary HIV screening programs in h...

Examination of internal 'wiring' of yeast, worm, and fly reveals conserved circuits

...ay their ultimate goal is a comprehensive computer model of how cells work. A description of all protein-interaction circuits would make such a model possible. "We'd like to simulate diseased cell types, such as cancer cells, and then simulate the ef...

X-Ray Beams And Fruit Fly 'Flight Simulator' Aid Scientists' View Of Muscle Power

...uscles stretch and contract. The results suggest a model for how these powerful biological motors turn “on?and “off?during the wingbeat. “Small flying insects face an enormous task ?generating enough power to overcome gravity, air resistance and drag ?and they do this by beating their wings ferociously,?s...

Scientists discover that host cell lipids facilitate bacterial movement

...Our experiments show that Listeria is a simplified model system for studying how phosphoinositides regulate the actin cytoskeleton, and this model promises to yield additional insights into how these phospholipids control the cell's actin cytoskel...

UF Researchers Map Bacterial Proteins That Cause Tooth Loss

...into a computer database to create a computational model of the P. gingivalis proteome, resulting in a surprising find. “Some of the proteins we previously thought were important when they were expressed in the lab proved not to be when the organism is in an environment that mimics the oral cavity,?Lamont...

Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease moves forward in animals

...the GDNF protects the neurons in primates from the model that we use, so that's good. We now know we can use very low doses that are still effective, so that's good. But we need a safety net. Once we turn it on, it's on for life. So we have to control it, and we're working on this as we speak. But it's not...

Breast-Cancer Risk Linked to Exposure to Traffic Emissions at Menarche, First Birth

...els and tests on individual vehicles. A geographic model was used to reconstruct historic traffic PAHs, usi...al information was used in a geographic dispersion model to determine PAH exposure at each participant's residence. While the researchers found increased ri...

Genrate: a generative model that finds and scores new genes and exons in genomic microarray data

...esian approach and developed GenRate, a generative model that accounts for both genome-wide expression data...on of false-positive and false-negative rates. The model has a number of local minima that is exponential in the length of the DNA sequence data, so direct a...

Antibiotic might fight HIV-induced neurological problems

...ative medicine. "Testing minocycline in our animal model of HIV infection was really a logical next step." ... researchers report. "The infection in the animal model is predictable and aggressive, so we can get meaningful data by studying fewer animals," says Zink, ...