fluid

UCSB scientists probe sea floor venting to gain understanding of early life on Earth

... inquiry in their studies of seafloor hydrothermal fluid discharge into the Earth's oceans, which has been ... emerge may come in bursts when earthquakes occur; fluid flow may therefore repeat episodically over hundreds of thousands of years as abyssal hills are upli...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...ctivity of PRO 2000 in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid collected before and one hour after administration of a single intravaginal dose of PRO 2000 gel or a matched placebo gel. CVL specimens were tested for their ability to prevent HIV and HSV infection of susceptible human cells in culture. Levels of i...

Current human embryonic stem cell lines contaminated UCSD/Salk team finds

...t Neu5Gc getsinto human cells by being engulfed in fluid droplets and then moved tothe cytoplasm of the cell by a "pump" called the lysosomal sialic acidtransporter.Varki noted that this pathway is an unusual and previously unknown onethat may also be relevant to the entry of other small molecules intocell...

The secret lives of whales

...sources did not interrupt their lives. Living in a fluid environment they could move to new areas of productivity and find food even as the climate around them changed.?/p> Palumbi compares the ability to read genes to counting the rings of a tree ?but looking at the history of an entire population, no...

Researchers discover molecule that causes secondary stroke

... the initial stroke. "Normally the cerebral spinal fluid that envelopes the brain carries off wastes and ex...ke survivors are at greater risk." Several spinal fluid components were suspected of causing the vasospasm, Dr. Clark explains. They included hemoglobin, bi...

International trial of two microbicides begins

...l acidity of the vagina in the presence of seminal fluid that neutralizes the vaginal environment. An acidic environment inactivates HIV as well as other pathogens. Each woman in the trial will be placed at random into one of four equally sized groups. One group will use BufferGel before each act of sexua...

MetaChip provides quick, efficient toxicity screening of potential drugs

...l acidity of the vagina in the presence of seminal fluid that neutralizes the vaginal environment. An acidic environment inactivates HIV as well as other pathogens. Each woman in the trial will be placed at random into one of four equally sized groups. One group will use BufferGel before each act of sexua...

Influenza vaccine uses insect cells to speed development

...ured, and the influenza virus is injected into the fluid surrounding the embryo. The egg is then resealed, the embryo becomes infected, and the resulting virus is then harvested, purified and used to produce the vaccine. In addition to the long development time, another drawback to this method is the possi...

Implanted Devices Detect High-Risk Heart Failure Patients

...ls (ACE inhibitors)or remove the excess buildup of fluid in the lungs (diuretics). Implantable devices are the latest options in preventing arrhythmias that can lead to sudden death, with CRT-Ds being the latest technology. CRT-Ds perform two main functions. First, the devices electrically stimulate both ...

Ophthalmologists Use Artificial Silicon Retina Microchip To Treat Vision Loss

...nt opening in the retina through which they inject fluid to lift up a portion of the retina from the back of the eye, creating a small pocket in the "subretinal space" just wide enough to accommodate the ASR. The surgeons then enlarge the pocket opening and insert the implant into the subretinal space. Fi...

Ophthalmologists implant five patients with artificial silicon retina microchip

...nt opening in the retina through which they inject fluid to lift up a portion of the retina from the back of the eye, creating a small pocket in the "subretinal space" just wide enough to accommodate the ASR. The surgeons then enlarge the pocket opening and insert the implant into the subretinal space. Fi...

Effective Cancer Treatments Follow The Clock

...tions like sleeping and waking, rest and activity, fluid balance, body temperature, cardiac output, oxygen consumption and endocrine gland secretion. In their experiments, the researchers measured the animals' body weight as an indicator of response to the anti-cancer drug. They discovered that Clock-muta...

Norovirus, AIDS vaccine and Hepatitis Virus

... is released into the bloodstream or intercellular fluid to induce healthy cells to manufacture an enzyme that counters the infection. One class of interferons (alpha) is used to treat chronic infection with HBV and HCV. There is a vaccine available to prevent the spread of HBV but not HCV. In the study, ...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

...d they're working on a way to do the same thing in fluid under the surface of the skin. Much work remains to be done, "but the concept of using immobilized copper ions is what we're putting a lot of thought into these days," said Meyerhoff. "It's a speculative idea, but if it works, it will be very exciti...

Nanoscale Diagnostic Sets Sights on Alzheimer's

...lification (BCA) technology, researchers analyzing fluid from around the brain and spinal cord have detecte...d, the researchers were able to detect within each fluid sample a miniscule amount of proteins called amyloid ß-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). The goal ...

New Drugs For Bad Bugs: UF Approach Could Bolster Antibiotic Arsenal

...measure how much of a drug actually ends up in the fluid surrounding the bacteria at sites of infection and are among the first in the country to test the method in people. These concentrations can differ widely from those found in the bloodstream, said Derendorf, who has published results from studies tha...

Too much water may be as dangerous as too little during long-distance athletic events

... play a role in the rate of this loss. Calculating fluid loss is as simple as weighing yourself before and ...xercise and comparing that number to the amount of fluid you consumed throughout. "All serious distance athletes should find out what their rate of fluid l...

Bush, Cheney and Rumsfeld are now species of slime-mold beetles -- but strictly in homage

... play a role in the rate of this loss. Calculating fluid loss is as simple as weighing yourself before and ...xercise and comparing that number to the amount of fluid you consumed throughout. "All serious distance athletes should find out what their rate of fluid l...

New design : complete

... play a role in the rate of this loss. Calculating fluid loss is as simple as weighing yourself before and ...xercise and comparing that number to the amount of fluid you consumed throughout. "All serious distance athletes should find out what their rate of fluid l...

Hydrogen and methane provide raw energy for life at 'Lost City'

...black smokers because some emit hot, mineral-laden fluid that looks like dark, billowing smoke when it hits the icy cold seawater. Carbonate minerals from fluids at Lost City drape nearby cliffs in brilliant white and form vents ranging in shape from tiny toadstools to the 18-story column, named Poseidon,...

Researchers Find New Technique To Identify Fetal Genetic Material From Amniotic Fluid

... (ribonucleic acid) can be extracted from amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus), and then be analyzed to ...ion, genetic analysis can be performed on amniotic fluid components ? They add that the "cell-free component of the amniotic fluid is discarded after these a...

Study: Well-known protein helps stem cells become secretory cells

...s and in fruit flies, the gland secretes saliva, a fluid containing water, mucus, electrolytes, and food-dissolving enzymes, into the mouth, and is important to the digestive system. In their new experiments, the researchers looked at the expression of 34 secretory genes in a normal fruit fly embryo to se...

It's electric: Cows show promise as powerplants

...that the microbes in about a half a liter of rumen fluid - fermented, liquefied feed extracted from the rum...engineering at Ohio State University. While rumen fluid itself won't be used as an energy source, some of the microorganisms found in the fluid are also fou...

Researchers find first evidence of venom system in extinct mammal

...ese teeth would have acted as a gutter, conducting fluid from its source in glandular tissues in the upper jaw down the height of the crown to its tip," Fox explained. "When I first saw [the groove] I thought maybe it was a cavity," said Yong-Qin Sun, the lab technician who prepared the fossil, which is o...

Deep thinking: Scientists sequence a cold-loving marine microbe

...to cell membranes, resulting in membranes that are fluid and functional--rather than a frozen chunk of biomass--below the freezing point. The genome also possesses a number of duplicated genes important to cell membrane biosynthesis. What's more, C. psychrerythraea dresses in layers, generating plenty of e...

Achilles heel of the herpes virus possibly found

... it is important to HSV's ability to fuse with the fluid membrane that encloses every human cell. The researchers were able to show that by placing only the DNA sequence that encodes B5 into HSV-resistant pig cells, they could make the pig cells susceptible to HSV. They were also able to block viral infect...

Newly discovered genetic disease sheds light on body's water balance

...fant boys whose bodies were overloaded with excess fluid have led UCSF pediatricians to the discovery of a ...t on the mechanisms that the body uses to maintain fluid homeostasis -- the correct balance of fluids needed for health and life." Gitelman and a team of fe...

Fluorescing lab worms signal longer life spans

...future, scientists could conceivably analyze human fluid samples for a variety of biomarkers similar to HSP-16 in order to determine a person's life span, said Rea. "They might even be able to tweak each stress-response system and set them for maximum longevity, which is believed to be about 120 years." ...

University of Nevada, Reno research team discovers hormone that causes malaria mosquito to urinate

..., into the mosquito causes the mosquito to excrete fluid rich in sodium chloride, the main salt in blood. "Only DH31 causes the massive loss of sodium chloride which causes the mosquito to pee," Schooley said. "Stimulation of this process when the mosquito is not feeding could make the mosquito die." ...

Female volunteers prepare for a second 'bedrest'

...l measures designed to counter the loss of muscle, fluid and bone mass and the reduction of certain functions (such as cardiac function and movement). While the control group did not perform any particular activity, an 'exercise' group were put through their paces in regular exercise sessions. In another ...

Ants win a waxy race

...p and fall into the pitcher containing a digestive fluid in which they get trapped and die. The ant adjusts its walking mechanism and moves over this slippery surface. This enables it to reach the pitcher and help itself to the food supply. Further research is going on to investigate the running and swimm...

Virologist finds contagious equine flu in dogs

...icine after University of Florida researchers sent fluid and tissue samples from greyhound race dogs that had died from a respiratory illness at a Florida racetrack in January 2004. "Of all animals, dogs have the most intimate contact with humans on a daily basis, so the potential for human infection has...

New imaging technology shown to detect pancreatic inflammation in type 1 diabetes

...ood vessels swell, become more permeable, and leak fluid ?as well as small molecules carried in the fluid ?into surrounding tissues. In previous experiments, the researchers demonstrated that this leakage c...

Tadpole soon to help in the fight against cancer and lymphedema

...tance for the support of the immune system and the fluid in our body. Researchers from the Flanders Interun...and lymphedema. Lymph: a very important colorless fluid Fluid and proteins leak out of the blood vessels during blood circulation in the body. A network of...

Infectious disease expert warns of spread of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

...on of the blood vessels, shock and the build-up of fluid inside the lungs and brain. The precise origins of Rocky Mountain spotted fever are not known, but the disease is only known to occur in North and South America. ...

Method slashes quantum dot costs by 80 percent

...ess than ODE. Replacing ODE with the heat-transfer fluid Dowtherm A, for example, reduces the overall materials cost of making quantum dots by about 80 percent. Quantum dots are tiny crystals of semiconducting materials - cadmium selenide or CdSe is the most popular flavor - that measure just a few nanome...

The right drug at the right time

...ess than ODE. Replacing ODE with the heat-transfer fluid Dowtherm A, for example, reduces the overall materials cost of making quantum dots by about 80 percent. Quantum dots are tiny crystals of semiconducting materials - cadmium selenide or CdSe is the most popular flavor - that measure just a few nanome...

Scientists closer to new cancer detection method

... enable doctors to search within extremely complex fluid or tissue samples to pinpoint biomarkers - protein...e paper. "Put the probe inside a few drops of body fluid or blood and a color change would be an indication of the existence of a cancer biomarker in the bod...

Applying ecological laws to bacteria

...sity of bacteria living in oil-based metal-cutting fluid reservoirs were similar to those found in higher a...al communities. Engineering machine metal-cutting fluid reservoirs are used as coolants and lubricants in metal machining processes. The reservoirs of the m...

Gene therapy reverses genetic mutation responsible for heart failure in muscular dystrophy

...er problems, swollen lungs and a severe buildup of fluid in the chest and peritoneal cavities. Perhaps even more impressive was the improvement in endurance and lifespan of the treated versus the untreated hamsters. The AAV-8-treated hamsters were able to run the same distance as normal hamsters before ti...

'Nanospheres' that block pain of sensitive teeth

...some chemicals, and physical contact can cause the fluid in these channels to move ?in or out ?triggering the nerve endings and causing sharp pain. If these channels (or 'tubules') are fully or partially blocked, the flow can be reduced and the pain stopped or significantly reduced. Currently, the only w...

Scientists observe how a close bond activates the immune system

...cules (molecules that the cell can grip) in a thin fluid coating on a glass surface. In prior studies the antigen was free to move over the entire glass surface, but in this study they set up miniscule chrome barriers, allowing them to modify the pattern of T-cell antigen receptor clusters in the immunolo...

Cells from amniotic fluid used to tissue-engineer a new trachea

...n fetal lambs, first using cells from the amniotic fluid to grow sections of cartilage tube, and then impla...use the fetus's own cells, drawn from the amniotic fluid that surrounds it, to create patches to fix birth defects -- in this case, even before birth. Pedia...

Womb needed for proper brain development

...d. The eyelids are closed, the infant is bathed in fluid and minimal sounds are perceived. In contrast, once the premature infant is born, he is necessarily bombarded by a complex environment full of sights, sounds, touches and unnatural loss of movement. "This research suggests that stimulation of the b...

Microbes under Greenland Ice may be preview of what scientists find under Mars' surface

..., Price noted. While interaction of carbon-bearing fluid with basaltic rock might be responsible, methanogens might instead take in subsurface hydrogen and carbon dioxide to make the methane, he said. If methanogens are responsible, Price calculated that they would occur in a concentration of about one mi...

New U. of Colorado at Boulder flu chip may help combat future epidemics, pandemics

...wash of influenza gene fragments obtained from the fluid of an infected individual. RNA fragments from the infected fluid bind to specific DNA segments on the microarray like a key in a lock, indicating both a match and th...

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

...idic device and shown to occur under physiological fluid flow conditions that are present in systemic micro...ing the urethra. The prostate produces the seminal fluid in which sperm is transported. Prostate cancer begins with small changes in size and shape of the pr...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

...idic device and shown to occur under physiological fluid flow conditions that are present in systemic micro...ing the urethra. The prostate produces the seminal fluid in which sperm is transported. Prostate cancer begins with small changes in size and shape of the pr...

New evidence questions the simple link between prion proteins and madcow disease

... sheep, they loaded a small area of the gut with a fluid mixture containing 0.5 grams of scrapie infected brain containing a large amount of the disease specific variant of the PrP protein and watched how it was taken up. They saw the abnormal PrP was rapidly taken up by finger-like projections called v...

Scientist uses dragonflies to better understand flight

...sity, presented her research on flying systems and fluid dynamics today (Feb. 19) at the annual meeting of ...ch thin structures as falling paper move through a fluid environment like air, she said, and then examine how insects use their wings to manipulate that envi...

Predicting success

...measure, with a non-invasive MRI scan, whether the fluid pressure in cancer tissues is at levels that could...ame animal. Prof. Degani says that, ideally, the fluid pressure inside tumor tissues would be checked using the MRI method she and her team developed befor...

Pittsburgh researchers discover that certain chemicals in the blood may indicate brain injury

... levels of certain proteins in the blood or spinal fluid may signal brain injury in infants with vomiting, ...r irritability. Infants had their blood or spinal fluid drawn as part of their medical evaluation, and any leftover was frozen so that the biomarker concent...

Manipulating single cell receptor alters animal behavior

...ding of the regulation of blood pressure, and body fluid composition, and could lead to new strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases. The study of intracellular events in the field of behavioral neuroscience has blossomed over the past 20 years as a result of increased NIH funding for neuroscience...

Scientists discover basic defect in cystic fibrosis airway glands

...rst is that the defective CFTR is unable to aid in fluid secretion in cystic fibrosis airway glands. The s...econd explanation is that the glands still secrete fluid via non-CFTR pathways, but the fluid is reabsorbed by other channels. In fact, it has been proposed...

Stable polymer nanotubes may have a biotech future

... made the membranes stretchy by adding a soap-like fluid to change the polymer membranes' mechanical properties. Then they used "optical tweezers" (highly focused infrared lasers) or tiny droppers called micropipettes to pull on the elastic membranes to form long, double-walled tubes that are less than 100...

Possible brain hormone may unlock mystery of hibernation

... Likewise, HPc levels decreased abruptly in spinal fluid when hibernation terminated. The researchers also... the blood is actively transported into the spinal fluid in response to the animals' natural rhythm. The hibernation complex might also play a role in the se...

First link of oral bacteria and preterm birth found in human

...tween bacteria found in the mouth and the amniotic fluid of a woman in preterm labor. Using new DNA finge...d elevated white blood cell counts in her amniotic fluid that she had an infection. An examination of the placenta, fetal lining and umbilical cord followin...

Prenatal nicotine exposure reduces breathing response of newborns...

...tween bacteria found in the mouth and the amniotic fluid of a woman in preterm labor. Using new DNA finge...d elevated white blood cell counts in her amniotic fluid that she had an infection. An examination of the placenta, fetal lining and umbilical cord followin...

Bone marrow cells can become functional gut lining cells

...ane conductance regulator) which are necessary for fluid balance in the gut," Krause said. The researchers used mice that do not have this chloride channel. After bone marrow transplantation from donor mice that do have the chloride channel, recipient mice had some normal chloride channel activity. Alhou...

Anti-inflammatory drug's potentially deadly side effect found to be rare

...ic resonance imaging brain scans and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for analysis. Organizers sent guides for evaluation to local neurologists, who evaluated patients and either sent the results to a central database if they suggested little chance of PML or, if indications of potential PML were detec...