Medial in Biological News

Stress disrupts human thinking, but the brain can bounce back

... have shown that repeated stress on rats shriveled nerve cells of the medial prefrontal cortex, and that a shrunken prefrontal cortex is linked to ... performance on attention-shifting tasks and diminish activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. He found that male med students who said they were ...

Genetic contributions to human brain morphology and intelligence

... in the hippocampus (4069%), and environmental factors influencing several medial brain areas. However, the mechanisms by which interaction between genes ... radiation, and corticospinal tract, as well as gray matter density of the medial frontal, superior frontal, superior temporal, occipital, postcentral, ...

Brain's problem-solving function at work when we daydream

... important problems in our lives. Until now, the brain's "default network" which is linked to easy, routine mental activity and includes the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), the posterior cingulate cortex and the temporoparietal junction was the only part of the brain thought to be active when ...

40 minority scientists receive travel fellowships to Experimental Biology 2009 in New Orleans

... John H. Dubinion, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jorge L. Gamboa, University of Kentucky Fernanda RC Giachini, University of Sao Paulo / medial College of Georgia Shea Gilliam-Davis, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Albert L. Gonzales, Colorado State University Helmut Bandeira ...

Synthetic biology key in the 21st century

... is covered in the media? And while these scientists featured in Esquire Drew Endy, Jay Keasling and Craig Venter may hold the keys to improved medial treatments and cleaner fuels, are there adequate controls and security measures to limit potential risks? The development of www.synbioproject.org ...

The 'satellite navigation' in our brains

... sat navs, strengthened over years of experience." In their study, Dr Spiers and Professor Maguire found that a part of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex increased its activity the closer the taxi drivers came to their destination. However, it is still unclear how the brain knows ...

UNC, Caltech research finds further evidence for genetic contribution to autism

... investigating that idea through brain imaging studies. One area of interest is the amygdala, a region located on either side of the brain in the medial temporal lobe that is known to process information about facial emotions and may have abnormal volume in both autistic individuals and their ...

Worm-like marine animal providing

... their regulation and perhaps changed the gene function." Originally discovered in the 1700s, amphioxus appears fish-like with a small tail fin and medial fins, but no paired ones. They spend most of their time burrowed in sand, with their snouts extended for filter feeding. The human genome has ...

MNI researchers locate neurological basis of depression following sports concussion

... in regions known to be implicated in depression, specifically, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and striatum and attenuated deactivation in medial frontal and temporal regions. We discovered that concussed subjects with depression presented with the same pattern of brain activation as that seen ...

Clinical studies show REMICADE reduces incidence of bowel surgeries in ulcerative colitis patients

... healthcare resource utilization among patients with UC before and after a colectomy. The PharMetrics database contains enrollment data, pharmacy and medial claims from approximately 82 different managed care organizations, consisting of more than 46 million patients in the United States. It is considered ...

Doctors learn to control their own brains' pain responses to better treat patients

... touched with a Q-tip. However, the physicians, unlike the control group, did register an increase in activity in the frontal areas of the brain--the medial and superior prefrontal cortices and the right tempororparietal junction. That is the neural circuit that is related to emotion regulation and ...

Study reveals how ADHD drugs work in brain

... as the accumbens which has been linked with processing "rewards," and the medial septum, which has been implicated in arousal and movement. Working with ... levels increased in the rats' PFC. Levels in the accumbens and medial septum, however, remained much the same, the scientists found. "Our ...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

... to establish and maintain social goals governing an interaction; the medial area has been associated with empathy and regulation of negative emotion; ... Instead, the scientists observed increased activity and linkage in the medial region, which is consistent with the high level of empathy exhibited by ...

Reading hidden intentions in the human brain

... distinct neural substrates were involved in task preparation and execution. Decoding of intentions was most robust when activity patterns in the medial prefrontal cortex were taken into account, consistent with the idea that this region of the brain participating in the reflection of an individual on ...

The effects of smoking on fractures and ligament injuries

... healing." In the second study, involving the same group of researchers but led by Corey S. Gill, researchers examined the effects of smoking on medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. They performed MCL surgery on 40 mice, half of which were exposed to cigarette smoke 6 days a week for two months. ...

Study offers window into human behavior, brain disease

... of the brain deteriorate in Parkinson's disease, motor neurons of the spinal cord and motor cortex degenerate in ALS and specific memory-forming medial temporal lobe neurons die in early Alzheimer's disease. "We hope to add von Economo neurons to that list," says Seeley. "It's a pretty important ...

Where we change our mind

... maintenance" processes are performed principally by a region called the anterior prefrontal cortex, and "belief back-track" processes occur in the medial prefrontal cortex. "Our results provide evidence that activity in different regions of the prefrontal cortex reflect critical computational ...

The brain's motivation station

... not those scenes later forgotten--activated the reward areas of the mesolimbic region as well as the learning-related hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) of the brain. Activation prior to scene visualization suggests that the brain actually prepares in advance to filter incoming ...

Birds going extinct faster due to human activities

... survival of particular types of brain cells. The laminin-influenced stem cells are a kind that goes on to generate a brain structure called the medial ganglionic eminence, which in turn is believed to give rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, a structure that ...

Medium is the message for stem cells in search of identities

... survival of particular types of brain cells. The laminin-influenced stem cells are a kind that goes on to generate a brain structure called the medial ganglionic eminence, which in turn is believed to give rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, a structure that ...

Oops! Researchers publish new findings on the brain's response to costly mistakes

... Using ERP, Gehring and his colleagues localized the brain's response to errors to the vicinity of the rACC, a larger region of the brain known as the medial frontal cortex. Working with Joe Himle, Ph.D., and Laura Nisenson, Ph.D., from the U-M Anxiety Disorders Program in the Department of Psychiatry, he ...

How the octopus forms an elbow

... the arm. The arm also forms a proximal joint near where the arm meets the body, and a distal joint near the suckers that have grasped the food. The medial joint typically exhibits the most movement during food retrieval. The authors also found evidence that, like certain types of human arm ...

Tracking the memory trace

... on his most recent report on the topic that finds a memory trace in Drosophila or fruit flies is formed in a pair of neurons called the dorsal pair medial neurons, but only 30 minutes after the fact and only through the mediation of a gene called, ironically, amnesiac. (A memory trace is a chemical ...

Noise And Delays Explain Why Some Genes Oscillate In Activity

... glucose metabolism drops off in brain areas previously associated with memory tasks—namely, the prefrontal cortex, the dorsal striatum, and the medial temporal lobe. However, when sleep-deprived monkeys took the drug, they showed heightened glucose metabolism in these same brain regions. The ...

Clocking in Pillow Time without the Pillow

... glucose metabolism drops off in brain areas previously associated with memory tasks—namely, the prefrontal cortex, the dorsal striatum, and the medial temporal lobe. However, when sleep-deprived monkeys took the drug, they showed heightened glucose metabolism in these same brain regions. The ...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

... where a muscle pulls a tendon inside a synovial sheath, CYBERHAND's finger cables run through a Teflon sheath pulled by a DC motor. So the proximal, medial and distal phalanges, those bones between your finger knuckles, are all driven by the same tendon. This approach is called underactuation as there ...