layer in Biological News

Researchers create freestanding nanoparticle films without fillers

... consist of an inorganic core coated with a thin layer of organic molecules. These particles are not ... them is described in the article "Sacrificial layer electrophoretic deposition of freestanding ... in integrated circuits is an insulating layer that separates the gate, which turns current flow ...

Jeepers creepers: Climate change threatens endangered honeycreepers

... Atkinson. In addition, the tropical inversion layer often visible as a thin cloud layer around high peaks -- may play a more significant ... bird habitat, the authors wrote. The inversion layer forms as cool, dry air meets warm, moist air, ...

Princeton geoscientist offers new evidence that meteorite did not wipe out dinosaurs

... visible in rock formations, which contain a thin layer of clay rich in the element iridium. Because ... asteroid that struck Chicxulub is visible as a layer of glassy beads of molten rock that rained down ... second is about 150,000 years later and seen in a layer of sandstone with Chicxulub impact glass beads ...

Laughing hyenas, wailing levees, the sound of cheese and blaring bagpipes

... testing is particularly important when an upper layer of soil is dry and an underlying layer wet. Then the upper layer becomes unstable and landslides can occur. ...

Model tissue system reveals cellular communication via amino acids

... which hepatocytes (liver cells) are embedded in a layer of collagen and covered with a layer of endothelial cells the cells that line blood ... collagen, proline was secreted by the endothelial layer of the liver model, taken up by hepatocytes and ...

February 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights

... however, that if a variable-thickness chemical layer exists at the base of the mantle, consistent with ... distinct plumes types is expected. The chemical layer governs temperature and, thus, viscosity variations in the thermal boundary layer from which mantle plumes rise. A locally ...

Cell 'anchors' required to prevent muscular dystrophy

... form and protect the cells' thin plasma-membrane layer from forces exerted by muscle cells contracting. ... work appears in Cell journal. The protective layer is located at a very particular place on the ... Bennett said. When the protective protein layer isn't present, muscle contraction forces may ...

Caltech researchers get first 3-D glimpse of bacterial cell-wall architecture

... penicillin is actually made up of a thin single layer of carbohydrate chains, linked together by ... the sacculi and flattening them in a very thin layer of water, postdoctoral scholar Lu Gan, the ... "We also saw that the sacculus is just a single layer thick." "This is a clear answer to this old ...

MIT creates tiny backpacks for cells

... function, stacked onto a surface. The bottom layer tethers the polymer to the surface, the middle layer contains the payload, and the top layer serves as a "hook" that catches and binds cells. ...

Geologist who linked cosmic strike to dinosaurs' extinction takes top prize

... Italian town of Gubbio. In it, he found a thin layer of red clay in which the shells of tiny sea ... and Helen Michel, Alvarez discovered that this layer harbored an abnormal amount of iridium, a metal ... Eventually he and others found the iridium layer in many locations. In the western United States ...

Chemists make beds with soft landings

... biology. Now, chemists have succeeded in making a layer of tiny protein coils attached to a surface, much ... they deposited the peptides on the support layer in one of two ways, starting either from a liquid ... When the chemists treated the thin layer with sound waves to test how easily the peptides ...

Finding the real potential of no-till farming for sequestering carbon

... in NT soils have primarily focused on the surface layer (<20-cm soil depth), and not for the whole soil ... five out of 11 soils, but only within the surface layer (0- to 10-cm depth). Below the 10-cm depth, NT ... to about 2-m depth rather than the surface layer only. Blanco and Lal also indicated that NT ...

Cells lining milk ducts hold key to spread of common form of breast cancer

... But when certain genes in the myoepithelial layer become under- or overactive, the layer breaks down and disappears, enabling tumor cells ... to the disappearance of the myoepithelial layer and the beginning of tumor invasion." The ...

Findings a step toward making new optical materials

... colloidal crystal," or a precisely ordered layer of particles. This is a critical step toward ... of chemical engineering. "Making the first layer is very difficult, so we have taken an important ... pattern as carbon atoms in diamonds. The first layer could be a starting point for growing the ...

Journey to the center of the earth: Discovery sheds light on mantle formation

... that could shed new light on the mantle, the vast layer that lies beneath the planets outer crust. These ... analyze these rocks. The mantle, the rock layer that comprises about 70 percent of the Earths ... the Earth, geologists believe the mantle is a layer of well-mixed rock. Fresh mantle rock wells up ...

2007 ozone hole 'smaller than usual'

... North America, and the minimum value of the ozone layer is around 120 Dobson Units. A Dobson Unit is a ... that describes the thickness of the ozone layer in a column directly above the location being ... this years smaller hole a thinning in the ozone layer over the South Pole is due to natural variations ...

Layered approach may yield stronger, more successful bone implants

... Once new bone has grown into the macroporous layer and increased its strength, the absorbable fibers in the strong layer dissolve and create additional macroporous ... covers and strengthens a weaker, macroporous layer (spongy bone). The two pastes used in the ...

AGU journal highlights -- Aug. 6, 2009

... to the stratosphere through what is known as the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). To better understand how compounds are transported through the TTL, ... Title: Process regulating short-lived species in the tropical tropopause layer Authors: A. Gettleman and M. Park: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, ...

Skin-like tissue developed from human embryonic stem cells

... specialized cell populations. The first population forms the surface layer (ectodermal, the precursor to epithelial tissue), while the second is found beneath the surface layer (mesenchymal). Following the isolation and characterization of these ...

Fossil bone bed helps reconstruct life along California's ancient coastline

... seal, dolphin and fish skeletons, comprise a unique six-to-20-inch-thick layer of fossil bones, 10 miles of it exposed, that covers nearly 50 square ... some articulated skeletons of seals and whales were found, while in the layer above the bone bed, most skeletons were articulated and encased in ...

Aluminum-oxide nanopore beats other materials for DNA analysis

... make the sensor, the researchers begin by using a technique called atomic layer deposition to produce a very thin film of aluminum oxide on a silicon ... of approximately 50 nanometers. Thinner membranes are possible with atomic layer deposition, Bashir said, and would offer higher resolution of the ...

Are you okay to kiss?

... the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is remarkable. In the top layer of the biofilm, the bacterium take the glycoproteins in the saliva and chop off sugar residues to produce volatile proteins. On the lower layer in the biofilm, which could roughly be compared to one's tongue or inner ...

Mountain on Mars may answer big question

... This supports a previous theory that where Olympus Mons now stands, a layer of sediment once rested that may have been hundreds of meters thick. ... said the researchers. Fluids embedded in an impermeable, pressurized layer of clay sediment would allow the kind of slipping motion that would ...

Forget the freezer: Research suggests novel way to control water behavior

... demonstrated a previously unknown phase of water consisting of a layer of mobile water sandwiched between two layers of "frozen" water adjacent ... indicating that the phase would persist indefinitely without the middle layer freezing, if conditions were kept stable, said Debenedetti. When the ...

New version of Google Earth features California's marine protected areas

... and innovative web-based graphics for the Marine Protected Area (MPA) layer of Ocean in Google Earth," said Steven Gaines, director of the Marine ... to Sarah Lester, project scientist at MSI. The Marine Protected Area layer of Ocean in Google Earth includes an animation showing the effect of ...

Census of Marine Life and ocean in Google Earth bring ocean information to life

... learning more about marine life available on the new Census of Marine Life layer in Ocean in Google Earth. Ocean in Google Earth, which enables user to ... have found new life on nearly every expedition. In the Census layer of this new feature of Google Earth, we provide rare glimpses of ...

Caltech researchers get first look at how groups of cells coordinate their movements

... particular attention to the movements of cells in the mesoderm--the inner layer of cells in the early embryo--relative to the cells in the ectoderm, or outer layer of cells. (The endoderm, the innermost of the three primary germ cell ...

Mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and cancer give clues to new therapies

... the pathway known as the endothelin axis. The endothelium is the thin layer of cells lining every blood vessel of the body from the smallest capillaries to the largest arteries and even the heart itself. This layer separates the blood from the vessel walls and the smooth muscles whose ...

Montana State partnership receives $66.9M for carbon sequestration

... that will inject a million tons of carbon dioxide into the sandstone rock layer beneath southwestern Wyoming. The award marks the third and final phase ... infrastructure and drilling an 11,000-foot well into the sandstone rock layer west of Big Piney, Wyo. Then, during year's three through five of the ...

New filtering technology has environmental, industrial applications

... on the membrane while water passes through. The membrane consists of a layer of material called polyethylene glycol, and each molecule is tipped with a ... is poured onto the filter, the oil forms on top of the material like a layer of cream," Youngblood said. When a fluid lands on the surface of the ...

New life beneath sea and ice

... cut off from the Atlantic around 250 million years ago. Its salt became a layer of rock salt, called evaporite, which was then buried by windblown sediment. Now the sea is filled again, the salt layer has been exposed in some places, perhaps by small seaquakes, and the salts ...

Nanoscale coating protect products -- and the economy

... "We grow the film in layers so that the growth of tiny crystals within a layer is stopped at a particular size, which allows us to control their ... It's the arrangements of the molecules in the tiny crystals embedded in a layer that ultimately determine film characteristics, says Aita. Aita's lab ...

Salk researchers successfully reprogram keratinocytes attached to a single hair

... Medicine in Barcelona, Spain. Keratinocytes form the uppermost layer of skin and produce keratin, a tough protein that is the primary constituent of hair, nails and skin. They originate in the basal layer of the epidermis, from where they move up through the different layers of ...

When it comes to forest soil, wildfires pack 1-2 punch

... before and after the fire. They found that the combustion of the organic layer at the soil's surface, including woody debris, caused intense, 1,300 ... amounts of carbon and nitrogen from the underlying mineral soil layer and left mostly ash behind. What was more surprising to the researchers ...

Genetic finding implicates innate immune system in major cause of blindness

... evidence of proteins expressed by SERPING1 in the retina and the choroid layer (the vascular layer next to the retina), the two areas affected by AMD. These proteins are ...

Taking the next step toward advanced artificial limbs

... Pins, associate professor of biomedical engineering, will focus on the top layer of skin, the epidermis, and study how those skin cells interact with a ... associate professor of biomedical engineering, will examine the deeper layer of skin tissue called the dermis, to analyze how it reacts to the stresses ...

Remote technology sees through ice, snow and hot air to monitor power plants

... determine how much energy is kept inside the lake because there's an ice layer over it," Salvaggio says. "The size of the melted hole is our only ... than infraredto determine the thickness of the insulating snow and ice layer and to estimate its insulating capacity. Salvaggio, Arsenovic and Alex ...

American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- Aug. 6, 2008

... reporting development of the world's thinnest balloon, made of a single layer of graphite just one atom thick. This so-called graphene sealed ... cellular compartments to mechanical pressure sensing. Graphene, a single layer of graphite, is the upper limit: A chemically stable and electrically ...

Life in a bubble

... rough, water-repellent coat, when submerged these insects trap a thin layer of air on their bodies. These bubbles not only serve as a finite oxygen ... by water-repellent material is supplied with oxygen by the thin air layer on its surface. The surface area required to support human respiration is ...

AGU journal highlights -- July 23, 2008

... warming It is well established that the troposphere, the atmospheric layer closest to the Earth's surface, significantly influences the circulation of the stratosphere, the layer above the troposphere. The alternate possibility, that the stratosphere ...