gas

Poplar trees redirect resources in response to simulated attack

...sed chamber. They then administered carbon dioxide gas "labeled" with radioactive carbon-11 to individual...the scientists detected in isoprene, a hydrocarbon gas that is a byproduct of sugar synthesis in the leaves. That research, reported in Plant, Cell & E...

Why do insects stop 'breathing'? To avoid damage from too much oxygen, say researchers

...fe levels, and that they then substantially reduce gas exchange to maintain the oxygen at these safe valu...ries of tubes that carry air directly to cells for gas exchange. Using a respirometer (an instrument for measuring respiration that consists of a chamber w...

New research indicates a 'troubled' greenhouse is brewing

...llion years, was a catastrophic release of natural gas from undersea ices and permafrost. "In a remarkable parallel to modern hydrocarbon pollution of the atmosphere, this natural methane oxidized to carbon dioxide and created a global greenhouse event," he explains. "The past methane outburst dwarfed e...

Scientists discover how fish evolved to float at different sea depths

...llows fishes to keep the swimbladder inflated with gas even at great water pressure in the depths of the ... has a closed swimbladder that is inflated through gas secretion even when they are in high water pressures. My aim was to find out how these systems came ...

LUCA technologies confirms real-time methane generation

...roduction to the ongoing farming of clean, natural gas an attractive consideration," said Robert Pfeiffer... partnerships with active Operators in the oil and gas industry and potentially on its own. If successfully developed, Luca believes this approach has the ...

Live fast, die young true for forests too

...earch. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping gas implicated in climatic warming, increases as carbon storage in forests decreases, and decreases as carbon storage in forests increases. Information regarding such potential changes is therefore needed to reduce uncertainties in predicting future clim...

Transgenic plants remove more selenium from polluted soil than wild plants, new tests show

...plants is that they can metabolize selenium into a gas called dimethyl selenide," said Terry. "This is so...nhance in our lab. Getting inorganic selenium into gas form will allow it to just dissipate harmlessly into the atmosphere. No other form of remediation ca...

Buying Time Through Hibernation on Demand

...ng animal," Roth said. "The cool thing about this gas we're using, hydrogen sulfide, is that it isn't something manufactured that we're taking down from a shelf ?it isn't 'better living through chemistry' ?it's simply an agent that all of us make in our bodies all the time to buffer our metabolic flexib...

U-M team recovers ancient whale in Egyptian desert

...ng animal," Roth said. "The cool thing about this gas we're using, hydrogen sulfide, is that it isn't something manufactured that we're taking down from a shelf ?it isn't 'better living through chemistry' ?it's simply an agent that all of us make in our bodies all the time to buffer our metabolic flexib...

NASA study finds snow melt causes large ocean plant blooms

...ous oxide is 310 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Thus, as very large phytoplankton blooms deplete more oxygen from the water, the creation of nitrous oxide in the Arabian Sea could exacerbate climate change, Goes said. ...

Growth in biomass could put US on road to energy independence

Relief from soaring prices at the gas pump could come in the form of corncobs, cornstalk...il, a potential 10 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and an improved rural economic picture. Current production of ethanol is about 3.4 billio...

Human Cells Filmed Instantly Messaging for First Time

Relief from soaring prices at the gas pump could come in the form of corncobs, cornstalk...il, a potential 10 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and an improved rural economic picture. Current production of ethanol is about 3.4 billio...

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

... of the global conversion of nutrients to nitrogen gas occurs in these areas. In 'The Proceedings of the ...nly partly succeed in fixing the released nitrogen gas to form new nutrients that can be fed into the nutrient cycle again. In the article in PNAS, resear...

Africa to take it on chin again with climate change

...g, partly consistent with the impact of greenhouse gas increases, is the main factor behind the Sahel's recent swing from drought to moist conditions, the researchers believe. "Changes in the Indian and Atlantic oceans are causing large regional effects in Africa, and these have substantial impacts on p...

NASA probe could reveal comet life, scientists claim

...ts outer layers, producing a crater and a plume of gas and dust. UK astronomers involved in monitoring the comet before, during and after the impact and interpreting the results include Cardiff University's Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe and Dr Max Wallis at the Cardiff Centre for Astrobiology. They w...

Grass makes environmentally friendly biofuel

...t less greenhouse gases than oil, coal and natural gas do. Furthermore, he says, grass is perennial, does not require fertilization and can be grown on marginal farmland. "Any mixture of grasses can be used, cut in mid- to late summer, left in the field to leach out minerals, then baled and pelleted. Dr...

Study of energy and health in Africa focuses spotlight on charcoal and forest management

...rategies to reduce mortality as well as greenhouse gas emissions from household fuel sources. They gather...ction would lead to severe increases in greenhouse gas emissions, they said, with over 15 billion tons of carbon released into the atmosphere by 2050. "Mo...

Amazon source of 5-year-old river breath

...are "breathing" far harder ?cycling the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide more quickly ?than anyone realized.... because they never dated the invisible greenhouse gas as it is literally exhaled by the river organisms." "River breath is much deeper and faster than an...

Deep sea algae connect ancient climate, carbon dioxide and vegetation

...ng of Earth's climate system under high greenhouse gas conditions." The findings were based on calibration of carbon-containing compounds produced by ancient sea surface algae that were recently isolated in deep sea drill cores. The data indicates that between 45 - 34 million years ago the atmospheric c...

Invasive parasite destroying fish species

...ng of Earth's climate system under high greenhouse gas conditions." The findings were based on calibration of carbon-containing compounds produced by ancient sea surface algae that were recently isolated in deep sea drill cores. The data indicates that between 45 - 34 million years ago the atmospheric c...

Stem cells grown in lab mirror normal developmental steps

...ng of Earth's climate system under high greenhouse gas conditions." The findings were based on calibration of carbon-containing compounds produced by ancient sea surface algae that were recently isolated in deep sea drill cores. The data indicates that between 45 - 34 million years ago the atmospheric c...

Energy management in cells may hold key to cancer defense

...ers, who likens a low-energy cell to a car with no gas in its tank. "In a previous study, we found that the cellular "gas gauge," AMPK, can turn around and alter any deficits in the cell if it is turned on by the kinase LKB1. In this JBC study, we wanted to see if AMPK could also be turned on by someth...

Study: Predatory dinosaurs had bird-like pulmonary system

...his special anatomical configuration increases the gas exchange potential within the lungs, boosting meta...e animals had the pulmonary machinery for enhanced gas exchange, O'Connor explained, which would have pushed them closer to being warm-blooded creatures. ...

World-first technology enables study of ancient bacteria

...rmous energy source. However, we know little about gas hydrates as they melt during recovery due to the f...ed HYACINTH which is developing systems to recover gas hydrates and bacteria under high pressure. He has turned to experts in the University's Manufacturi...

High carbon dioxide levels spur Southern pines to grow more needles

.... Higher needle percentages in trees receiving the gas were recorded even during years when forest soils were driest -- when both treated and untreated trees suffered dryness-related needle losses and less leaf growth. "This would imply that, even under drought conditions, there would probably be an enh...

Trio of plant genes prevent 'too many mouths'

...ology, given the enormous amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide taken up by the Earth's plants. Scientists already believed that part of the signaling pathway for stomata production included the receptor-like protein Too Many Mouths, so called because when absent the plant makes too many stomata, ...

India's smoking gun: Dino-killing eruptions

...r gases, says Chenet. An estimate of just how much gas is still being worked out. Chenet is scheduled to present the latest results of the team's work on Wednesday, 10 August, at Earth System Processes 2, a meeting co-convened by the Geological Society of America and Geological Association of Canada thi...

Lactose intolerance linked to ancestral environment

... Common symptoms include nausea, cramps, bloating, gas and diarrhea that begin about 30 minutes to two hours after eating or drinking foods containing the milk sugar lactose. The use of lactase enzyme tablets or drops or lactose-reduced milk and similar products can help the lactose intolerant digest dai...

Ethanol and biodiesel from crops not worth the energy

...d therefore, it is contributing to oil and natural gas imports and U.S. deficits." He says the country should instead focus its efforts on producing electrical energy from photovoltaic cells, wind power and burning biomass and producing fuel from hydrogen conversion. ...

Tropical Deforestation affects rainfall in the U.S. and around the globe

... at various remote locations. And while greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants receive considerable attention, this study shows that land-cover change is another important parameter that needs to be considered in climate policies, especially since deforestation rates in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, ...

Using the genomic shortcut to predict bacterial behavior

...d therefore, it is contributing to oil and natural gas imports and U.S. deficits." He says the country should instead focus its efforts on producing electrical energy from photovoltaic cells, wind power and burning biomass and producing fuel from hydrogen conversion. ...

Oceans turning to acid from rise in CO2

...nt sink for capturing the human-induced greenhouse gas CO2 and slowing global warming. Marine plants soak...re than a third of the human-originated greenhouse gas has been absorbed by the oceans. While marine organisms need CO2 to survive, work by Caldeira and co...

NCAR analysis shows widespread pollution from 2004 wildfires

...to improve air quality." Carbon monoxide, a toxic gas that can affect human health even at low levels, is emitted by wildfires as well as by motor vehicles, industrial facilities, and other sources that do not completely burn carbon-containing fuels. Ground-level ozone, which affects human health in add...

Researcher says flu responders can learn from 1918 epidemic

...e notions such as the wrath of an angry God, swamp gas or electricity in the air. "This notion of swamp gas, or miasma, is like something out of the Middle Ages," said Higgins. "To have that put out in 1918, by public officials, no less, is really spooky. And remember, prominent, influential members of...

Breath of the dragon: ERS-2 and Envisat reveal impact of economic growth on China's air quality

...elevated atmospheric amounts. The presence of this gas is a significant driver of the production of low-level ozone, which, within the troposphere (the lowest part of the atmosphere, extending eight to 16 kilometres in height) is itself a harmful toxic pollutant, a major ingredient of photochemical smog....

Toasty oat aroma influenced by presence of health-linked polyphenols

...el of Maillard-type aroma compounds as measured by gas chromatography and a panel of trained human sniffe...el of Maillard-type aroma compounds as measured by gas chromatography and a panel of trained human sniffers. The Penn State group's analyses show that t...

Chemical compound inhibits tumor growth, size in new mouse study

...el of Maillard-type aroma compounds as measured by gas chromatography and a panel of trained human sniffe...el of Maillard-type aroma compounds as measured by gas chromatography and a panel of trained human sniffers. The Penn State group's analyses show that t...

Novel protein complex enables survival in hostile environment

...turn sulfate into sulfide, a corrosive compound or gas that smells like rotten eggs. Methanogenesis is a 2.7?.2-billion-year-old process and sulfate reduction originated at least 3.7 billion years ago on earth. "These two processes apparently cannot exist within one living cell, because the reduction of...

Microbes under Greenland Ice may be preview of what scientists find under Mars' surface

...r bacterial life on Mars. Methane is a greenhouse gas present in the atmospheres of both Earth and Mars. If a class of ancient microbes called Archaea are the source of Mars' methane, as some scientists have proposed, then unmanned probes to the Martian surface should look for them at depths where the t...

Group proves it's possible to grow new lung alveoli by growing new blood vessels

...blood vessels and alveoli--the tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood vessels--in tiny rat lungs. The results of their work were recently published in Circulation, entitled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Therapy Increases Survival, Promotes Lung Angiogenesis, and Pr...

Amazon trees much older than assumed, raising questions on global climate impact of region

...bon dioxide levels. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas implicated in accelerated global warming and the focus of international efforts to curb its atmospheric levels. Because their trees are old and slow-growing, the Amazon forests, which contain about a third of all carbon found in land vegetation, ha...

Asleep in the deep: Model helps assess ocean-injection strategy for combating greenhouse effect

... is emitted from power plants, then liquefying the gas and injecting it into the ocean. But there are pit...bon dioxide can rise toward the surface, turn into gas bubbles and vent to the atmosphere, defeating the purpose of the whole grand scheme. Even worse, if ...

Poison + water = hydrogen. New microbial genome shows how

...he microbe mixes it with water, producing hydrogen gas as waste. As the world increasingly considers hydrogen as a potential biofuel, technology could benefit from having the genomes of such microbes. " C. hydrogenoformans is one of the fastest-growing microbes that can convert water and carbon monox...

Hot-spring bacteria flip a metabolic switch

...ectedly begin to fix nitrogen, converting nitrogen gas (N2) into compounds that are useful for cell growt...ogen for making proteins and nucleic acids, but N2 gas from the atmosphere cannot be directly used for this purpose; it must first be reduced or fixed into...

Animal models show that anabolic steroids flip the adolescent brain's switch for aggression

...ression. And, says Melloni, "Steroids step on the gas for agression." Thus, the neuroscientists conclude that the aggressiveness triggered by anabolic steroids, although reversible, may last long enough to create serious behavioral problems for adults. Because this part of the rodent and human nervous...

Of mice, men, trees and the global carbon cycle

... global carbon dioxide cycling. Emissions of the gas occur in both plants and animals through the proce...is important to know all the sources that emit the gas and all the sources that soak it up. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is well known, a...

Climate change: The rice genome to the rescue

... community is not adversely affected by greenhouse gas emissions from rice production systems." Dr. Sheehy said researchers need to acquire knowledge and develop technologies critical to ensuring that rice production systems are sustainable in the face of climate change and do not adversely contribute t...

Tastier tomatoes in the future?

...technique - a combination of mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - analyzes the composition of biological samples. It can be used to quickly and simultaneously look into a fruit's amino acids, organic acids, sugar and vitamins. Dr. Alisdair Fernie, head of the Institute's "Central Metabolism" resea...

Amazon rainforest greens up in the dry season

... data from flux towers, which measure the seasonal gas exchange by vegetation. The new research confirms the local studies and indicates that the greener-in-the-dry-season pattern is basin-wide. "With the satellite, we can say the whole Amazon basin is doing something," Huete said. The team's next step...

Carbon cycle was already disrupted millions of years ago

...ave been the result of methane being released from gas hydrates which were buried in the ocean floor. It is not clear which mechanism was responsible for this. Methane could also have been formed under high pressure in coal seams and then subsequently released upon coming into contact with magma. A third...

Extinctions linked to climate change

...rsity, and that the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas concentrations is now undeniable. ...

Wound monitor 'sniffs out' infections

...gy with a mobile laboratory-based multi-technology gas sensor array and pattern recognition system, enabling the rapid analyses of molecules in the air. It is envisaged that the monitor will be take the form of a mobile unit which sits alongside other monitoring equipment next to the patient. Key applic...

Oops! Researchers publish new findings on the brain's response to costly mistakes

...dropping a bag of groceries, or realizing that our gas tank is nearly empty on a lonely stretch of highway, we all make mistakes that aren't just annoying, but potentially costly. Now, a team of University of Michigan researchers has looked inside the human brain and captured the instant when someone ma...

Plants used to detect gas leaks, from outer space!

... life threatening in the home, but the presence of gas stresses out plants too. Professor Mike Steven ...ts can act as an early warning of leaks in natural gas pipelines. "Our study was about testing the ability of satellite remote systems to monitor gas leak...

Scientists find Antarctic ozone hole to recover later than expected

...meter (TOMS) on NASA's Earth Probe TOMS satellite, gas measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura satellite, temperature information from NOAA's polar orbiting series satellites, and data captured by NOAA ground stations and weather balloons to create the new prediction mo...

Bubbles go high-tech to fight tumors

... flow to a tumor is called embolization, and using gas bubbles is a new technique in embolotherapy. What ...the shell pops, the perfluorocarbon expands into a gas bubble that is approximately 125 times larger in volume than the droplet. "If a bubble remained sp...

Brazil creates buffer zone around coral reefs off Atlantic coast

...k, including assessments of the effects of oil and gas exploration and possible oil spills that helped mo...clared. Under the government declaration, oil and gas activities are prohibited in 75 percent of the buffer zone, and approval for such development in the...

Corn waste potentially more than ethanol

...bial fuel cells and wastewater to produce hydrogen gas directly. ...

Tropical forest CO2 emissions tied to nutrient increases

...regulating atmospheric CO2, the primary greenhouse gas that has increased by roughly 33 percent since the Industrial Revolution began about 1760. A paper on the subject by Cleveland and CU-Boulder Associate Professor Alan Townsend of INSTAAR is being published the week of June 19 in the Proceedings of t...

Researchers show how brain decodes complex smells

...dentified the volatile compounds in each odor with gas chromatography. "A complex mixture like urine has at least a hundred separate compounds in it," Lin said. They analyzed scents as diverse as peanut butter, coffee and fresh bobcat urine shipped to the laboratory on dry ice. The researchers then expo...