lymphocytes

Source of molecular triggers in cutaneous T cell lymphoma identified

... reports that CTCL develops from a small subset of lymphocytes that are pre-programmed to respond to self-antigens exposed during normal cell death. As cells undergo the process of apoptosis, cryptic -- or masked -- antigens, are uncovered. Those newly available antigens are presented by LC directly to CTCL rece...

Recent breakthroughs in common adult leukemia highlighted in New England Journal of Medicine

...or of prognosis known to date. After discussing B lymphocytes -- the type of white blood cell that gives rise to CLL, the biology of leukemic lymphocytes and the clinical course of CLL as it relates to the biology, the authors then offer a unifying hypot...

Jefferson Virologists Coax HIV Out of Hiding

...ore. It’s probably asub-population of blood cells, lymphocytes not stimulated by IL-2 orOKT3. There could be other reservoirs as well.?Ultimately, he says, the answer to the latency problem may entail usinga combination of drugs. “We may need more than one drug to stimulatevirus from latency, similar to using HA...

Enzyme allows B cells to resist death, leading to leukemia

...terized by theprogressive accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in the blood, bonemarrow, and lymphatic tissues. I... from 40 patients with B-CLL and compared themwith lymphocytes from normal donors. They found that Lyn was markedlyoverexpressed in CLL cells and an unusual amount...

Circles Of DNA Might Help Predict Success Of Stem Cell Transplantation

... a population of infection-fighting cells called T lymphocytes in a child. This research, by investigators at St....ecursor" immune cells into specialized T cells. T lymphocytes are specialized immune cells carrying proteins called receptors on their surface. The target that a ...

Scientists identify new model Of NK cell development

...ries ?T cells, B cells and NK cells. Although all lymphocytes stem from a common source ?progenitor cells in the bone marrow ?they take different paths in developing into full-fighters in the immune system. For example, cells destined to become T cells, sophisticated and highly focused killer cells, are release...

The very unexpected life and death of a leukemic cell

...lieved that CLL was a static disease of long-lived lymphocytes -- that the leukemia cells were both immortal and born at a slow rate, causing the slow rise in cell count over time. But researchers had been unable to find any problems with the programmed cell death machinery in CLL cells. This was a hint that per...

TEL2 gene cooperates with MYC gene to provoke B-cell lymphomas

..., a gene that orchestrates the ability of abnormal lymphocytes to commit suicide--ridding the body of potentially...of apoptosis becomes sluggish, the population of B lymphocytes increases. The greater the number of these cells, the more likely some of them will eliminate their ...

Antibiotic might fight HIV-induced neurological problems

...recruited to the brain during HIV infection -- and lymphocytes -- immune cells that carry "sleeping" HIV and SIV even when antiretroviral treatment is effective. "If this preliminary observation holds up, minocycline could be really important for treating HIV infection in developing countries where access to tr...

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

...an important central regulator of gene activity in lymphocytes and many other kinds of cells," says Michael Lairm... led by Lairmore that examine how HTLV-1 affects T lymphocytes and causes cancer. The p12 gene is called an "accessory gene" because the protein encoded by the ge...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...s have shown that XBP1 helps immune cells called B lymphocytes develop into antibody-generating plasma cells. Pla...cells in the transplanted mice, but their mature B lymphocytes were defective. Without IRE1, lymphocytes don't develop a B cell receptor and don't have the right r...

Affymetrix Launches New Globin-Reduction Kits and Protocol Developed with PreAnalytiX

...ression associated with white blood cells, such as lymphocytes and monocytes. Counteracting the effects of globin mRNA during target preparation significantly increases assay sensitivity on GeneChip arrays. The GeneChip Globin Reduction Protocol links PreAnalytiX' already proven standard for whole blood collect...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

...ications increased the chances that cells known as lymphocytes would recognize the trespassers and attack them. "Now that we know that some T cells need to see these types of modifications to identify an invader, we can see if incorporating such changes into the proteins is helpful for vaccination," says senior...

Fox Chase study shows that weakened T-cell receptor signals change T-cell lineage

...gnition and destruction of invading pathogens by T lymphocytes is essential to the ability of humans to resist disease," said Wiest. "T cells recognize these invaders by means of a surface structure called the T-cell antigen receptor complex, or TCR." Two distinct lineages of T cells utilize distinct types of T...

Natural Killers Could Lead to New Hepatitis Treatments

... different from the kind of classical mechanism of lymphocytes rolling through vessels with the blood flow and when they are activated coming to a stop and then crossing through vessel walls in response to a signal.?/p> The researchers observed that the roving NKT cells stopped their movement when alerted by...

B cells are required for development of epithelial cancer associated with chronic inflammation

...ished in the May issue of Cancer Cell identifies B lymphocytes as important regulators of premalignancy associate... The results suggest that drugs targeted against B lymphocytes or recruitment of innate immune cells toward premalignant tissue may represent a viable strategy to ...

NCI Researchers Confirm the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy Approach to Treating Melanoma

...own (autologous) activated lymphocytes. Autologous lymphocytes are white blood cells that have been removed from ...emotherapy drugs were used to reduce the number of lymphocytes circulating in the blood, therefore reducing competition for the newly activated tumor-fighting lymp...

New imaging technology shown to detect pancreatic inflammation in type 1 diabetes

... Early in this process, white blood cells called T lymphocytes infiltrate the islets of the pancreas (an inflamma...s to become leaky. Over time, this infiltration of lymphocytes destroys the beta cells, leading to high blood glucose and full-blown diabetes. Today, the only accu...

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Successful Vaccine Trial In Dogs

...ation of certain cells of the immune system, the T lymphocytes of type Th1. These induce the infected macrophages to produce nitric oxide, highly toxic for cells. This process, which did not occur in the untreated dogs, thus enables macrophages to get rid of the parasites that are infecting them. The animal thus...

Results of world's first gene therapy trial for arthritis show approach safe, feasible

...hritis, immune system cells called macrophages and lymphocytes colonize the lining of joints where they release proteins called cytokines that modulate communication between the immune cells and synovial cells, the cells that line the joint. As the researchers discovered in earlier animal studies, synovial cells...

Researchers discover new tumor defense system

...including a loss of the ability of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize the tumor and a physical barrier separating the lymphocytes and the tumor. Now, Dr. Alan M. Kleinfeld and Clifford Okada of the Torrey Pines Institute for Mole...

Zinc supplements safe for HIV-infected children

...tion is safe for HIV-infected children. The CD4+ T lymphocytes and hemoglobin concentrations also were similar between the two study groups. Importantly, HIV-infected children who received zinc supplementation were less likely to get watery diarrhea. "Programs to increase zinc supplementation in populations wit...

Infant transplant patients resist infections that kill adult AIDS patients

...ze many different microorganisms. The diversity of lymphocytes is enormous. Each person has an estimated 1 billion different T cells capable of fighting various infections and another 1 billion of a different kind of immune system cell, the B cell, which produces antibodies. Yet, when the Mayo researchers looked...

Immune response to HIV in the brain

...he research team found both virus and infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) in the brain. Molecular analysis revealed that the expression of several immune response genes was increased, including CCL5, which has multiple effects on neurons as well as immune cells. CCL5 was significantly upregulated throughout ...

Experimental vaccine protects nonhuman primates when given after exposure to Marburg virus

...he research team found both virus and infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) in the brain. Molecular analysis revealed that the expression of several immune response genes was increased, including CCL5, which has multiple effects on neurons as well as immune cells. CCL5 was significantly upregulated throughout ...

BiovaxID?yields 89 percent survival in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkins

...pite an almost complete depletion of normal B-cell lymphocytes due to EPOCH-R therapy, BiovaxID did induce anti-t...onses in most patients. Depletion of normal B-cell lymphocytes is a consequence of the combination of chemotherapy and Rituxan, but not of BiovaxID therapy. Thus, ...

Retinol for combating leukemia cells

... the lymphoblastic cells without affecting healthy lymphocytes nor the rest of the normal cells. Made-to-measure treatment With the molecular action mechanism understood, researchers investigated why retinamide did not affect healthy cells and they discovered other factors to explain the phenomena. So, apart...

First human study confirms that immune cells can be a primary cause of bone loss in gum disease

...and his colleagues had found that B cells (B and T lymphocytes are immune cells) can contribute to increased periodontal bone loss coordinating with activated T-cells. Both cell types had previously been found to manifest a host immune response to the bacteria causing bone loss in animal models, by his group. ...

Montreal researchers identify defects of immune cells

...e succeeded in demonstrating that defective CD4+ T lymphocytes primarily determine the susceptibility to oral can...ents who suffer from candidiasis. Defective CD4+ T lymphocytes have long been suspected to be the leading cause of candidiasis, however, it never had been directly...

Three-in-one virus killer prevents common, often fatal infections

... of its kind, called Trivirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which control infections caused by three commonplace viruses ?cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus. Although benign in people with normal immune systems, the viruses can cause life-threatening illnesses in transplan...

Effective HIV control may depend on viral protein targeted by immune cells

... to control HIV focus on the activity of the CD8 T lymphocytes that recognize and destroy virus-infected CD4 T cells, the fact that even patients in the last stages of AIDS can have measurable CD8 responses indicates that those responses are not always effective. To investigate how variations in CD8 response al...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

...gned to attack the invader at hand. Unfortunately, lymphocytes too are capable of mistakenly destroying human cells. Thus, they have developed quality control mechanisms where they can choose to stop expanding into an army (anergy) or to commit suicide (apoptosis). The PNAS study offers new evidence that an ov...

Protein splicing upsets the DNA colinearity paradigm

...ly infected, or donated by another person - when T lymphocytes recognize antigenic peptides displayed on the cell surface. The antigens are created by 'proteasomes,' components of the cell machinery that cut foreign proteins into peptides that are then displayed on the cell surface for recognition and destructio...

Environmental toxins may cause body's defenses to worsen lung disease

... says. This will help scientists determine which lymphocytes are important for regulating damage in the lungs, ... ways to "tweak" the immune system and prevent the lymphocytes from causing additional damage to already-injured tissue. Borchers says understanding these pathwa...

Early HIV treatment fails to restore memory T cells

...ry quickly following infection, before the bulk of lymphocytes capable of countering the infection are lost. ...

Science researchers genetically transform immune cells into tumor fighters

...he patients' immune systems. "We can take normal lymphocytes from patients and convert them to tumor-reactive cells," Rosenberg says, adding that the engineered cells could be tailored to fight tumors other than melanoma. "We've identified T cell receptors that will now recognize common cancers," he notes. T...

Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

... of viral protein those molecules display to the T lymphocytes that usually destroy infected cells. In a report ...ss I molecules, which activate the CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes that usually destroy infected cells. Although the CD8 response against HIV is ultimately ineffectiv...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

...first study investigating the interactions between lymphocytes (T cells), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSE...f the images showed a large number of intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) that had extensions similar to the dimensions of the fenestrations of the LSECs. These extens...

How T lymphocytes attack

...e, for the first time in vivo and real-time, how T lymphocytes infiltrate a solid tumour in order to fight it. T...rounds. The rapidity of the advance achieved by T lymphocytes is indicative of either the absence of an adversary, or defeat of the immune system in the battlefie...

Common blood test can help distinguish between mononucleosis and tonsillitis

...od tests were performed to determine the number of lymphocytes (a particular type of white blood cell involved in the body's immune response) and overall white blood cell count. Total white blood cell count was significantly increased in the tonsillitis group compared with the mononucleosis group (16,560 cell...

Novel antigen-cloning technique may boost efforts to develop a melanoma vaccine

...d stimulate a response in helper T cell clones and lymphocytes in four out of nine melanoma patients. The antigen created no response in cells taken from healthy donors. The study also showed that RPL8 might contain multiple regions that are capable of eliciting an immune response, suggesting that RPL8 may be...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...tion or cancers. Production of interferon gamma by lymphocytes against tumors is considered a sign of good prognosis; however, recent study findings indicate that this may not be the case. The findings were reported in the March 2007 issue of the European Journal of Immunology, the official journal of the Europe...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

...ice because the researchers were still able to see lymphocytes in their pancreatic islets, a tell-tale sign of pancreatic inflammation and autoimmunity. In addition, when the researchers isolated cells from the spleens of the antibody-treated mice and injected these cells into immune-deficient NOD mice, seven of...

Scientists learn the origin of rogue B cells

...evelopment, for instance, then you would only have lymphocytes that don't express self-receptors at all," he says. For now, the step forward to understand where these self-directed cells are coming from is a big one. "Our objective is to understand the ins and outs of this process," says Casellas. ...

Major gene study uncovers secrets of leukemia

...es. Normally, the body eliminates differentiated B lymphocytes that have failed to assemble the right genes to ma... supposed to attack. However, if these defective B lymphocytes do not differentiate because of the mutations, the body will not recognize them as defective immune ...

How 'memory' T cells curb the spread of viruses throughout the body

...ccurs when the immune system produces cells called lymphocytes that specifically attack and eliminate the virus a...fection. After the infection subsides, most of the lymphocytes die but some remain in the body as “memory lymphocytes” and protect the body from recurrence of the ...