Inhalation in Biological News

Data published in the New England Journal of Medicine support use of raxibacumab (ABthrax) for the treatment of inhalation anthrax

... of raxibacumab in the event of life-threatening inhalation anthrax disease. "The results published today ... was highly effective as a treatment for inhalation anthrax in both rabbits and monkeys," said Sally ... clinical setting of immediately life-threatening inhalation anthrax disease." Raxibacumab represents a new ...

Aerosol toxins from red tides may cause long-term health threat

... it to a molecule that damages DNA. Human inhalation of brevetoxins produced by the red tide ... as well as a respiratory irritation after inhalation of toxic sea spray. Groundbreaking research, ... the long-term health risk associated with inhalation of brevetoxins remains to be defined. ...

Anthrax cellular entry point uncovered

... Bacillus anthracis infection occurs in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation and through swallowing spores. The skin infection is the most common type ... treated with antibiotics if diagnosed rapidly. The more serious form is inhalation anthrax, which was diagnosed in a few adults during the anthrax scare ...

American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- Oct. 31, 2007

... Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment of pulmonary or inhalation anthrax, the most deadly form. John R. Barr and colleagues in a ... the key toxin produced by the anthrax bug, in the blood of monkeys with inhalation anthrax. The method took only four hours to identify the toxin and ...

LSUHSC shows for first time infant inhalation of ultrafine air pollution linked to adult lung disease

... a 2006 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Outstanding New Environmental Scientist awardee, is conducting research to determine how inhalation exposure to environmental factors such as allergens, pollutants, and respiratory viruses during infancy leads to pulmonary inflammatory diseases, ...

UTSA infectious disease researchers advancing vaccine against Valley fever

... as African-Americans and Filipinos who live in the Southwestern United States, have an increased incidence of the infection's symptoms, caused by the inhalation of Coccidioides spores. In approximately 40% of human Valley Fever cases, respiratory problems set in one to three weeks after inhalation. ...

Environmental exposures may damage DNA in as few as three days

... DIEGOExposure to particulate matter has been recognized as a contributing factor to lung cancer development for some time, but a new study indicates inhalation of certain particulates can actually cause some genes to become reprogrammed, affecting both the development and the outcome of cancers and other ...

Eosinophils as markers for asthma

... for a biochemical pathway in the interleukin-1 cluster," explained Dr. Matthias Wjst, who was one of the initiators of the study at the Institute of inhalation Biology of Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen. This finding confirms the results of a research group at Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen from 2004, which showed that ...

Research finds new cause of ozone wheezing and potential treatments

... Protection Agency analysis, to cost the United States $5 billion a year as a result of premature deaths, hospitalizations and school absences. inhalation of ozone can lead to irritation of the airways and increased wheezing, particularly in children and adults who have asthma and chronic obstructive ...

Comparative genomics reveals molecular evolution of Q fever pathogen

... unveil clues on the genetic features associated with pathogenicity. Q fever is considered one of the most infectious diseases in the world since inhalation of a single bacterium alone is sufficient to kick-start infection. Infection in humans typically results from contact with infected animals such as ...

Newly described contaminant sources in Katrina-flooded homes pose health risks

... Distributions Inside Flooded Homes in New Orleans, Louisiana, after Hurricane Katrina: A Modeling Study," concludes that these newly identified inhalation exposure routes could present a significant health risk to persons who simply walk inside and breathe the air in contaminated homes, even if there is ...

UI researchers find potentially toxic substance present in Chicago air

... in background air. This has important implications for human exposure to this potentially toxic compound, according to the study. "While inhalation is not widely considered to be a major exposure route for higher molecular weight PCBs, it may be an important route for PCB11," Hornbuckle said. ...

Ikaria(R) Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for Inhaled Carbon Monoxide for Delayed Graft Function in Solid Organ Transplants

... as well as the marketing and selling of its INOmax product, Ikaria is engaged in a number of Phase 2 trials with Covox(R) (carbon monoxide) for inhalation and Phase 1 trials with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for various critical care indications. Ikaria has a staff of approximately 400 people and is ...

Ikaria(R) Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for Inhaled Carbon Monoxide for Delayed Graft Function in Solid Organ Transplants

... as well as the marketing and selling of its INOmax product, Ikaria is engaged in a number of Phase 2 trials with Covox(R) (carbon monoxide) for inhalation and Phase 1 trials with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for various critical care indications. Ikaria has a staff of approximately 400 people and is ...

OSU study shows exposure to bad air raises blood pressure

... Center and co-author of the study. This builds upon previous research from Rajagopalan's team published in the journals JAMA , Circulation and inhalation Toxology . Researchers exposed rats to levels of airborne pollutants that humans breathe everyday, noting the levels were still considerably below ...

Butter-flavored popcorn ingredient suspected cause of lung disease

... Control and Prevention in Morgantown, WV.. This research, in conjunction with other recent studies, supports the conclusion that diacetyl is an inhalation hazard and further studies are needed to also investigate other agents in butter flavoring so we have the information needed to protect workers. ...

Anesthesia and Alzheimer's

... and other brain disorders. Bin Zhang, Yuanlin Dong, Rudolph Tanzi, Zhongcong Xie, and colleagues examined this possibility with commonly used inhalation anesthetics isoflurane previously and desflurane more recently. They subjected human brain cells to 12% desflurane for six hours (mimicking a ...

American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- March 26, 2008

... in southeast China. Recycling methods used in family-run workshops could pose a serious health risk to residents of the area through ingestion and inhalation of contaminated dust, the researchers say. Their study is scheduled for the April 15 issue of ACS Environmental Science & Technology, a semi-monthly ...

Black carbon pollution emerges as major player in global warming

... smog appear to be accelerating the melt of Himalayan glaciers that provide billions of people throughout Asia with drinking water. In addition, the inhalation of smoke during indoor cooking has been linked to the deaths of an estimated 400,000 women and children in south and east Asia. Elimination of ...

Ozone can affect heavier people more

... (BMI)a measure of the amount of fat a person hashad an effect on lung response to acute ozone exposure. The study published this month in the journal inhalation Toxicology found that ozone response was greater with increasing BMI. It has been known for a long time that in response to short-term exposure ...

Chemistry turns killer gas into potential cure

... own natural defensive systems. However, the problem has been finding a safe way of delivering the right dose of CO to the patient. Conventional CO inhalation can run the risk of patients or medical staff being accidentally exposed to high doses. Now for the first time, thanks to chemistry, an answer ...

PETA awards $120,000 to Duluth Foundation for advancing non-animal tests

... Administration, the Environmental Protection Service, and international regulatory testing agencies and include acute and chronic oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity, all of which cause extreme pain and suffering to the animals used. This work is fundamental to enacting the vision for a more intelligent ...

Scientists design potent anthrax toxin inhibitor

... standard antibiotic therapy for the treatment of inhalation anthrax," says NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, ... to treat anthrax, but even with such therapy, inhalation anthrax, the most severe form of the disease, has ... available to physicians confronting a case of inhalation anthrax," notes Phillip J. Baker, Ph.D., anthrax ...

Anthrax stops body from fighting back, study shows

... attacks that killed five people exposed to inhalation anthrax through the mail. The UF findings could ... spore linked to the illness. Unlike an intact inhalation anthrax spore, the pure toxin is not dangerous ... there, you're fighting a losing battle." And inhalation anthrax works fast, which is one of the reasons ...

Soft-cell approach cuts animal tests

... with the animal death toll in the rest of the world. In many inhalation studies, the toxicity of airborne chemicals is tested on laboratory ... other organs, relevant airway cells and lung cells are a major focus for inhalation studies. The advantage of using human cell lines and cultures is ...

New antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax

... at The University of Texas at Austin protects and defends against inhalation anthrax without the use of antibiotics and other more expensive ... anthrax spores in the nasal passages of guinea pigs, mimicking exposure to inhalation anthrax. The doses were 250 to 625 times what would ordinarily be lethal ...

Children of smokers have more than 5 times higher levels of a nicotine toxin

... smoke indoors in winter.’ Sleeping with a parent is a know risk factor for cot death and the authors suggest that one reason for this could be inhalation of, or closeness to clothing or other objects contaminated with, smoke particles during sleep. Nearly 40% of under-fives are believed to be ...

Hexavalent chromium in drinking water causes cancer in lab animals

... tumors. "Previous studies have shown that hexavalent chromium causes lung cancer in humans in certain occupational settings as a result of inhalation exposure," said Michelle Hooth, Ph.D., NTP study scientist for the technical report. "We now know that it can also cause cancer in animals when ...

Gallium: A new antibacterial agent?

... bacterial communities responsible for chronic bacterial infections, and killed both free-living bacteria and bacteria in biofilms. Furthermore, inhalation of Ga protected mice from both acute and chronic P. aeruginonsa lung infections. As Ga is already FDA approved for the treatment of hypercalcemia of ...

Firefighters face increased risk for certain cancers

... on varying levels of increased risk. "There's a critical and immediate need for additional protective equipment to help firefighters avoid inhalation and skin exposures to known and suspected occupational carcinogens," says Lockey, professor of environmental health and pulmonary medicine at UC. "In ...

Anthrax inhibitor counteracts toxin, may lead to new therapeutics

... therapeutics and vaccines to treat toxins that could be used as biological weapons. The current treatment for anthrax exposure is antibiotics, but inhalation anthrax still has a fatality rate of 75 percent even after antibiotics are given, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ...

Marine mammals are on the frontline of failing ocean health

... of consuming brevetoxins are not new to scientists. But Bossart and his colleagues' work on manatee die-offs associated with red tides shows that inhalation of the toxin is also a primary route of exposure. Recent lab work also suggests that long-term, repeated exposure to brevetoxins suppresses ...

New factor implicated in allergy and asthma attacks

... For a person with allergies or asthma, breathing in pollen can be a very bad thing. Within minutes of inhalation by someone sensitive to their effects, these tiny particles can trigger severe inflammation of the respiratory passages, producing uncontrollable ...

Smoking damages key regulatory enzyme in the lung

... than nonsmokers did, leading to speculation that smokers and nonsmokers may respond differently to a variety of substances administered by inhalation or intravenously, including therapeutic, anesthetic and addictive drugs. "The effects of smoking on human health are enormous; yet, little is known ...

Anthrax inhibitors identified by Burnham team

... has identified inhibitors of the anthrax toxin, termed lethal factor ("LF") that could be developed into an emergency treatment for exposure to inhalation anthrax. These findings will be published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Early Edition at the journal's website the week ...

Yale Scientists Find MicroRNA Regulates Ras Cancer Gene

... cancer currently has a poor prognosis with less than 15 percent of patients surviving five years. The lungs, however, are relatively accessible for inhalation of potential gene therapy agents. "While this is not likely to cure the cancer," said Slack, "after diagnosis, gene therapy with let-7 may be a way ...