induction

How an AIDS-Related Cancer Unleashes Inflammation

...cytokine production, the mechanism underlying this induction has remained unknown," said Ganem. In their studies, McCormick and Ganem concentrated on one protein called kaposin B, which was discovered in Ganem's laboratory, but whose function remained unknown. "The sequence of the kaposin B gene is very unusu...

Hirsute Or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell The Difference

... stimulator, TGF-β2, they saw “rapid and transient induction of Snail.?Snail proteins were absent from 17.5-day-old knockout mice lacking TGF-β2 but not from their nonmutant littermates. Conversely, transgenic mice with elevated TGF-β2 signaling activity displayed ectopic expression of Snail. Knockout mice lac...

Researchers report new pro-inflammatory role for anti-inflammatory enzyme

...d that this effect is an essential trigger for the induction of iNOS. "eNOS has until recently been thought to act principally in an anti-inflammatory manner," notes Dr. Hobbs. "The results of our study show clearly that eNOS can also act in a pro-inflammatory manner and accelerate host-defense in response to...

NYU and MSKCC research provides model for understanding chemically induced cancer initiation

...ic strategies for addressing the problem of cancer induction by environmental chemical carcinogens." The researchers added that the finding opens new horizons, at the molecular level, for understanding the effects of methylation at p53 mutation hot spots on the properties of carcinogen-DNA lesions. Current th...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...gets NAC1 mRNA is induced by auxin. The pattern of induction suggested a model wherein auxin induction of NAC1 mRNA is later followed by induction of the microRNA responsible for NAC1 mRNA cleavage. Micr...

A new molecule discovered in the battle between plants and disease

...ignaling involves the octadecanoid pathway. AtPep1 induction of defense genes in excised Arabidopsis leaves was inhibited by DPI, implicating the generation of H2O2 in the signaling pathway. Constitutively overexpressing the proAtPep1 gene in Arabidopsis induced a constitutive activation of PDF1.2, PR-1, and t...

Elevated temperature enhances success of viral cancer therapy

..., the RNA export function was restored. Therefore, induction of the heat shock response could rescue ONYX-015 r...replication of ONYX-015. This study indicates that induction of a heat shock response by pharmacological agents (that could potentially be administered systemica...

Compound from Chinese medicine shows promise in head and neck cancer

... to 90 percent of cells. This is a very impressive induction of cell death. It's because we are targeting the pathways these cells need to survive," says study author Thomas Carey, Ph.D., co-director of the Head and Neck Oncology Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center and a professor in the U-M School ...

Mechanism regulating tooth shape formulation found

...e suggested that there should be a gene inhibiting induction of cusps. The research team has now identified thi...sults indicate that there is a delicate balance of induction and inhibition in determining tooth cusps and that ectodin is a key gene in this developmental contr...

Stem cells bring fast direct improvement, without differentiation, in acute renal failure

...lored paracrine mechanisms. The former include the induction of organ-protective and repair-supporting genes in surviving renal cells, robust suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in the ARF kidney and upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes, as well as the delivery and release at the site of injury of orga...

Breast tumors in mice eradicated using cancer vaccine

... class II pathway of antigen presentation with the induction of helper T cells, others survive by escaping into the cytosol of the cell. This is important because the antigen-processing pathway that feeds antigenic peptides to the surface of the cell for recognition by killer T cells is generated in this cellu...

Eliminating bacterial infections out of thin air

...d collegues from UCSD show for the first time that induction of the HIF-1 pathway can act as a "super-antibiotic", accelerating the killing of bacteria in conditions typical of those found during bacterial infection and sepsis. The authors show that regulation of HIF-1 is required for immune defense against b...

Clean skies=faster global warming?

...d collegues from UCSD show for the first time that induction of the HIF-1 pathway can act as a "super-antibiotic", accelerating the killing of bacteria in conditions typical of those found during bacterial infection and sepsis. The authors show that regulation of HIF-1 is required for immune defense against b...

Master regulatory gene found that guides fate of blood-producing stem cells

...e stem cells became mature cell types, through the induction and loss of one its subunits, NF-Ya. "When we overexpressed NF-Ya in stem cells, the stem cells produced ten- to twenty-fold more stem cells after transplantation," says Emerson. "This makes NF-Ya the prime candidate for a master-regulatory gene for...

Model identifies genes that induce normal skin cells to become abnormal

...urther supporting the hypothesis that "epigenetic" induction of changes in skin cell gene expression is directly related to exposure to the metastatic microenvironment," the authors said. Hendrix's co-researchers on the study were Elizabeth A. Seftor; Kevin M. Brown; Lynda Chin; Dawn A. Kirshmann; William W. ...

New understanding of regeneration gained by Forsyth scientists

...ly regenerate; this has clear applications towards induction of regeneration in biomedical settings." Dr. Levin and his team ultimately hope to gain an understanding of how adult stem cells are controlled by gap-junctional communication (GJC). As reported in the November 15 issue of Developmental Biology, Dr...

Living taste cells produced outside the body

...taste cells. Although previous dogma had held that induction was somehow dependent on interactions with the nervous system, the current findings suggest otherwise. Ozdener explains, "By producing new taste cells in an in vitro system, our results demonstrate that direct stimulation from nerves is not necessary...

Newly identified mechanism helps explain why people of African descent are more vulnerable to TB

...nge found in serum samples from whites boosted the induction of cathelicidin. Scientists have long known that African Americans have less vitamin D than whites and that they are more vulnerable to TB. This study helps to resolve two of the puzzles of tuberculosis, the differences between mice and human antiba...

St. Jude projects 90 percent cure rate for ALL

...m the patient. Doctors measure MRD to determine if induction therapy has eliminated enough leukemic cells to ensure a high probability of success. Until now, researchers had to rely on the less-accurate technique of microscopic examination to determine which cells in a child's blood sample were leukemic. "MRD...

Free-radical busting antioxidants might not promote healthy hearts

...otective effect of these compounds depended on the induction of a cellular enzyme called heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 is known to protect against atherosclerosis in animal models, although the mechanism is not completely clear. Not surprisingly, HO-1 was not induced by Vitamin E. Drugs closely related to pro...

Engineered heart tissue offers insights into irregular heartbeats, defibrillator failure

... pacing can result in an accelerated heart rate or induction of ventricular fibrillation. When pacing pulses accelerate tachycardia, current ICD devices usually deliver a strong and painful shock, he said. Further study of the engineered tissues might lead to more reliable and less painful strategies for hal...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

... stem cell identity also play pivotal roles in the induction of pluripotency" in other body cells, he explained. The researchers selected 24 genes--all previously found to play a role in early embryos and embryonic stem cell identity--as candidate factors that might give body cells the ability to become oth...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

... stem cell identity also play pivotal roles in the induction of pluripotency" in other body cells, he explained. The researchers selected 24 genes--all previously found to play a role in early embryos and embryonic stem cell identity--as candidate factors that might give body cells the ability to become oth...

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

...ferentiation of endocrine progenitor cells through induction of Id, which, in its dual role, promotes their expansion, revealing a novel paradigm of signaling that explains the balance between expansion and differentiation of pancreatic epithelial progenitors. "The complications of diabetes mellitus impose en...

Making a face: A new and earlier marker of neural crest development

...s and suggest that different modes of neural crest induction operate during development," said Martín García-Castro . "Interestingly, the one we have uncovered is related to the early, cranial neural crest cells, the only ones in higher vertebrates that retain bone and cartilage forming potential." ...

Activation of microRNA inhibits cancer gene in human cancer cells

...lation of BCL6, a known proto-oncogene. Therefore, induction of miR-127 by treatment with chromatin-remodeling ...rs of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation to induction of some miRNAs. These miRNAs can potentially regulate expression of target genes that are important ...

miRNA-mediated silencing of mRNAs

...mechanisms: by repression of translation and/or by induction of mRNA degradation. This provides an explanation for changes in mRNA levels observed at least for a subset of miRNA targets." ...

Mars mission Risk 29: Scientists research ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage

...achusetts General Hospital, Boston, mechanisms for induction of bystander effects by high energy particles in cells and tissues Fiorenza Ianzini, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, role of high-LET radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe in mutagenesis: implication for carcinogenesis Amy Kronenberg, Lawr...

Proteins necessary for brain development found to be critical for long-term memory

...s known as growth factors are as essential for the induction of long-term memory as they are for the development of the central nervous system. These growth factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), bind onto the brain cell through a specific type of receptor known as TrkB, much the same way a...

Turning a cellular sentinel into a cancer killer

... were rapid, extensive and were accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. In the sarcomas, the response was less rapid often less extensive and was not accompanied by apoptosis. Instead the cells underwent cell cycle arrest with features of senescence." Jacks said that he and his colleagues found no evidenc...

Protein overexpression at heart of heart failure

... phase?. In the nonfailing double transgenics, the induction of beta 2a protein expression increased the activity of single ventricular L-VDCC, rendering these channels phenotypically identical to human and mouse heart failure. The authors conclude that electrical remodeling of the L-VDCC, based on gene exp...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

...es in mice and that the effect is dependent on the induction of a certain subset of regulatory T-cells. If we can demonstrate this same genetic predisposition and therapeutic effect in human type 1 diabetes patients, then this may prove to be a significant step toward preventing this disease before it can take...

'Guardian of the genome' protein found to underlie skin tanning

...od. It raises the question of whether p53-mediated induction of beta-endorphin is involved in sun-seeking behavior, which often increases skin cancer risk." ...

Researchers wake up viruses inside tumors to image and then destroy cancers

...periments, this experimental therapy, called lytic induction therapy, results in tumor death. As the first s...ne of the genes that is expressed upon viral lytic induction is EBV's thymidine kinase (EBV-TK), an enzyme that helps the virus begin to reproduce. This kinase i...

New Brandeis research sheds light on memory by erasing it

...ule because it is persistently activated after LTP induction and can enhance synaptic transmission, properties that are necessary for a memory molecule. Like a computer whose electronics change with the addition of new information, molecular activity in the hippocampus, where memory is stored in the brain, ...

New study suggests potential for a broadly-protective HIV vaccine

...iple viral strains. These results demonstrate that induction of truly broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies may be an achievable goal. This groundbreaking study titled: “Extensively Cross-Reactive Anti-HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by gp140 Immunization” appears this week in the Early Edition of Proce...

Herpes virus hijacks DNA repair process

...tigation in the Virgin lab. "The discovery that induction of the cells' DNA damage response is an intentional viral strategy, rather than a passive cellular response to viral invasion, means that we should look into whether other DNA viruses use a similar approach to enhance their growth," says Virgin. ...

Research identifies protein that signals flowering in squash plants

...hotoperiod, is a strong determining factor for the induction of flowering in many plant species. Short day (SD)...rincipal factors associated with the photoperiodic induction of flowering are proteins known as CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). CO does not appear to t...