Intestinal in Biological News

NIH expands Human Microbiome Project; funds sequencing centers and disease projects

... inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, the intestinal microbiome, and bacterial proteins will be ... Disease $980,000 This study will analyze the intestinal microbiome and disease subjects' genetic factors ... will examine the potential connection between the intestinal microbiome and the development of necrotizing ...

Research could lead to new non-antibiotic drugs to counter hospital infections

... cause of lung infections, it is also found in the intestinal tract of 20 percent of all Americans and 50 ... the hundreds of bacteria that colonize the human intestinal tract, usually causing no apparent harm. It might ... that phosphate depletion in the stressed intestinal tract signals P. aeruginosa to become lethal. ...

Tips from the American Journal of Pathology

... suggests that bacterial lymphotoxin disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier function. They report these ... rodentium ( C. rodentium ), can breach the intestinal epithelial barrier, entering the blood and ... attractive alternative to antibiotics in treating intestinal injury and preventing extraintestinal ...

For fats, longer may not be better

... Long-chain fats, it turns out, promote increased intestinal absorption of pro-inflammatory bacterial ... long-chain fats need to be first packaged by the intestinal cells into particles known as chylomicrons (large ... to be correct; when they treated cultured human intestinal cells with oleic acid they observed significant ...

NTDs burden in Latin America and the Caribbean may exceed that of HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria

... region. They include tens of millions of cases of intestinal worm infections, and almost 10 million cases of ... The most burdensome NTDs, such as Chagas disease, intestinal worm infections, and schistosomiasis may first ... like lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted intestinal worms that are widespread in the country. After ...

Caution on stem cell therapy

... of adult stem cell is required to generate the intestinal lining, "it wouldn't be surprising to see it is ... They are required to produce new cells for the intestinal lining as older ones wear out every two to five ... way of maintaining the intestine intact." The intestinal adult stem cells give rise to various cells in ...

Study finds healthy intestinal bacteria within chicken eggs

... scientists has long been that birds acquire the intestinal bacteria that are necessary for good health from ... relies on administering probioticsbeneficial intestinal bacteriato newly hatched chicks. Establishing a ... sterile in the egg and that chicks acquire their intestinal bacteria after hatching goes back to the 1960s, ...

Stem cells and cancer: cancer pathways that also control the adult stem cell population

... safely. That is why we have chosen to research intestinal repair as an example of how adult stem cells work ... has used genetic technology to manipulate intestinal stem cells and mimic the process by which a part ... time that loss of or damage to Apc within the intestinal crypt cells can lead to cancer, but what hasnt ...

Dissecting the genetic components of adaptation of E. coli to the mouse gut

... that facilitate the remarkably fast adaptation of intestinal bacteria within their natural environment are ... relevant system the authors analyzed the intestinal adaptation of a model bacterial strain, ... ecosystem represented by our intestine. intestinal colonization of germ-free mice by E. coli was ...

Safe and effective therapy discovered for patients with protein-losing enteropathy

... have developed the first model to study intestinal protein leakage in mice, allowing the team to ... is the specific loss of heparan sulfate (HS) from intestinal epithelial cells during PLE episodes. ... of Warwick, UK, first noticed the loss of intestinal cell HS in one of their previous collaborations. ...

Story ideas from the Journal of Lipid Research

... diarrhea. Liver-produced bile acids are intestinal detergents that break apart fats for easier ... Antonio Moschetta and colleagues targeted the intestinal receptor FXR to see if they could break this vicious cycle. When bile acids reenter intestinal cells, they attach to FXR, which in turn ...

Curbing C. difficile's toxin production

... The toxins produced by C. difficile kill human intestinal cells by causing them to burst open, allowing the ... and there is no reason to make toxin that kills intestinal cells for fuel. Lack of CodY activity, however, ... C. difficile to make the toxins needed to attack intestinal cells. Knowing what turns on, and more ...

C. difficile spores spread superbug

... "is a better understanding of the interactions between C. difficile , the intestinal microbiota and the immune system of the host - in this case the mouse - ... of new probiotic approaches, which could restore the balance of the intestinal microbiota and promote health, are clear." "This research has far ...

American Chemical Society weekly presspac -- June 10, 2009

... bacteria containing a test protein could successfully penetrate a group of intestinal cells grown in the lab and deliver the protein inside the cells while ... Listeria monocytogenes Delivers Protein and/or DNA to Fully Differentiated intestinal Epithelial Monolayers" DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT ARTICLE: ...

When intestinal bacteria go surfing

... The bacterium Escherichia coli is part of the healthy human intestinal flora. However, E. coli also has pathogenic relatives that trigger ... E.coli bacteria. During the course of an infection they infest the intestinal mucosa, causing injury in the process, in contrast to benign bacteria. ...

A worm-and-mouse tale: B cells deserve more respect

... By studying how mice fight off infection by intestinal worms a condition that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide ... actually fights off infection by a parasite. They chose to study the intestinal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus , a bright red worm about one-third of ...

'Scrawny' gene keeps stem cells healthy

... cell to differentiate into a specific type of cell, such as a skin or intestinal cell. The researchers observed the effects of scrawny on every major ... prematurely lost their stem cells in reproductive tissue, skin, and intestinal tissue. Stem cells function as a repair system for the body. They ...

Fewer deaths with preventive antibiotic use

... paste four times daily, received antibiotics through a gastric tube in the intestinal tract and by intravenous drip. The third group was the control group and ... of deaths by 3.5 percent (oral antibiotic paste, and antibiotics in the intestinal tract and by intravenous drip) and 2.9 percent (oral antibiotic paste). ...

Waste from gut bacteria helps host control weight, UT Southwestern researchers report

... DALLAS Oct. 17, 2008 A single molecule in the intestinal wall, activated by the waste products from gut bacteria, plays a large ... from it. Because mice totally lacking Gpr41 were still healthy and had intestinal function, the receptor may be a likely target for drugs that can slow, but ...

JDRF funded study links 'hygiene hypothesis' to diabetes prevention

... October 6, 2008 -- A research study funded by JDRF suggests that a common intestinal bacteria may provide some protection from developing type 1 diabetes. The ... however, the mice developed diabetes. But mice that were exposed to common intestinal bacteria maintained a lower risk for the disease. ...

Is yakult helpful in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?

... was undertaken to determine the effect of L. strain Shirota (Yakult(R)) on intestinal fermentation patterns of IBS patients. After 6 week of treatment with 1 x ... suggesting a reduction in SIBO. ERBHAL can also indicate rapid small intestinal transit and therefore, in order to confirm the effect of Yakult(R) on ...

ETH Zurich study on salmonella self-destruction

... The in-flammation is triggered by salmonellae penetrating into the intestinal tissues. Once in-side, salmonellae is killed by the immune system. This in ... A sec-ond group waits inside the gut until the inactivation of the normal intestinal flora gives them an opportunity to strike.This second group then ...

UT Health Science Center researchers study diet and autism

... 3 to 9. They will look at the influence of gluten and milk proteins in the intestinal function. Gluten is a protein in wheat; casein and whey are proteins in ... powder and half will be given a placebo powder. Researchers will study intestinal permeability (leaky gut) through urine collection and behavior through ...

New study finds uncontrollable stress worsens symptoms of endometriosis

... in the area of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, but can also affect the intestinal tract. The condition results in chronic pelvic pain, painful menstrual ... Cuevas, will present the teams findings, entitled The Pathophysiology of intestinal Endometriosis is Exacerbated by Uncontrollable Stress during the 121st ...

Where college students live can impact their weight, eating and exercise habits

... in the area of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, but can also affect the intestinal tract. The condition results in chronic pelvic pain, painful menstrual ... Cuevas, will present the teams findings, entitled The Pathophysiology of intestinal Endometriosis is Exacerbated by Uncontrollable Stress during the 121st ...

New chemical tool kit manipulates mitochondria, reveals insights into drug toxicity

... Why is it that in the rare case when a diabetic takes medication for intestinal worms, his glucose levels improve? Is there any scientific basis for the ... anti-diabetic effects. Another, called Mebendazole, is used for treating intestinal worm infections. This connection gives a rationale to case reports in ...

Gene dose affects tumor growth

... then mated those trisomic mice to mice that carry a mutation that causes intestinal tumors, similar to those seen in colon cancer in humans. The trisomic, colon cancer mice had 44 percent fewer intestinal tumors compared to the colon cancer mice without the extra 108 genes. ...

Study uncovers clues to cystic fibrosis gene dysfunction and gastrointestinal disease

... regulatory factors at this site that are known to control major aspects of intestinal cell regulation, including cell differentiation and growth. We hope ... histones, they conducted further tests which linked this process to active intestinal CFTR expression and occupation by regulatory factors known as HNF1a, Cdx2 ...

DNA methylation shown to promote development of colon tumors

... Genes and Development, found that hypermethylation boosted the number of intestinal tumors by 60-100 percent and significantly increased the average size of ... colon tumors. The scientists did this by giving mice prone to developing intestinal tumors four variations of an enzyme that causes methylation. "We wanted to ...

Your gut has taste receptors

... and diabetes. How Taste Receptors Work Prior to this research, the intestinal sugar sensors were unknown. Dr. Margolskee and his colleagues Dr. ... gut taste cells promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone that plays a key role in promoting insulin secretion and ...

The tiny difference in the genes of bacteria

... strains are pathogenic to humans. Only those strains cause severe diarrhoea known as Cholera that produce a certain bacterial toxin which attacks the intestinal wall. A less known, though also dangerous member of the genus Vibrio, is Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It is a highly contagious pathogenic germ with only ...

The tiny difference in the genes of bacteria

... strains are pathogenic to humans. Only those strains cause severe diarrhoea known as Cholera that produce a certain bacterial toxin which attacks the intestinal wall. A less known, though also dangerous member of the genus Vibrio, is Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It is a highly contagious pathogenic germ with only ...

Antibiotics take toll on beneficial microbes in gut

... ANN ARBOR, Mich. It's common knowledge that a protective navy of bacteria normally floats in our intestinal tracts. Antibiotics at least temporarily disturb the normal balance. But it's unclear which antibiotics are the most disruptive, and if the full ...

American Society for Microbiology honors Deborah T. Hung

... to dissect essential steps in pathogenesis. She published her findingsa new small molecule inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae virulence and intestinal colonization, virstatin, which directly inhibited dimerization of the virulence transcriptional activator ToxTin 2005 in Science. ...

Enzyme involved in inflammatory bowel disease discovered at Penn State College of Medicine

... used a mouse model of IBD, replicating inflammation in the intestine like that in human ulcerative colitis. Mice lacking meprin had more severe intestinal damage after drinking a solution to induce inflammation, than did the wild-type mice that have meprin. These results indicate that meprin reduces the ...

Five outstanding young gastroenterologists receive AGA Foundation 2009 Research Scholars Award

... hormones and gastric emptying in obesity Michele Battle, PhD, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee: Determining the role that GATAs play in intestinal development and function Rohit Loomba, MD, MHSc, University of California, San Diego (Designated RSA in Geriatric Gastroenterology funded by Sucampo ...

Caffeic acid inhibits colitis in a mouse model -- is a drug-metabolizing gene crucial?

... reversal of inflammatory damage was a hallmark of the efficacy of caffeic acid, a component found widely in plant foods in the human diet, to inhibit intestinal tissue damage in a mouse model commonly used to simulate colitis. Dr. Steven R. Goodman, Editor-in-Chief of Experimental Biology and Medicine said ...

The evolution of gene regulation

... mechanisms adapted the genetic activity of cells to internal and external conditions even in microorganisms. It is known, for example, that the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli in the digestive tract of young mammals can break down lactose, the sugar abundant in mother's milk. To do this, the ...

Immune genes adapt to parasites

... conducted by a team of researchers in Italy, also suggests that you might blame parasites for sculpting some of those genes into risk factors for intestinal disorders. Parasite-driven selection leaves a footprint on our DNA in the form of mutations known as "single nucleotide polymorphisms" (SNPs). ...

Rabbits on the back foot -- but naturally they're fighting back

... called Rabbit Calicivirus Australia1," she said. "Its ancestors probably came to Australia with the first rabbits 150 years ago. We found it in the intestinal tissues and we believe it has a faecal-oral mode of transmission." The CEO of the Invasive Animals CRC, Professor Tony Peacock, said rabbits are ...