human

A gene's first 'kiss' sets off that affair known as puberty

...s to answer one of the most vexing questions about human development: What causes puberty to begin? How is ...ome 10 to 12 years later? "Puberty is critical to human development. And while there is a fairly good understanding of how the endocrine system regulates th...

Viral DNA sequence a possible trigger for breast cancer

...o MMTV Env protein in the DNA of as many as 40% of human breast tumors, although a human homologue of MMTV has yet to be found. ...

Wisconsin scientists grow critical nerve cells

...r years of trial and error, scientists have coaxed human embryonic stem cells to become spinal motor neuron...ver of time - roughly the third and fourth week of human development - in which stem cells could be successfully prodded to transform themselves into spinal ...

Association of herpesvirus with lung disorder questioned

...archers reported that they were not able to detect human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as the Kaposi's ...s sarcoma tissue samples. These data suggest that human herpesvirus 8 infection is not associated with Japanese cases of primary pulmonary hypertension, the...

Man and mouse share genome structures

...rstand regulatory mechanisms underlying cancer and human development. The research team includes first aut...the January 28, 2005 issue of Cell. "Now that the human genome has been sequenced, it is vital to learn how the genome is translated to make living cells an...

A new mechanism of regulating RNA degradation

... understood. "But no one knew what Staufen1 did in human cells," said Maquat, even though its presence in mammalian cells has been recognized for several years. "We were surprised to find that Staufen1 interacts with Upf1," she added. "This is a whole new function for Staufen1 that couldn't have been pred...

FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials

... understood. "But no one knew what Staufen1 did in human cells," said Maquat, even though its presence in mammalian cells has been recognized for several years. "We were surprised to find that Staufen1 interacts with Upf1," she added. "This is a whole new function for Staufen1 that couldn't have been pred...

Spleen may be source of versatile stem cells

...inical trial of theislet-regeneration technique in human patients. For more informationabout this project, go to http://www.joinleenow.org.Massachusetts General Hospital, established in 1811, is the originaland largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGHconducts the largest hospital-based ...

W.M. Keck Foundation funds study of friendly microbes

...our computer-assisted analyses." Gordon views the human gut as "a bioreactor programmed with at least 800 ...e and his colleagues have used mouse models of the human gut ecosystem to show that intestinal bacteria allow calories to be harvested from otherwise indiges...

Yellowstone microbes fueled by hydrogen, according to U. of Colorado study

...d couldadd to understanding of bacteria inside the human body.A team of CU-Boulder biologists led by Profes...ria living in extreme environments --including the human body -- using hydrogen as fuel, according to Spear."Recent studies have shown that Helicobacter pylo...

It's not all genetic: Common epigenetic problem doubles cancer risk in mice

... colon cancer patients and 10 percent or so of the human population who have loss of imprinting of IGF2. Only the Princeton mice have been crossed with the APC mice. Both the Princeton and the Swedish mice have the extra precursor cells in the lining of the colon, suggesting the effect on cancer developme...

Columbia research lifts major hurdle to gene therapy for cancer

...eunaffected.The same virus also selectively killed human cancer cells from melanomaand ovarian, breast, and glioma (brain) tumors.Dr. Fisher's team is now altering the virus and developing additionalviruses based on the PEG switch for use in clinical trials withpatients. Other investigators associated with...

Dysentery uses 'sword and shield' to cause infection

...y using a secretion system to inject proteins into human cells, (the sword), while lipopolysaccharide (LPS)... Type III secretion system to inject proteins into human cells. This causes the cells to become inflamed, resulting in symptoms of dysentery, such as bloody ...

Novel technology detects human DNA mutations

...e company's technology for the medical analysis of human DNA. Nanosphere's nanoparticle-based technology al... percent confidence threshold and can be used with human DNA obtained from samples as small as a drop of blood. Importantly, the technology eliminates the ne...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...ed in the vagina provides protection from both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the herpes simple...at a gel can retain anti-viral activity within the human vagina. The study, which was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) investigated the eff...

Priming embryonic stem cells to fulfill their promise

...s being sought as possibletreatments for dozens of human diseases and health conditions. SangeetaBhatia and Shu Chien, UCSD bioengineering professors, and ChristopherJ. Flaim, a bioengineering graduate student, described the cell-culturetechnique in a paper published in the February issue of Nature Methods...

New, automated tool successfully classifies and relates proteins in unprecedented way

...dardizedfeatures and not on features chosen by the human eye, which isunreliable. By automating the clustering of proteins inside cellimages, we also can study thousands of images fast, objectively andwithout error," Murphy said.Murphy's tool has two key components. One is a set of subcellularlocation feat...

New binding target for oncogenic viral protein

...chromosomal region that is deleted in up to 30% of human tumors. "Fbw7 is itself an important tumor suppressor which makes it an attractive choice for inactivation by Large T," explained Dr. Markus Welcker, the study's first author. The research appears as the "Paper of the Week" in the March 4 issue of t...

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...had caught up with the others, something we see in human babies too," said Dr. Patti. "They looked and acte... began to unfold. When 4 months old (comparable to human adolescence), the low-birth-weight babies began showing higher levels of blood glucose. "By 6 months...

Neuronal 'traffic jam' marks early Alzheimer's disease

...rs. In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and in human brain samples from people with the disease, resear... been engineered to have an abnormal production of human A-beta peptide that produced Alzheimer's-like plaques and subsequent neural degeneration. The scien...

Current human embryonic stem cell lines contaminated UCSD/Salk team finds

Currently available lines of human embryonicstem cells have been contaminated with a ...thatcompromises their potential therapeutic use in human subjects,according to research by investigators at the University of California,San Diego (UCSD) Sch...

Drug That 'Tags' Decision-making Areas Of The Brain May Aid

...kherjee, UCI associate professor of psychiatry and human behavior,developed Nifrolidine to measure a subtyp...eptors and may therefore be very useful for future human brainimaging studies of nicotine addiction and other clinical conditions inwhich these brain regions...

Elusive HIV shape change revealed; Key clue to how virus infects cells

...rd Medical School have shown how a key part of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) changes shape, triggering other changes that allow the AIDS virus to enter and infect cells. Their findings, published in the Feb. 24 issue of the journal Nature, offer clues that will help guide vaccine and treatment app...

Genome of deadly amoeba shows surprising complexity, evidence of lateral gene transfer

... to be published from this class of amitochondrial human pathogens. The analysis reveals the degradation o...from a free-living organism into a parasite of the human gut. At the same time, scientists also cataloged the retention and expansion of some gene families c...

UW's Rosetta software to unlock secrets of many human proteins

...e the structures of theapproximately 60 percent of human proteins with no known function. "Howproteins fold determines how they are structured," said Lars Malmstroemof the UW laboratory that developed the program, "And how they arestructured is related to their function in the body."Because there is an as...

Researchers find how protein allows insects to detect and respond to pheromones

...e the structures of theapproximately 60 percent of human proteins with no known function. "Howproteins fold determines how they are structured," said Lars Malmstroemof the UW laboratory that developed the program, "And how they arestructured is related to their function in the body."Because there is an as...

Researchers Uncover Key Step In Manufacture of Memory Protein

...ined that other researchers have learned that some human beings lack normal CPE due to mutations in the CPE gene. Future research may determine if the CPE mutation affects these individuals?long-term memory. ...

Scientists Replicate Hepatitis C Virus in Laboratory

...er of people ?genotype 1, the major type of HCV of human infections worldwide and the type most resistant t... HCV. The naked HCV construct was then placed into human liver cells in a cell culture medium. The NIDDK scientists found evidence of HCV proteins and HCV R...

Research advances quest for HIV-1 vaccine

...o play a key role in mediating entry of HIV-1 into human cells. A research group led by Drs. Dennis R. Burton and Ian A. Wilson from The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California performed a study examining the detailed molecular structure of the complex formed when 4E10 binds to gp41 and determi...

Transplantation Of Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells Reverses Parkinson Disease In Primates

...ntial moratorium endeavoring tolimit the number of human stem cell lines that can be used for futureresearch and treatment....

Ecological destruction fuels emerging diseases

The destruction of habitat by human activity and the extinction of species around the ...n zoologist. This ecological damage also endangers human health by turning parasites into "evolutionary land mines." Dr. Daniel (Dan) Brooks, a parasitologi...

Newly discovered virus linked to childhood lung disorders and Kawasaki disease

...ding blocks of the gene differedfrom that of known human coronaviruses. The Yale investigators, termingthe ...arvard Universitycommented that discovery of a new human respiratory coronavirus wouldnot be surprising, since studies in the 1960s and 1970s had pointed toa...

Inexpensive, mass-produced genes core of synthetic biology advances at UH

...echnology may therefore yieldprofound benefits for human health and quality of life.“The technology developed by Dr. Gao and her collaborators has thepotential to make research that many of us could only dream about bothplausible and cost effective,?said Stuart Dryer, chair of thedepartment of biology and ...

Study Links Ebola Outbreaks To Animal Carcasses

...ted that wildlife outbreaks occurred prior to five human outbreaks in the same relative locations. During t...es being found positive. In 11 cases, instances of human infection were directly linked to gorilla, chimpanzee and duiker carcasses. To prevent future outbr...

New Technique for Tracking Gene Regulators

...ieces on an entire genome ?even one aslarge as the human genome ?relatively quickly and in very largenumbers.After isolating the CREB-bound fragments, they release the CREB andthen cut the DNA with a “restriction?enzyme that recognizes aparticular nucleotide base sequence, CATG. Further manipulation of the...

Bound for destruction: Ubiquitination protects against improper Notch signaling

...mental processes, and is conserved in species from human toroundworm. In all processes in which it participates, Notch signalingshows the ability to sense a small change in cell fate and amplify it,acting as a sort of contrast enhancement mechanism in cell fatedetermination. Notch is activated bya proteas...

“Nano-scissors?laser shows precise surgical capability

...ration andis an important step toward treatment of human neurological disease,according to research published in the Dec. 16 issue of Nature. Dr.Adela Ben-Yakar, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering atThe University of Texas at Austin, led the development of thetechnique. It acts like a pair o...

U-M scientist to talk about tissue engineering at AAAS

...ientists have a pretty good handle on how to teach human cells to do tricks in a laboratory---things like g...cer means managing the constant bacteria bath of a human mouth as well as compensating for the damage of radiation. "It's not just a question of whether we ...

Genome-wide mouse study yields link to human leukemia

...hemical signature implicated in the development of human leukemia, findings that open up a "treasure box" o...trikingly similar to the pattern of methylation in human leukemia. In the process, the researchers also identified a new gene that when methylated, appears ...

Iron Deficiency Sparks Dramatic Changes In Gene Expression

...nctions.Thiele said the same scenario may occur in human cells, as well, to aneven greater degree. His stud...usetheir genome is remarkably similar to that of a human cell. In fact,the Cth2 protein in yeast is quite similar to a family of threeproteins in humans. Whe...

Novel Enzyme Shows Potential As An Anti-HIV Target

...me pales in comparison to the 3.2 gigabases of its human and nonhuman primate targets. The compact retrovir...ion—to copy its RNA genome into DNA and infiltrate human chromosomal DNA. Once the virus is integrated (now called a provirus), its genes can be transcribed....

Found: Missing sequence of the human Y chromosome

...ase-pair genomicsegment near the centromere of the human Y chromosome. This sequencecontains eight putative...w holes remaining in the"finished" sequence of the human genome reported last October by theInternational Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. This "finished"...

Study finds more than one-third of human genome regulated by RNA

...A molecules called microRNAs regulate thousands of human genes--morethan one third of the genome's protein-...er 2003, the samegroup identified 400 genes in the human genome targeted by microRNAs.(Prior to this study, there were no known microRNA targets in anyverteb...

Live Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Technique Explored

...r and his colleagues hope to develop a vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) that could be used in the developing world. HPV causes 500,000 cases of cervical cancer each year worldwide. Recombinant HPV vaccines currently in clinical trials may not be ideal in poorer countries because they are expensive an...

The secret lives of whales

...tion, tracking how whales move away or go quiet as human activities enter an area. Every decade the amount of noise is doubling. “Whales have very traditional feeding grounds and their migratory routes along coastlines have become incredibly noisy, urbanized habitats,?Clark explains. “Acoustic smog is shri...

NYU researchers simulate molecular biological clock

...A molecules called microRNAs regulate thousands of human genes--morethan one third of the genome's protein-...er 2003, the samegroup identified 400 genes in the human genome targeted by microRNAs.(Prior to this study, there were no known microRNA targets in anyverteb...

Dinosaur DNA? New Patent Covers Degraded DNA recovery

...iotechnology company that analyzes the genomics of human tissues and uses the information to produce high performance wound healing and tissue regeneration products, and the CEO of DermaPlus, a science-based skin care company. Dr. Ensley is a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and holds an Adju...

Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue

...riginal bone. Bone, unlike any other tissue in the human body, can still perform one of its functions, stru...be completely converted in just a year, and that a human bone might be completely converted in as little as five years. The Musculoskeletal Transplant Founda...

Antibiotic Resistant Bacterium Uses Sonar-like Strategy to “See?Enemies or Prey

...pe in the environment near thebacterium, such as a human blood cell. They discovered how thesebacteria know when other cells are present, and respond accordingly.In the laboratory, the team found that Enterococcus releases twosubstances into the environment. One substance sticks to foreign cells.The second...

Molecular machine may lead to new drugs to combat human diseases

...e Structural and Molecular Biology. "In terms of human health, Group I introns are interesting because th...'t have Group I introns. Many pathogens that cause human diseases, however, do have Group I introns, including the HIV opportunistic infections pneumocystis,...

Novel Therapy Tested in Mice Could Chase Away Cat Allergies

...lergic reactions in laboratory mice, as well as in human cells in a test tube, University of California, Lo...g results could lead to a new therapy not only for human cat allergies, but also possibly for severe food allergies such as those to peanuts. The National I...

Sea skate experiment sheds light on human cell transport

...kate red blood cells closely resemble cells in the human kidney, the findings shed light on how these organs cope with excess water. But Goldstein and Musch also believe the mechanisms that trigger this cellular "release valve" are universal. "We think that vesicle insertion, coupled with phosphorylation,...

Color-blind method opens new doors in DNA sequencing

...than current methods. DNA in the nucleus of every human cell is made of long chains of building blocks called nucleotides. DNA is made up of just four types of nucleotides ?referred to as A, C, G and T ?and is organized in such a way that A binds T and G binds C, forming a double helical structure. Each p...

Clam embryo study shows pollutant mixture adversely affects nerve cell development

...ward understanding howexposure to BCE might affect human nerve cell development--knowledgethat may one day provide clues about such neurological mysteries asautism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Totest her hypothesis, MBL scientist Carol Reinisch and her colleaguestreated d...

Study identifies predictors of HIV drug resistance in patients beginning triple therapy

...ward understanding howexposure to BCE might affect human nerve cell development--knowledgethat may one day provide clues about such neurological mysteries asautism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Totest her hypothesis, MBL scientist Carol Reinisch and her colleaguestreated d...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...g their host's cellular resources. A great deal of human complexity stems from the vast repertoire of prote...mal Raha, Grace Cheng, and Michael Green work with human cell lines and find evidence that Tat can also stimulate PIC assembly. While most transcription fac...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

...r neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)successfully mimics the human condition and provides unique insightinto tumor development, diagnosis and treatment, according toresearchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.After validating their animal model, the team made two importantdiscoveries: New bl...

New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species

...in, researchers have uncovered evidence suggesting human bones found at that time are roughly 195,000 years... has provided so much important evidence regarding human evolution,?says Brown. “However, while our research pushes back our time of origin," he adds, “mo...

A bacterial genome reveals new targets to combat infectious disease

...de's ability to complete its life cycle within its human host. Thus, understanding the details of this rela... of Brugia malayi: Endosymbiont evolution within a human pathogenic nematode. PLoS Biol 3(4): e121. ...

Spider Venom Could Yield Eco-Friendly Insecticides

...reased dosages, while the environmental damage and human health risks associated with the chemicals have in...e to target insects that transmit new and emerging human diseases, such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (ticks) and dengue and yellow fever ...