fine

University of Manchester makes made-to-measure skin and bones a reality using inkjet printers

...tissues whichare a few millimetres thick, which is fine for growing artificial skin,but if you wanted to grow cartilage, for instance, it would beimpossible," Professor Derby says.The key to the advance which Professor Derby and his team have made isthe innovative way in which they are able to pre-determi...

Whole genome fine map of rice completed

...n 2002, CAS researchers have recently finished the fine map of the rice genome. In an article published by...indica and japonica subspecies of O. sativa." The fine maps of the rice genome sequences will lay a solid foundation for studying the differences among str...

Why do insects stop 'breathing'? To avoid damage from too much oxygen, say researchers

...ir sides. In their study, the researchers inserted fine tubes into the spiracles of a moth to measure not only how much carbon dioxide the moth released but also the concentration of oxygen in its trachea, the series of tubes that carry air directly to cells for gas exchange. Using a respirometer (an inst...

NYC's First Rapid HIV Drug-resistant AIDS Case Prompts Call to Step Up HIV Prevention

...th officials, medical providers and AIDS groups to fine tune and develop aggressive, ongoing and innovative HIV prevention programs with a particular emphasis on targeting high-risk populations," said Michael Weinstein, AIDS Healthcare Foundation President. "Clearly men who have sex with men continue to b...

Newly discovered pathway might help in design of cancer drugs

...ail. "Exposing DNA to radiation is like hitting a fine piece of crystal stemware with a hammer. It shatters, and looking for a particular chemical pathway is like looking for a needle in a haystack," the chemist explained. "What we did was more like carrying out a precision attack. It let us get a closer...

Some Brain Cells 'Change Channels' To Fine-tune The Message

...hin the cerebellum, the brain region that controls fine motor skills. Although the cells' channel-changing ability has been recognized for a few years, the key players controlling it hadn't been identified. Now, by studying mice, the Hopkins team has identified two proteins, called PICK1 and NSF for shor...

Bioelectronic ‘signatures?hold key to DNA mutations

...ual genetic variation and diseases like cancer are fine differences ?single nucleotide polymorphisms, or “SNPs??buried within the 3 billion chemical bases of DNA comprising the human genome. Not every SNP found will necessarily cause a mutation or determine our eye or hair color ?but, on average, SNPs occ...

Marine sponge yields nanoscale secrets

...ou're left with a handful of fiberglass needles as fine as spun glass or cotton. This primitive skeleton s...h group discovered that the center of the sponge's fine glass needles contains a filament of protein that controls the synthesis of the needles. By cloning ...

Some Brain Cells Change Channels

...hin the cerebellum, the brain region that controls fine motor skills. Although the cells' channel-changing ability has been recognized for a few years, the key players controlling it hadn't been identified. Now, by studying mice, the Hopkins team has identified two proteins, called PICK1 and NSF for shor...

Evidence of 600-million-year old fungi-algae symbiosis discovered in marine fossils

...occoidal or spherical cells surrounded by a net of fine filaments," Yuan said, describing the new fossils. The scientists interpret the coccoidal cells as being sheathed cyanobacteria or possibly green algae. "The filaments have reproductive characteristics that make us think they are fungi," Xiao said. ...

Team Invents Device For Weighing Individual Molecules

...o an atomic or molecular beam, in this case a very fine "spray" of xenon atoms or nitrogen molecules. Because the nanodevice is cooled, the molecules condense on the bar and add their mass to it, thereby lowering its frequency. In other words, the mechanical vibrations of the now slightly-more-massive nan...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...functions in a cell. The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that provide substrate specificity to a protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex. Within the complex, micro...

Microreactor efficiently regenerates cofactors for biocatalysis

...tem to enable the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral fine chemicals in larger quantities." ...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...ous fibres or processes called dendrites with many fine branching processes ?similar to the root system of a tree ?that allow them to 'talk' with neighbouring neurons, often as many as five to 10,000 at a time." Alcohol appears to be particularly damaging to the "white matter" or "hard wiring" of the bra...

Bitter or sweet? The same taste bud can tell the difference

...m individual taste buds. They attached very small, fine electrodes to these single cells in Petri dishes in order to record the electrical activity of each cell. They also applied NPY to these cells. Cells are like tiny batteries, as each has its own electrical charge. They compared the resulting electri...

Chemical 'band-aid' prevents heart failure in mice with muscular dystrophy

...rly. The control mice, on the other hand, did just fine throughout the whole procedure. When we gave the mdx mice an infusion of P188 before the dobutamine, none of the mdx mice went into cardiac failure. The polyoxamer had an instant corrective effect in the mdx mice, which really surprised us." In futu...

Mayan stingless bee keeping: Going, going, gone?

...areas where no one inherits their knowledge of the fine points of meliponiculture, specifically, how to propagate bees by dividing nests. Earlier this year, Rogel Villanueva-Gutierrez, first author of the paper, with Stephen Buchmann, Arthur James Donovan and Roubik published an amply illustrated handbook...

MicroRNA tweaks protein that controls early heart development

...A called microRNA ?a chemical cousin of DNA ?helps fine tune the production of a key protein involved in t...tists believe microRNAs seek out and bind to mRNA, fine tuning the amount of protein that mRNAs manufacture. In some cases, microRNAs shut down protein prod...

Discovery of T-cell 'traffic control' boosts new drug promise

... by the drug for a few days, but still are working fine and allowing new antibody formation," he explains. Treatment using this drug strategy does not come without risks, Goetzl cautions. Current drugs that affect one type of S1P receptor affect all others as well, and some of these control heart rate an...

Breakthrough in micro-device fabrication combines biology and synthetic chemistry

...y modified without changing the starting shapes or fine features, we have opened the door for new research and development in the processing and application of many devices that would otherwise be very difficult or expensive to produce." ...

New technology shows our ancestors ate…everything!

...n and the microscope is programmed to step down at fine intervals, perform its series of scans, and collect 3D coordinates for each data point," said Teaford. The result is like a map of the earth that shows mountains, valleys and plains in full relief, only at a microscopic scale. As anticipated from tr...

Brains response to visual stimuli helps us to focus on what we should see, rather than all there is to see

...ny vertical slices to preserve the circuitry. With fine glass pipettes, they recorded tiny impulses in individual live neurons and listened to their responses when other neurons were optically stimulated. If impulses occurred at precisely the same times in both neurons, this indicated that they both shar...

Max Planck researchers make a breakthrough in plant stem cell research

...es, such as WUSCHEL work together to maintain this fine balance at the tip of the shoot. The working group led by Dr. Jan Lohmann at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen, Germany has now solved this problem. The object of investigation was Arabidopsis thaliana, the "favorite pl...

Implantable pumps extend lives of patients too sick for transplant

...ite sick, but not too sick to be beyond help. This fine line in determining which patients are optimal will need to be defined by future clinical trials, he said. The other challenges pertain to the limitations of LVAD technology. "Like most new technologies, we're limited by our power supply," Rogers sa...

Phenotype is influenced by nature, nurture and noise

...tions in phenotype. "We think an analysis of such fine details of gene regulation explains not only the observed variability of cells, but also, in a larger sense, why identical twins don't necessarily have identical fingerprints," said Hasty. "Given that every potential feature of an organism is ultimat...

Bacteria that cause tooth decay able to survive without important biochemical pathway

...organism that thrives in many a mouth, can do just fine without it. The findings, reported this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, have rocked the cellular biology scientific community, which has long considered the pathway to be crucial. The report may also explain why strains...

HIV-infected adults in Botswana respond positively to ARV therapy public treatment program

... throughout the developing world. Patients will do fine regardless of social and economic status, provided the necessary infrastructure and funding are in place," said Richard Marlink, M.D., senior author of the article and professor in the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Harvard Schoo...

New Therapeutic Target Identified In Inherited Brain Tumor Disorder

... throughout the developing world. Patients will do fine regardless of social and economic status, provided the necessary infrastructure and funding are in place," said Richard Marlink, M.D., senior author of the article and professor in the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Harvard Schoo...

Largest computational biology simulation mimics life’s most essential nanomachine

... throughout the developing world. Patients will do fine regardless of social and economic status, provided the necessary infrastructure and funding are in place," said Richard Marlink, M.D., senior author of the article and professor in the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Harvard Schoo...

New, unique microscope for nanotech

...ns. The atomic force microscope uses an extremely fine tip to run over the surface of a sample and "see" extremely fine detail down to an atomic scale. "It allows you to see both the detail and the bulk," Liu said. For...

Sooner is better with cochlear implants, Stanford scientist shows

.... In most situations, hearing speech alone is just fine - that's why we can talk on telephones. But in noisy situations, when hearing is poor, our brains rely heavily on lip and facial movements to figure out what someone is saying. Knudsen has a long history of studying the ability of the brain to adapt...

Scientist measures role of science's coolest player: The snow

What would the Earth be like if one fine day all the snow melted away? Obviously, it would be a much warmer place. But what's interesting is how much warmer, says Stephen Vavrus, an associate scientist at the Center for Climatic Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Working with...

Picking particles faster than one at a time

... of interest, contrast can be maintained while the fine texture of the background is smoothed out. The smoothed-out background is then subtracted. The next steps involve a procedure called segmentation, developed by Adiga and his colleagues. After the background is subtracted, the micrograph is rendered...

Bioengineers create stable networks of blood vessels

...hat can form and stabilize a functional network of fine blood vessels critical for supporting tissues in t... Biomedical Engineering, this study shows that the fine network of blood vessels can be formed. Further, detailed microscopic studies showed that the vascul...

Researchers map of genetic variations implicated in disease

... genome. The MHC Haplotype Project is studying in fine detail the sequence of eight of the most common human haplotypes, selected for conferring protection against or susceptibility to common disease. The detailed analysis of the third of these eight is reported here and compared with the two previously ...

Utah researchers confirm chromosome may harbor autism gene

...s in the SNPs of the different DNA on an extremely fine scale. The chance of the same variants of SNPs in a particular region on a chromosome being passed through several generations from a founding couple to multiple affected family members is slight. When such identical blocks of SNPs are found, the c...

Multi-million pound UK Biobank underway

...othing like this has been attempted before in such fine detail on such a vast scale," said Professor Rory Collins, UK Biobank's Principal Investigator, who is also Professor of Medicine & Epidemiology at the University of Oxford. "It's been known for a long time that the risk of getting a particular d...

New brain hormone puts brakes on reproduction

...his is an example of the reproductive system being fine tuned," said George Bentley, UC Berkeley assistant...e gross regulation of the reproductive system, but fine tuning hasn't been well understood at all." GnIH was discovered five years ago in quail by Japanese...

Leave it to salmon to leave no stone unturned

... eggs in a nice, gravel-bottom bowl that's free of fine sediments that can smother them. But consider the efforts of the grand dames of the salmon world, the female chinook ?or king ?salmon. The largest females are more than a yard long and tip the scales at 45 pounds or more. The biggest nests are nearl...

Epstein-Barr virus may be associated with multiple sclerosis

... the body's own tissues, the authors conclude. "A fine understanding of the mechanisms that connect Epstein-Barr virus infection to MS is important because it will provide the basis for the translation of this epidemiologic finding into new ways to treat and prevent MS." ...

Big hips, big belly? It's in your genes, Joslin-led study shows

... the body's own tissues, the authors conclude. "A fine understanding of the mechanisms that connect Epstein-Barr virus infection to MS is important because it will provide the basis for the translation of this epidemiologic finding into new ways to treat and prevent MS." ...

Stem cell transplants improve recovery in animal models for stroke, cerebral palsy

...sts, which examined strength, balance, agility and fine motor skills, and also included greater recovery of injured tissue. "A single dose of the cells produce robust behavioral recovery at an early period post-transplantation and the recovery was durable, lasting up to two months, which was the entire ...

Is the brain wired for faces?

... 'experts,' having learned over many years to spot fine differences in upright faces, but not in inverted faces. That experience makes faces unique, but there's nothing scientifically special about faces," Riesenhuber says. The Georgetown scientists hypothesized that facial recognition does not rely on f...

Crucial site for endangered frogs and birds saved

...rve a landmark for Colombian conservation, it is a fine example of international collaboration." In late December, Fundación ProAves learned of the impending sale of plots from the site for construction of vacation homes. It alerted the Alliance for Zero Extinction of the crisis, and in less than a month...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

...f San Diego, which also funded this study. It uses fine optic beads and needs only tiny amount of DNA and RNA, Wang-Rodriguez said, and up to 96 different tests can be put on a single tray. "Having batches of samples together in a single assay that can then be read automatically makes it easy for routine ...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

...f San Diego, which also funded this study. It uses fine optic beads and needs only tiny amount of DNA and RNA, Wang-Rodriguez said, and up to 96 different tests can be put on a single tray. "Having batches of samples together in a single assay that can then be read automatically makes it easy for routine ...

Many cleaners, air fresheners may pose health risks when used indoors

... to ethylene-based glycol ethers, formaldehyde and fine particles will normally not reach guideline values...roposition 65. In addition, the person's intake of fine particulate matter during the hours spent cleaning would exceed the average federal guideline level ...

Robotic joystick reveals how brain controls movement

...that mistakes help the brain and muscles fine-tune fine movements. The requirement for time and error explains why repetition of simple movements day after day is used routinely in rehabilitating partially paralyzed stroke patients and those with other brain injuries. To test the need for time in masteri...

New approach to vaccine development provides potent, long-lasting immunity

...that mistakes help the brain and muscles fine-tune fine movements. The requirement for time and error explains why repetition of simple movements day after day is used routinely in rehabilitating partially paralyzed stroke patients and those with other brain injuries. To test the need for time in masteri...

Research reveals control of potent immune regulator

... "Our findings provide important details about the fine balance between positive and negative regulators of IFNg production in NK cells," says principal investigator Michael A. Caligiuri, director of the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center. "Mother Nature uses a symphony of cytokines that result in exquisitel...

UF scientists restore sight to chickens with blinding disease

... copy of the GC1 gene to these cells. Using a very fine glass needle, they injected the viral vector into the developing nervous system of a chicken embryo through a tiny hole in the eggshell. The shell was resealed and the egg was incubated to hatching to produce a live chick. "The process sounds straig...

Researchers find cause of frontotemporal dementia

...ch progranulin leads to the formation of tumors. A fine line to navigate! Thanks to this finding, though, upon a doctor's request, a genetic study can be done on FTD patients and their family members if they so desire. ...

Genetic snooze button governs timing of spring flowers

...wering, the biochemist emphasizes that much of the fine biochemical detail remains to be worked out. ...

Beekeepers work hard for the honey, despite changing tupelo forest

...and smooth that people describe it as they would a fine wine. But the future of tupelo honey production may not be so sweet. Florida State University geography Professor J. Anthony Stallins and doctoral student Kelly Watson are studying factors that could affect the future of beekeeping operations in No...

Gene therapy injected into the brains' of mice with Huntington's disease

...received the active GDNF gene therapy. To measure fine motor coordination, balance and fatigue, researchers evaluated mice walking on a rotating rod. Mice injected with the gene therapy performed significantly better than the other mice. These mice also showed diminished hind limb clasping, (a simulat...

Hopkins scientists show hallucinogen in mushrooms creates universal 'mystical' experience

...nusual nature of the work, treading, as it does, a fine line between neuroscience and areas most would consider outside science's realm. "But establishing the basic science here is necessary," says Griffiths, "to take advantage of the possible benefits psilocybin can bring to our understanding of how thou...

Pollen proves beneficial for northern lakes

...esearcher has found an important spin-off for this fine yellow dust-like powder. Mark Graham, a PhD student from the Department of Biological Sciences at the U of A, has shown for the first time the benefits of pollen on boreal lakes. Rich in nutrients, pollen is an essential component of plant fertiliz...

Results with newer bladeless LASIK equivalent to standard microkeratome LASIK

...High-contrast visual acuity, the capability to see fine details, and contrast sensitivity, the ability to perceive contrast in objects and their environments, also did not differ between LASIK types. The researchers found corneal backscatter was greater with bladeless LASIK for the first three months afte...

MIT engineers probe spiders' polymer art

...body weight and gravity to elongate the gel into a fine thread. Kojic, who first practiced on silkworms, learned how to extract a microscopic amount of the gel-like solution from the spider's silk-producing major ampullate gland. The researchers used devices called micro-rheometers-custom-made to han...

Researchers find that bumblebees' flower choice matters

... ecological conditions. Karron is proud of the fine level of detail his techniques have produced. His research group was the first to demonstrate that mating patterns differ dramatically among individual flowers and the first to show that the presence of competing plant species influences mating pat...