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Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...insulin in response to blood glucose. "The bottom line is that if you don't have delivery of enough nutrients from the mother to the baby, the baby's pancreatic cells will be programmed abnormally," said principal investigator Mary-Elizabeth Patti, M.D., Assistant Investigator in Joslin's Research Sectio...

Anti-bacterial additive widespread in U.S. waterways

...or unknowingly, answer to everyday in the checkout line ofthe grocery store," said Dr. Halden....

Timing is everything: First step in protein building revealed

...protein-building machinery recognizes the starting line for a gene'sinstructions, it first alters its structure and then releases a factorknown as eIF1, a step necessary to let it continue reading the assemblyinstructions. Even though yeast are the most primitive relatives ofhumans, the protein-building m...

Research on Worms Yields Clues on Aging

... longevity," Kornfeld says. "We're continuing this line ofresearch to identify the precise functions of the nervous system thatcause the worms to live longer."Because the researchers found that anticonvulsants affect the nervoussystem of C. elegans, they also plan to use the worms as modelorganisms to inv...

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...ng in wild salmon habits. "There's a double bottom line here. The full ecological costs of industrial scale salmon farming must be quantified as well as the economic ones," says Volpe. "For the migratory runs we studied, there may be very little time left." ...

New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species

...ypothesis that suggests we all trace to an ancient line that first evolved in Africa and then displaced other hominids as recently as 50,000 years ago. Ian McDougall of Australian National University (ANU), Frank Brown of the University of Utah and John Fleagle of Stony Brook University, report their fin...

Open microfluidic and nanofluidic systems

... pinned contact lines into account. Such a contact line is visible in the upper right image in Figure 1. I...theoretically expects new effects arising from the line tension of the contact line, but such nanochannels have not been studied experimentally so far. The...

Nanogen Issued Patent for Electronic Microarray With Memory

...ilable in 2005. Nanogen's subsidiary SynX offers a line of point-of-care diagnostic tests and is building expertise in cardiac related health conditions. Nanogen's ten years of pioneering research involving nanotechnology may also have future applications in medical diagnostics, biowarfare and other indus...

NYC's First Rapid HIV Drug-resistant AIDS Case Prompts Call to Step Up HIV Prevention

...s and providers can usually find a second or third line drug therapy regimen for effective treatment. This man's strain of infection appears to be much more pathogenic, much more able to wreak havoc with his immune system, and medical providers and public health officials are being well-advised to work cl...

Plants defy Mendel's inheritance laws, may prompt textbook changes

...itt said the discovery has opened an important new line of thinking. The other researchers involved with this study were Jennifer Victor, a former Purdue graduate student now at Butler University; and Jessica Young, a botany and plant pathology laboratory technician. Lolle, a Purdue research scientist, i...

Scientists identify new model Of NK cell development

...nts of the body's immune system that are the first line of defense against cancer and infectious diseases. Scientists have believed for years that human NK cells are generated in bone marrow, but Michael Caligiuri, director of the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center and the senior author of the study, says r...

New Insights Into HIV Immunity Suggest Alternative Approach to Vaccines

...natively, we can develop ways to induce that first line of polyspecific antibody defense during vaccination, if these antibodies are not harmful to those being vaccinated," Haynes said. "We now have a window into how to study HIV vaccines from the host side of the problem," he said. Collaborators on the...

Wisconsin researchers identify sleep gene

... of them supplied by Ganetsky's lab, and found one line of them that slept one-third the amount of normal flies. Put through a series of tests, the short-sleeping flies, named minisleep (mns), were found to perform normally and did not appear to be impaired by sleep deprivation. The mns flies, however, di...

Researchers devise way to mass-produce embryonic stem cells

...ells, and the researchers have yet to decide which line of stem cells to use.The mouse embryonic stem cells used in this study were provided by ATCC, an organization that supplies lines of embryonic stem cell lines. ...

Epstein-Barr virus protein crucial to its role in blood cancers

...says. The investigators are actively pursuing this line of investigation for developing potential therapies. ...

Defensins neutralize anthrax toxin

...says. The investigators are actively pursuing this line of investigation for developing potential therapies. ...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

...eyerhoff. "Your endothelial cells---the cells that line all of your blood vessels---generate nitric oxide. The nitric oxide produced in this layer of cells diffuses back into the blood vessel walls, where it relaxes surrounding muscle cells and increases blood flow. It also diffuses into the lumen of the ...

Low level of extinction during ice age linked to adaptability

... degrees of the equator, roughly as far south as a line between present-day Raleigh, Memphis and Albuquerque or nearly as far north as Buenos Aires. Powell tackled the question of why extinction rates were so low during that great ice age by closely examining geographic patterns of evolution and extinctio...

Transgenic plants remove more selenium from polluted soil than wild plants, new tests show

...Luis Drain and two that contained clean soil. One line of Indian mustard plants was engineered to produce... incurring harm. In the field trial, the APS plant line absorbed 4.3 times more selenium than the wild-type plants. The other two transgenic lines were eng...

Stem cells from brain transformed to produce insulin at Stanford

...hich neural stem cells transformed into cells that line blood vessels - a far cry from a neuron. "That work gave us confidence that these cells could become more than neuronal cells," Kim said. Working with the cells in a lab dish, Kim and postdoctoral fellow Yuichi Hori, MD, PhD, now an associate profes...

Key mechanism in genetic inheritance during cell division identified

...pindles across which duplicate sets of chromosomes line up. During this phase, it is critical that the spindles maintain their structural integrity so that they can segregate a single copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell. After which, the microtubules again disassemble and reform back into skelet...

Products containing specific probes for detecting alternative splice forms protected

...r the microarrays in ExonHit's SpliceArray product line launched earlier this year. The genome profiling market is rapidly growing, and SpliceArrays are the only commercially available microarrays designed to detect alternative splicing. Current SpliceArray products include GPCR, Ion Channel, and Nuclear ...

New insight into regulation of blood stem cells

... used genetics to identify the causative gene. One line mapped to a mutation in the gene c-Myb, which has a known role in regulation of blood formation. Interestingly, they found that c-Myb is not required for every step of hematopoiesis or for every type of blood cell. Instead, c-Myb is critical for ver...

Solutions that reduce death of marine life reeled in by International Smart Gear Competition

...isheries. Beverly's idea is to weigh down the main line with lead weights and release or "set" the baited hooks at depths deeper than 100 meters (328 feet), which allows longline fishermen to minimize encounters with sea turtles while maximizing their tuna catch. Successful testing of this idea has been c...

Study: 'homemade' gene expression technology unreliable

...s, acquiring data and other elements. "The bottom line is that if you use commercial platforms, you get very good interlaboratory consistency and correlation of data," Spencer said. "We've now entered a new era in which we can move forward confident that we have reliable platforms." And this is particul...

Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication

...s buried an array of 22 geophones along a straight line extending 1,000 feet from the waterhole. The array gave them the opportunity to record hundreds of seismic rumbles from elephants and other visitors--the most comprehensive study of large animal seismicity ever attempted in the wild. Breeding herds ...

New tumor-suppressor gene discovered

... found that tumors no longer developed within this line of flies in individuals that had incorporated the ...cientists began their research when they found one line of the Drosophila fly, a model laboratory species, which developed tumors on their bodies. Lai suspe...

Turning viruses into allies against cancer

... beacon for radioactive iodine, providing a second line of attack against the cancer cells, technically known as radio-virotherapy. "These results clearly demonstrate the high potential of this modified virus to serve as a novel vector for cancer gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma," said Boris Blec...

Double triumph in stem cell quest

...National University claimed to have created an ESC line from a cloned human embryo for the first time. But...ning an average of only 17 eggs was needed per ESC line (Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.1112286). The donor "adult" cells came from patients aged 2 to 56, w...

Of mice and men's (and women's) contraceptives

... specific only to the germ line," says Hecht. Germ line refers to the group of cells that give rise to either sperm or eggs in animals, as opposed to all other cell types, which are called somatic cells. "There are many proteins whose deletion will cause male infertility, and others for creating female in...

Affymetrix Launches New Globin-Reduction Kits and Protocol Developed with PreAnalytiX

... isolation of RNA with Affymetrix' leading product line for microarray-based analysis of whole blood cellular RNA profiles. "An accurate picture of in vivo gene expression profiles is essential for understanding gene regulation as it relates to different disease states and a patient's response to drug th...

Scientists generate patient-specific stem cells, Science study says

...otocols that yielded the first embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human blastocyst. (Science 12 March ...sing improved laboratory methods. The single cell line generated in the 2004 Science paper resulted from nuclear transfer in which the oocyte and non-repro...

SuperLigands - a database of ligand structures derived from the Protein Data Bank

...otocols that yielded the first embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human blastocyst. (Science 12 March ...sing improved laboratory methods. The single cell line generated in the 2004 Science paper resulted from nuclear transfer in which the oocyte and non-repro...

Fox Chase study shows that weakened T-cell receptor signals change T-cell lineage

...nclear, delta-gamma T cells seem to form the first line of response against external disease-causing agents, including bacterial infections, tissue damage and stress," Wiest said. "Laboratory mice unable to make delta-gamma T cells heal skin injuries more slowly. "Immune surveillance, the body mechanism ...

Where bacteria get their genes

...The widespread exchange of genes does not blur the line of descent because the acquired genes get lost from the genome at a later point or, if they do persist, the bacteria then transmit them to their offspring. Being able to classify bacteria is crucial for medicine, Ochman said. "If you go to the docto...

UCLA study assesses cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis B drugs

...expensive and better to use only after other first line therapies have failed," said Dr. Brennan M. R. Spiegel, study author and co-director, Center for the Study of Digestive Healthcare Quality and Outcomes and assistant professor of medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los An...

Embryonic Stem Cells Treated With Growth Factor Reverse Hemophilia In Mice: UNC Researchers

...normally found at that site. The new study used a line of mouse ES cells developed in the laboratory of senior co-author Dr. Oliver Smithies, Excellence professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at UNC. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Smithies has won many honors for gene targeting, a...

Disabling gene defuses rheumatoid arthritis in mice

...se for Foxo3a's activities, Peng's group created a line of mice where Foxo3a had been disabled and studied...s. As a follow-up, Peng decided to inject the new line of mice with antibodies that normally induce a condition like rheumatoid arthritis. But the mice rem...

15 generations of untrained jocks, couch potatoes show big physiological adaptations

...with G7. The G7 untrained rats from the "athletic" line had a greater running endurance and increased oxygen consumption (12%) than the "couch potatoes." These differences were mainly due to peripheral improvements (skeletal muscle) rather than central physiological changes in the cardiovascular or respir...

High fidelity keeps human DNA assembly line humming

...t does not mean mistakes never occur. The assembly line analogy holds up there. The human system has an acceptable level of error required to allow for the speed at which cells must reproduce. "RNA polymerase is one of nature's great designs," Burton said. RNA polymerases are found in bacteria, yeast, pl...

Hopkins AIDS experts issue warning about global efforts to provide drug therapies

...e most severely affected AIDS patients be first in line for therapy. According to McGough, "medical criteria are never completely neutral, and they have to be balanced against the society being served, so the patient-selection criteria need to be developed locally and to incorporate local values about pr...

Grass makes environmentally friendly biofuel

...an with wood pelleting," says Cherney. "The bottom line is that pelletized grass has the potential to be a major affordable, unsubsidized fuel source capable of meeting home and small business heating requirements at less cost than all available alternatives." ...

Discovery could be key to bioterrorism defense

...tified the cell receptor by analyzing a human cell line that was resistant to virus infection against two susceptible cell lines. The results of the research were published in the July 26 edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "We identified genes that are coded for known and pre...

Studies reveal how plague disables immune system, and how to exploit the process to make a vaccine

...olleagues show how Y. pestis annihilates the first line of defense in the host's immune system before it can generate a full response. The researchers infected mice with Y. pestis. Two to three days later they harvested cells from organs where the bacteria tend to cluster. They used a dye to stain those ...

Immune system's distress signal tells bacteria when to strike back

... and Pyocyanin. PA-I causes the barrier cells that line the host's bowel to become more permeable, which renders them more susceptible to the microbe's toxins. Pyocyanin enhances the germ's ability to pass through the weakened bowel wall, enter the bloodstream and invade tissue. "Our goal," Alverdy said,...

Where Bacteria Get Their Genes

...The widespread exchange of genes does not blur the line of descent because the acquired genes get lost from the genome at a later point or, if they do persist, the bacteria then transmit them to their offspring. Being able to classify bacteria is crucial for medicine, Ochman said. "If you go to the docto...

Researcher gets NSF grant to create mutant maize lines

...on is that a single gene will be disrupted in each line while the 50,000 or so other genes are kept exactl...se search for a DNA sequence and identify a single line of maize with a single disruption in the genome," says Brutnell, who notes that the project could ex...

Study: Harmless virus kills some cancers

... cancers. Epithelial cells are those that cover or line all of the internal and external parts of the body. No matter the type of epithelial cancer cells, when treated with AAV2, all cancer cells were dead in six days. Though previous have investigated the cancer-targeting potential of AAV2, none allowed ...

Wild grasses and man-made wheats advance research capabilities

... up to 15 years trying to get a desired trait in a line of wheat. ...

Insects develop resistance to engineered crops

...that same toxin in a dual-gene plant. And when one line of defense starts to fail, it puts more pressure on the second toxin in a pyramided plant to control the insect," Shelton added. While single-gene Bt plants are most prevalent, industry trends suggest that pyramided plants may be favored in the futu...

Retroviral resistance gene found

... FEZ1 expression in a specific laboratory rat cell line caused a significant block to retroviral infection ?retroviruses were able to enter the host cells and synthesize the viral DNA, but were excluded from entering the host cell nucleus. "We suspect that the overexpression of FEZ1 interferes with intra...

'Jumping genes' contribute to the uniqueness of individual brains

...ted mobility convincingly in cells other than germ line cells," says Gage. Apart from their activity in testis and ovaries, jumping L1 elements are not only unique to the adult brain but appear to happen also during early stages of the development of nerve cells. The Salk team found insertions only in ne...

New lead reported in tumor angiogenesis

... a protein displayed on the surfaces of cells that line the walls of our blood vessels. This physical inte.... "For endothelial cells, which are the cells that line the walls of the blood vessels, there is no indication that resistance is a problem. It's an intrigu...

Researchers uncover E. coli's defense mechanism

... just the first step in what Spiro hopes will be a line of research aimed at disrupting the mechanism by which the bacteria rids itself of the poisonous nitric oxide. "If we can interfere with the mechanism, it could lead to better antibiotics and better treatments," said Spiro. ...

For first time, brain cells generated in a dish

...son's disease or epilepsy. "It's like an assembly line to manufacture and increase the number of brain cells," said Bjorn Scheffler, M.D., a neuroscientist with UF's College of Medicine. "We can basically take these cells and freeze them until we need them. Then we thaw them, begin a cell-generating proc...

Secrets to antibody's success against West Nile Virus surprise scientists

...fective West Nile antibody earlier this year. In a line of mice genetically altered to increase vulnerability to the virus, they found injection of the new antibodies could boost survival rates of mice infected with the virus to greater than 90 percent. Scientists at Macrogenics are working on the prel...

Lance Armstrong through a physiological lens: hard training boosts muscle power 8%

...s previous surgeries and chemotherapy" and were in line with measurements expected from highly trained athletes during periods of detraining, Coyle added later. The study notes that these findings could be "important because it provides insight, although limited, regarding the recovery of 'performance ph...

Expanding forests darken the outlook for butterflies, study shows

...ws. According to Roland, the altitude of the tree line in the Canadian Rockies is rising--likely due to global warming--and, outside of national parks, forest fires are usually suppressed. These factors are combining to create larger forests and smaller alpine meadows. This is bad news for butterflies in...

Slipping past the blood brain barrier: Research shows potential treatment for brain cancer

...ne Early Edition the week of Aug. 22. "The bottom line is, if you can get drugs into the brain, you can cure brain cancer," says William A. Banks, M.D., professor of geriatrics in the department of internal medicine and professor of pharmacological and physiological science at Saint Louis University Scho...

New technique rapidly detects illness-causing bacteria

... test tube and a positive result shows up as a red line on a strip, much like a pregnancy test. Newly designed software gives researchers a powerful tool for increasing the sensitivity of the analysis. The method may help researchers and companies that are in the business of tracking food-borne pathogens...