markers

Quantum Dots Research Leads to New Knowledge about Protein Binding in Plants

...ant to photobleaching thanconventional fluorescent markers and their small size make them idealfor biological imaging. The researchers then added the molecules togerminated lily pollen grains and examined them under a confocalmicroscope.This is the very first time that Quantum Dots have been utilized forlive...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...ls of inflammatory cytokines were also measured as markers of acute inflammation. Analyses showed that CVL obtained after the application of PRO 2000 gel reduced both HIV and HSV infectivity by at least 1000-fold compared to CVL obtained at baseline. The effects were highly statistically significant (p "An...

Neuronal 'traffic jam' marks early Alzheimer's disease

...findings also could ultimately lead to distinctive markers of early Alzheimer's disease that could be used in early diagnostic tests for the disorder, they said. The research team led by Lawrence S. B. Goldstein, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD...

Recent breakthroughs in common adult leukemia highlighted in New England Journal of Medicine

...a require revision. With new molecular and protein markers now identified, patients with features that porten...," said Dr. Chiorazzi. "Once these new prognostic markers are clinically available to doctors, and after large-scale trials testing early intervention are com...

Iron Deficiency Sparks Dramatic Changes In Gene Expression

...r in human cells," saidThiele. "Current diagnostic markers for iron deficiency aren't verysensitive, unless t...level of iron deprivation, he said.With diagnostic markers in place, physicians could translate theseverity of the disease into the appropriate treatment....

Plants defy Mendel's inheritance laws, may prompt textbook changes

...een in the flowers. The researchers used molecular markers - bits of DNA that help identify and locate genes in organisms - to determine whether a plant carried normal or mutant copies of the genes. "It seems that these hothead-containing plants keep a cryptic copy of everything that was in the previous gen...

Self-assembled nano-sized probes allow Penn researchers to see tumors through flesh and skin

...they can use these emissive polymersomes to target markers on the surface of a specific type of tumor cells. ...olymersomes to target multiple cancer cell-surface markers in the body simultaneously. Emissive polymersomes perform much like in vivo imaging systems that us...

Chemists identify key gene in development of type 1 diabetes

.... Prediabetic individuals are those who have blood markers ?either antibodies or genetic markers ?that are predictive of the disease but are still able to produce insulin. Al-Abed and his associat...

International HapMap consortium expands mapping effort

...pe map, or HapMap, which will consist of 1 million markers of genetic variation, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The consortium's new goal is to build an improved version of the HapMap that is about five times denser than the original plan. This "Phase II" HapMap will take advantage of the ra...

Towards precise classification of cancers based on robust gene functional expression profiles

.... Prediabetic individuals are those who have blood markers ?either antibodies or genetic markers ?that are predictive of the disease but are still able to produce insulin. Al-Abed and his associat...

Researchers develop rapid diagnostic tool for pathogen identification

...isms. Genetic probes for pathogens were coupled to markers known as mass codes. After amplification, incorporated mass codes were detected by mass spectroscopy allowing identification of the pathogen. According to Thomas Briese, PhD, associate director of the Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory at the Mail...

Rats infected as newborns grew up vulnerable to memory problems during an immune challenge

... later, they euthenized the rats and checked brain markers of the immune response. Because it spurs an immune response without live bacteria, LPS helps to reveal how the immune system works on its own, without the complication of side effects. The team found that E. coli-infected pups later injected with LP...

HIV vaccine trial breaks ground for future research

...ological differences in immune response or genetic markers of resistance to infection could have made the vaccine more effective. Also examined in the trial were the immune responses to the vaccine. The vaccine was able to generate antibody responses in virtually all participants, and, in general, those wit...

Nanoscale Diagnostic Sets Sights on Alzheimer's

...f Alzheimer's. If the BCA process can identify the markers before symptoms develop, doctors may be able to co...mmunity thinks about molecular diagnostics and the markers they consider for many types of diseases." ?Chad Mirkin, Northwestern University Department of Chemi...

Heart repair gets new muscle

... stem cell. This is based on an absence of protein markers for skeletal muscle cells in Spoc cells, as well as the fact that Spoc-derived cells display spontaneous rhythmic beating and express cardiac markers, whether they are grown in a test tube or have migrated to injured hearts in study mice. The author...

Biomarkers isolated from saliva successfully predict oral and breast cancer

...om the fact that salivary nucleic acids or protein markers might be influenced by eating, drinking, smoking, diet or oral hygiene," said Wong. "So our goal is to provide the optimized and standardized protocol to assure consistent results." The studies are supported by grants from the U.S. Public Health Ser...

Double triumph in stem cell quest

...s derived via therapeutic cloning have the surface markers that make them compatible with the donor's immune system. The biggest question, though, is whether the stembrids really are true ESCs. Verlinsky says the cells express a number of ESC markers. His team has also shown the cells can differentiate into...

Doctors closer to using gene analysis to help trauma patients

...hy individuals in an effort to correlate molecular markers with white blood cell behavior, and ultimately, with patient outcome. Studies in healthy patients were conducted at UF, Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Rochester School of Medicine and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

... returning to normal by 24 hours. Higher levels of markers of inflammation, and of organ injury, were measured in annexin 1 deficient animals. Altogether, these findings implied that the protective effects of the annexin 1 pathway were activated in the first few hours following toxin administration. In fact,...

The biggest family tree ever

...mples. His team will trace people's lineages using markers encoded into DNA. The DNA samples will be analyzed...researchers to decipher the characteristic genetic markers of both parental lineages. UA is collaborating in a joint venture with Family Tree DNA, a company s...

NHGRI targets 12 more organisms for genome sequencing

...nt strains of laboratory rats. SNPs can be used as markers to zero in on genetic variations that may affect an individual's risk of developing common, complex illnesses such as heart diseases, diabetes and cancer. Building a catalog of rat SNPs will assist researchers trying to find genetic variations associ...

Whole genome promoter mapping - Human Genome Project v2.0?

...easingly turning towards the idea of using genetic markers for diagnosis and prognosis, or determining personalized therapies, so-called pharmacogenetics, but we don't know how these genes are regulated or even related to each other. The identification of such a large number of promoters means that we can be...

Stem cells in bone marrow replenish mouse ovaries

...on," Tilly says. With the help of several genetic markers that are found in germ cells, the master cells tha...ood. In addition, the researchers also found these markers in human bone marrow and blood. Remarkably, the researchers found that bone marrow or blood cell tr...

Genetic links could unlock clues to leading cause of blindness

...archers pinpointed a chromosome region and genetic markers for macular degeneration in humans and rhesus monkeys, findings recently published in the online edition of the journal Experimental Eye Research. Linking the disease in monkeys to the disease in humans allows researchers to study how it progresses i...

Researchers seek to discover what really happens when a virus enters the body

...healthy cells, Duca identifies and stains relevant markers from the virus and the host. Under ultraviolet lig...esult from the spectral overlap of the fluorescent markers that Duca uses. Also, since the microscope cannot capture the entire laboratory dish at once, mult...

Most common lung cancers may begin in newly discovered cells

... of the resulting cancer cells carry the molecular markers of both of the two kinds of cells found in non-small lung cell cancers. In mice, the tumors start deep in the lung, past the trachea and the branches to the lobes. Ciliated cells that catch debris give way to the bronchiolar cells called Clara cells....

Biased reporting found in cancer prognostic studies

... so-called prognostic factors--biologic or genetic markers that may predict how a patient may fare during or after treatment, according to a new study in the July 20 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. In recent years, researchers have raced to discover and publish papers on prognostic fa...

Researchers devise new technique for creating human stem cells

...rching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. The researchers were also able to further confirmed that fusion occurred by studying the chromosomal makeup of the fused cells. Their analyses showed that the hybrid cells were "tetraploid" ?meaning t...

3D Atlas Will Help Navigate The Spinal Cord

...l be based on a comprehensive use of neurochemical markers (chemoarchitecture). Many pathways in the nervous system contain a particular protein which can be demonstrated in tissue sections using a technique called immunohistochemistry that involves the use of specific antibodies. The often distinct distribu...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

...ing process. According to the new Science report, markers of oxidative stress did not parallel the accumulation of mitochondrial genetic mutations. Instead, the group found evidence that indicated accelerated cell death, especially in tissues characterized by rapid turnover of cells, occurred as mutations m...

Nanowires can detect molecular signs of cancer, scientists find

Use of minuscule devices to spot cancer markers could lead to ultra-powerful new diagnostics Harv...d University researchers have found that molecular markers indicating the presence of cancer in the body are readily detected in blood scanned by special array...

AACR Favors 'full spectrum of stem cell research biology'

...prove evaluation of anti-cancer drugs, to identify markers for early detection of cancer, and to illuminate the path to novel, targeted treatments," said Lynn M. Matrisian, Ph.D., AACR past president and Ingram Distinguished Professor of Cancer Research at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. "Our beli...

UQ researcher tracking key to healing the brain

...he tried and true method is to look for particular markers on the outside of the cell, but this is a long and laborious process. "What we are doing is looking at a distinguishing attribute of stem cells, which is that they are relatively quiescent, or don't divide much in relation to other cells. "This w...

Digging in the dirt for life's biochemical foundations

...adelphia, tagged nitrogen with easy-to-spot atomic markers and then watched as it traveled from soil to fungus to plant roots. Many had assumed that the fungus would play a modest role. The team found, however, that the fungus acts more like a four-lane highway than a two-track country road in shuttling the...

From a Few Wild Ancestors, a Citrus Cornucopia

...track genetic similarities between accessions. The markers -- not unlike those used in forensics for determining genetic identity and parentage -- helped the researchers identify specimens of unknown origin and differentiate between closely related species. Of the roughly 900 total accessions, about 400 of ...

New technique could alter field of mouse genetics

...especially difficult to sequence. Furthermore, the markers it carries make it easy to find. In Xu's lab, the jumping gene carried red fluorescent protein and an enzyme that changes the coat color of a white mouse to grey or black. The transposon acts as a genetic beacon, so researchers can easily track its l...

Genetic link confirmed between Polynesians and indigenous Taiwanese

...today's Polynesians, and looked for unique genetic markers that occurred in the aboriginal people. They then compared these markers to those found in mainland Chinese, Taiwanese, and other Southeast Asian peoples. Trejaut et al. fo...

High-Throughput GoMiner

...today's Polynesians, and looked for unique genetic markers that occurred in the aboriginal people. They then compared these markers to those found in mainland Chinese, Taiwanese, and other Southeast Asian peoples. Trejaut et al. fo...

Most embryos produced during IVF do not result in live births

...pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and biochemical markers of embryo viability," said Patrizio. "In addition this study should also move the field toward perfecting methods of egg production." ...

Discarded placentas deliver researchers promising cells similar to embryonic stem cells

...epithelial cells have many of the telltale surface markers that define embryonic stem cells, and also express... nervous system, and pancreatic cells with genetic markers for insulin and glycogen production. "In this first paper we sought to determine if amniotic epithe...

U-M scientists discover identifying markers for primitive blood-forming stem cells

...rrently, scientists must search for many different markers and use complex procedures to separate rare hemato...Cs, from other cells in a blood sample. Using SLAM markers will streamline the process considerably, says Mark J. Kiel, a student in the U-M Medical School's M...

Studies on human genome variation provide insight into disease

... variant at another locus; in other words, the two markers are "genetically indistinguishable." Dr. Lon Cardon and his colleagues describe in this month's issue of Genome Research how these "genetically indistinguishable" polymorphisms can complicate the identification of disease-related genes. "Although...

Housecat-sized Siberian tiger cubs get collared

... variant at another locus; in other words, the two markers are "genetically indistinguishable." Dr. Lon Cardon and his colleagues describe in this month's issue of Genome Research how these "genetically indistinguishable" polymorphisms can complicate the identification of disease-related genes. "Although...

Study hints at role of stem cell genes in testicular, breast cancers

... in the development of tumors or serve as valuable markers of tumor progression, the researchers say. As such...ltimately could lead to new targets for therapy or markers for diagnosis. A next step, according to the researchers, will be to "dig deeper" to determine the ...

Study reveals genomics of inflammation from severe injury

...ma, the researchers hope to identify the molecular markers that spell sepsis. The research team zeroed in on white blood cells, which help fight infection and disease and trigger inflammation. The scientists analyzed the activity of tens of thousands of genes from these cells, which were taken from the vol...

Study Unlocks Insects?Secret for Love in the Dark

...ma, the researchers hope to identify the molecular markers that spell sepsis. The research team zeroed in on white blood cells, which help fight infection and disease and trigger inflammation. The scientists analyzed the activity of tens of thousands of genes from these cells, which were taken from the vol...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

... additional breast cancer markers, as well as with markers for other cancers. They are also planning to perform animal studies, examining the sensitivity of the antibody-nanotube system in detecting cancer cells in the blood and in detecting specific types of cancer cells shed in the blood from tumors. Imm...

Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution

...elated traits. The researchers found that genetic markers for albinism in the two groups appeared in the same location, suggesting three possibilities: the two cave populations had the same mutation in the same gene, they showed different mutations in the same gene, or they had mutations in distinct but clo...

Finding rewrites the evolutionary history of the origin of potatoes

...he cultivated potato. The scientists analyzed DNA markers in 261 wild and 98 cultivated potato varieties to assess whether the domestic potato arose from a single wild progenitor or whether it arose multiple times - and the results were clear, says David Spooner, the USDA research scientist who led the stud...

Microarray technology for tailoring breast cancer therapy

... stage and age - which are all accepted prognostic markers for breast cancer. The present lack of criteria to help tailor breast cancer treatment to individual patients indicates a need to develop new techniques for better prediction of how patients will respond to adjuvant treatments. The researchers sugge...

Ancient humans brought bottle gourds to the Americas from Asia

...oss the Americas. They then identified key genetic markers from the DNA of both the ancient gourds and their modern counterparts in Asia and Africa before comparing the plants' genetic make-up to determine the origins of the New World gourds. "For 150 years, the dominant theory has been that bottle gourds,...

Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders

...inary study, she, Taylor and Povich used molecular markers to identify the different strains of the bacteria Bradyrhizobia that interact with roots of the six species of lupine found on the reserve site. They then tested 10 of these strains to see which were preferred by two of the six lupine species. Worki...

Bird song changes sound alarm over habitat fragmentation

...imes and before other indicators - such as genetic markers - show any change," they say. Sharing song types - when a male replies to a rival's song with the same song sequence - with neighbours is common in birds, and is thought to act as a threat signal between males, which would explain why birds have evo...

Pregnancy drugs can affect grandkids

...imes and before other indicators - such as genetic markers - show any change," they say. Sharing song types - when a male replies to a rival's song with the same song sequence - with neighbours is common in birds, and is thought to act as a threat signal between males, which would explain why birds have evo...

Cellular scale drug delivery from the inside out

...e possible to sequentially release genes, chemical markers and other materials within cells in order to track what happens and what specific changes take place. This phase of Lin's research ties into a larger plant metabolomics project at Ames Laboratory. ...

Patterns in genome organization may partially explain how microbial cells work

... New techniques that attach fluorescent "reporter" markers to predetermined spots on chromosomes have indicated that many bacterial genes tend to be found at specific cellular locations. Patterns are not obvious in the sequences of prokaryotic genomes, which led the team led by Palsson to use signal-processi...

Researchers map of genetic variations implicated in disease

...ght common diseases will be accelerated by the new markers reported here. At an ever increasing rate, we are developing the necessary tools and sample collections to make a real difference to the study, diagnosis and, we hope, treatment of diseases such as TB, coronary heart disease, diabetes and rheumatoid ...

'Bad' enzymes may wear white hats after stroke

...Qiao Zhao used two naturally occurring proteins as markers for neurovascular remodeling.He had the group look for Egr1 and RECA-1, both of which indicate neuron and blood vessel regrowth. Rats that received an MMP inhibitor seven days after stroke had much lower levels of these proteins, indicating impaired...

Genetic study shows humans have pushed orangutans to the brink of extinction

...o hundred orangutans were identified using genetic markers called microsatellites. "We used the DNA information to simulate population history and detect evidence of a population decline," Goossens explains. "The genetic study shows that there is a high risk of extinction of the orangutan in Sabah in the n...

Cell barrier shows why bird flu not so easily spread among humans

...ognition of human receptors can serve as molecular markers for the pandemic potential of the isolates." ...