Fertilized in Biological News

LOHAFEX: An Indo-German iron fertilization experiment

... which a patch of 300 square kilometres will be fertilized with six tons of dissolved iron. This will lead ... laboratories in the world cannot measure it. The fertilized waters, although located offshore, have been ... to high iron concentrations. The size of the fertilized patch is considerably smaller than the impact of ...

Will intensive forest practices impact water quality?

... States from 1990 to 1999, and the total acreage fertilized in the Southeast exceeds the forest area fertilized in the rest of the world. This has generated ... vegetation. One subset of clearcut watersheds was fertilized with an aerial application of diammonium ...

Study of agricultural watersheds and carbon losses

... prairie grass, continuous corn rotations and cornsoybean rotations fertilized at three nitrogen rates, and continuous corn rotations fertilized with lagooned swine effluent applied in the spring or fall of each year. ...

Fertilization intensifies competition for light and endangers plant diversity

... When grasslands are fertilized their productivity is increased but their plant diversity is diminished. ... ingenious experiment where they added artifical light to the understory of fertilized grasslands. This additional light countered the negative effects of ...

Ocean islands fuel productivity and carbon sequestration through natural iron fertilization

... the sediment was similarly two to three times higher beneath the natural fertilized region than for the nearby iron-poor region. "This work demonstrated ... and in the sediment was two to three times higher beneath the natural fertilized region than for the nearby iron-poor region. In addition, the sediment ...

August 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights

... likely triggered climatic cooling by sulphuric acid-induced volcanic winters, which would have increased the tradewinds off West Africa and, in turn, fertilized the ocean by transporting more nutrients such as sulphates to the ocean. Large extinctions in deep-sea organisms (benthic foraminifera) associated ...

Study highlights massive imbalances in global fertilizer use

... farms has contaminated surface and groundwater and helped create massive "dead zones" in coastal areas, such as the Gulf of Mexico. And ammonia from fertilized cropland has become a major source of air pollution, while emissions of nitrous oxide form a potent greenhouse gas. These and other negative ...

Caltech scientists control complex nucleation processes using DNA origami seeds

... can direct the self-assembled bottom-up growth of tiles of DNA in a precisely controlled fashion. In some ways, the process is similar to how the fertilized seeds of plants or animals contain information that directs the growth and development of those organisms. "The big potential advantage of ...

Lohafex provides new insights on plankton ecology

... ocean iron fertilization experiment in the south-western Atlantic for arduous two and a half months in the notorious Roaring Forties. The scientists fertilized a 300 square kilometre patch of ocean inside the core of an eddy (a clockwise rotating water column with an area of about 10,000 square kilometres) ...

Engineering bouncing babies, 1 at a time

... As hopeful moms-to-be learn, there are important considerations to the successful implantation of a fertilized human egg. A calm environment, regular hormonal injections and the timing of the implantation can all affect the outcome of an in-vitro procedure. ...

Scientists deconstruct cell division

... chromosomes, equally, but also partition its cellular content properly into daughter cells," explained co-author Yixan Zheng. "Cell division allows a fertilized egg to develop into multicellular organisms with different types of cells. It also replenishes adult tissues, such as skin and bones. Forming a ...

NIH grants Phylonix Phase II SBIR to develop high-throughput in vivo zebrafish assays

... important advantages for drug screening: they are small, inexpensive to maintain, and easily bred in large numbers. Zebrafish eggs are externally fertilized and each mating produces 100-200 eggs. Single zebrafish can be maintained in fluid volumes as small as 100 microliters for the first six days of ...

Flies may reveal evolutionary step to live birth

... that should provide abundant opportunities for identifying genetic changes that cause females of this species, and not others, to retain their fertilized eggs until they are ready to hatch. The result was so surprising that the scientists initially thought it was a mistake. "The student who was ...

Shifts in soil bacterial populations linked to wetland restoration success

... availability in which fewer bacterial groups can survive and grow, they explained. In comparison, former wetlands that have been drained, limed and fertilized for farming host greater soil bacterial diversity because they present conditions more suitable for bacterial growth. "The bacterial communities ...

OSA's ISP launches with research on breathing disorders and congenital heart defects

... of directly observing a young embryo's heart, where blood begins flowing early in development. Scientists can potentially study this process using fertilized chicken eggs, observing as the chicken embryo forms. In the earliest days of the heart's development, however, the organ is so small that there is no ...

Nitrogen applied

... of fertilizer, rye cover crops were varied in the amount of nitrogen used. After the rye had dried up, cotton was planted in the same soils and fertilized with different amounts of nitrogen. Researchers collected the plant and soil samples and determined how much nitrogen had been integrated into the ...

Researchers devise means to create blood by identifying earliest stem cells

... various types of cells that make up the human body. Hemangioblasts make the body's earliest form of blood in the fetal yolk sac, which nourishes a fertilized egg, and later in the fetal liver and bone marrow. However, because human embryonic cells disappear early in gestation, their role in the early ...

Location, location, location important for genes, too

... just one copy. Their study, published in the Aug. 28 issue of the journal Nature, shows that mice need just one of the four genes to develop from fertilized eggs through adulthood. "We found that if E2f3a is present, the animals can develop normally through adulthood, even when all the other genes are ...

Bitter-tasting nectar and floral odors optimize outcrossing for plants

... measured the male fitness of the four transgenic lines by emasculating flowers of plants and subsequently determining the origin of pollen which had fertilized their seeds with DNA probes. This paternity test allowed scientists to identify which of the transgenic plant lines were most successful at passing ...

Drinking water in Gaza Strip contaminated with high levels of nitrate

... their isolation, the inhabitants of this area between the Mediterranean, Egypt and Israel are reliant on being self-sufficient. The fields are mostly fertilized with chicken and cow dung. Artificial fertilizers account for only around a quarter of the fertilizer used. Because of the area's geology and the ...

Egg P bodies protect maternal gene messages

... P bodies of other cells of the body. The eggs contain large numbers of maternally-derived gene messages (mRNAs), which won't be read until the egg is fertilized and the embryo starts to develop. By keeping their P bodies Pat1-free, eggs thus ensure their maternal messages stay safe until they are needed. ...

Soil's carbon storage capacity investigated

... summer fallow, fertilization, and establishment of grass, gains in soil organic C between Years 6 and 12 were negligible in all treatments except the fertilized grass treatment. Most of the gains in total soil organic C were due to increased light fraction C. The results indicate that much of the gain in ...

Mate or hibernate? That's the question worm pheromones answer

... what it was. " C. elegans is one of the best-studied organisms on earth," Edison said. "The entire cell lineage of the animal is known from fertilized egg to adult animal. Every single cell division had been mapped out. But until now, its small-molecule signaling has been poorly understood. We ...

Human embryonic stem cells developed from 4-cell embryo; world first may lessen ethical concerns

... 24 hours after fertilisation the egg divides into two cells. Division into four cells occurs after 48 hours. After 96 hours, at the morula stage, the fertilized egg has divided four to five times. During this time the size of the embryo does not increase, so the cells become smaller and smaller and they are ...

Scientists find stem cells for the first time in the pituitary

... stress or to normal life changes like pregnancy. Seeking Adult Stem Cells Maturity, in some respects, brings diminished possibilities. As a fertilized egg cell repeatedly divides to grow into a mature animal, most of the resulting cells become ever more specialized. But a small number of cells, ...

Crop management strategies key to a healthy Gulf, planet

... 2008: Fueling our Future, researchers discussed multiple aspects of bioenergy crops. Choices about what crops are grown and how they are planted, fertilized and harvested influence the effects of biofuels on native plant diversity, competition with food crops and effects on water and air quality, Dale ...

Early exposure to common weed killer impairs amphibian development

... candidate Jenny R. Lenkowski and Lisa Deininger, a Summer Scholars program undergraduate student, collected eggs from adult female frogs and then fertilized them in vitro. Scientists exposed the developing tadpoles to 10, 25 and 35 mg/L of atrazine. The 35 mg/L dosage simulated the average amount of ...

Less can be more, for plant breeders too

... now motivated them to try the method in rice. One of the rice genes they targeted is called Eui1. When Eui1 is inactive, flowers tend to be fertilized by pollen from other plants, rather than being self-fertilized. While this trait would be harmful to a wild rice plant, breeders use this genetic ...

New map outlines risk of zebra mussel invasion

... becoming established in low-calcium areas. Unlike most freshwater mussels, these invasive species release their eggs into the water where they are fertilized and the larvae called veligers float for up to a month. If there isnt enough calcium in the water, you probably arent going to get zebra or ...

Study reveals that nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil organic carbon

... more than 100 years and a wide variety of cropping and tillage practices," said Boast, "we found consistent evidence of an organic carbon decline for fertilized soils throughout the world and including much of the Corn Belt besides Illinois." "We don't question the importance of nitrogen fertilizers for ...

Auto immune response creates barrier to fertility; could be a step in speciation

... And if studies move beyond plants, I predict it will be the same in animals. Dangl suggested that the necrotic plant is possibly analogous to a fertilized egg that fails to implant in the uterus. Infertility in couples might be explained by analogous auto-immune genetic profile. How many couples cant ...

New technology addresses female fertility preservation

... needing cancer treatment, can freeze mature, fertilized eggs, but the process can take up to six weeks ... in the development of eggs, which can be fertilized and ultimately lead to healthy embryos and the ... were then used for in vitro fertilization. The fertilized eggs were implanted into a foster mother that was ...

Cloned stem cells prove identical to fertilized stem cells

... has been derived from a cloned embryo or from a fertilized embryo," says Whitehead Member Rudolf Jaenisch, ... surviving stem cells by transplanting them into fertilized blastocysts and then observing the overall health ... clear," says Brambrink. "If a gene is active in fertilized stem cells, it's also active in cloned stem ...

Scripps research scientists identify infertility molecule

... must be able to fertilize the egg. Finally, the fertilized egg must become a viable embryo and implant in ... to having their eggs harvested by doctors, fertilized by their partner's sperm outside their bodies, ... One issue may be that once a woman's egg is fertilized and made into an embryo, it must descend to the ...

Technique may allow cancer patients to freeze eggs, preserving fertility before starting treatment

... the vitrified eggs would be warmed and then fertilized with male sperm. The fertilized eggs would then be transferred to the uterus in ... 80 percent of eggs that had been vitrified became fertilized with ICSI, with a live birth rate of about 30 ...

Bypassing eggs, flu vaccine grown in insect cells shows promise

... of 460 people reported in JAMA. “When you need hundreds of millions of fertilized eggs, you’re dealing with a whole host of agricultural issues, as well as ... prevent flu have centered on growing flu virus in hundreds of millions of fertilized eggs, with each egg containing less than a teaspoonful of material that ...

Genetic tug of war determines sexual differentiation

... Whether or not a fertilized mammalian egg ultimately develops into a male or female is determined by ... was supported by the National Institutes of Health. In mammals, a fertilized egg with two X chromosomes will become a female, while an egg with an X ...

Component in soy products causes reproductive problems in laboratory mice

... explain that oocytes that remain in clusters are less likely to become fertilized based on previous research. The largest difference between the genistein ... "You need at least one good healthy single oocyte that is ovulated and fertilized by a sperm to get a healthy baby. Genistein seems to have a way of making ...

Researchers now able to look deep into heart to view triggers of a heart's beat

... for sex determination: Unfertilized eggs develop into males, while fertilized eggs become females. But the development of an unfertilized egg into an ... "A lot of energy goes into making these centrosomes, and if the egg gets fertilized they don't use them--the centrosome from the sperm is used ...