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Scientists ID molecular 'switch' in liver that triggers harmful effects of saturated and trans fats
... opportunity to try to understand what makes these fatty acids so deleterious, and what we need to avoid." ...rvard Medical School. Saturated fats are found in fatty cuts of meat, whole-milk dairy products, butter, and palm and coconut oils; they are associated with...Lack of enzyme turns fat cells into fat burners
..."Wakil and his colleagues studied the oxidation of fatty acid andglucose in cultures of fat cells isolated ...lacked ACC2. When the mice were fed a normal diet, fatty acidoxidation was 80 percent higher in the fat cells of the mice lackingACC2 when compared to normal...Tiny scaffolding allows stem cells to become working fat cells
...s other vital roles. Fat cells extract lipids, or fatty acids, from the bloodstream. They also become a huge reservoir for glucose as well, and play a role in insulins ability to effectively convert glucose into energy. "If we could learn how to control fat formation in the body, then we could keep peopl...Self-assembled nano-sized probes allow Penn researchers to see tumors through flesh and skin
... cell membranes are created from a double layer of fatty phospholipid chains, a polymersome is comprised of two layers of synthetic co-polymers. Like a living cell, the polymersome membrane has a hydrophobic core. The study shows that the fluorophores evenly disperse within this core, giving rise to a nano...Opposing fat metabolism pathways triggered by a single gene
...abolic pathways: mitochondrial lipid oxidation and fatty acid desaturation. Following up on these changes ...rmone receptor nhr-49 controls fat consumption and fatty acid composition in C. elegans. PLoS Biol 3(2): e53. ...How the environment could be damaging men's reproductive health
...s fishermen, who consume large quantities of local fatty fish." POPs enter the environment in a number of ways. Tarmo Tiido, co-author and PhD student at the Fertility Centre, said: "The sources of contamination for POPs are closely related to human activities such as domestic and industrial discharge, au...Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries
... infection-fighting cells might also contribute to fatty buildups that coat arteries and lead to heart dise...nt study, scientists exposed mice lacking AIM to a fatty diet that would normally induce atherosclerosis. After several weeks, researchers found little to n...McGill researchers shed light on formation of carcinogen in food
... components, such as vitamin C and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may produce furan as an unwanted by-product of cooking, bottling or canning food products. "Furan and its derivatives sometimes form when amino acids or sugars are broken down by the heat of cooking," explains Dr. Yaylayan. "Normally, f...New component of the 'brakes' on nerve regeneration found
... cablelike axons of injured neurons. Myelin is the fatty sheath that encases neurons and acts as an insulator and aid to the transmission of nerve impulses. Researchers knew that CNS neurons had receptors on their surface that accepted the inhibitory molecules--like a key fitting a lock--and switched-on i...Owl genomics presents a HEPATOCHIP for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
... unknown etiology, characterized histologically by fatty acid accumulation, hepatocyte damage and inflammation resembling alcoholic hepatitis. NASH is a critical stage in the process that spans from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. NASH is one of the most common causes of elevated aminot...Columbia study shows widely used artery clearing device does not help patients during heart attack
...ave shown that a commonly used procedure to remove fatty debris from blocked arteries during a heart attack...distal protection. During angioplasty procedures, fatty deposits in the arteries can be dislodged and clog arteries further downstream. Distal protection de...Lipids get new comprehensive classification system
... lipids are divided into eight primary categories: fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphing...n extends to the left. In the simplest case of the fatty acid derivatives, the acid group is drawn on the right and the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain is on t...Fat's fate depends on its source
...acking fat, the mice developed low blood sugar and fatty liver. Both conditions were reversed when the rese...y of genes critical for the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and cholesterol. Those genes are normally targeted by PPARa, a key energy management gene act...Deep thinking: Scientists sequence a cold-loving marine microbe
...such as cell membranes packed with polyunsaturated fatty acids that resist freezing, polyester compounds th... of four to five genes to generate polyunsaturated fatty acids and pack those acids into cell membranes, resulting in membranes that are fluid and functional...Scripps research scientists identify infertility molecule
... affected prostaglandin levels. Prostaglandin is a fatty acid found in mammals that is essential for normal implantation. Manipulating parts of LPA signaling may thus be a way of changing prostaglandin levels. This is a significant finding because low implantation rates are one of the major issues facing ...Insulin pulses keep the liver lean
...sts new dietary strategies and treatments to avoid fatty liver, a growing healthcare epidemic, said the res...pulses acutely reduce the activity of fat-building fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver by activating a second liver molecule, called CEACAM1. In mice lack...Study casts doubt on 'Snowball Earth' theory
...ues to identify prehistoric organisms based on the fatty remains of their cell membranes. The team, which included scientists from USC, Caltech, the University of Maryland and a Brazilian mining company, identified "a complex and productive microbial ecosystem," including photosynthesizing organisms that ...Beyond genes: Lipid helps cell wall protein fold into proper shape
...ine, or PE for short. Phospholipids, unlike their fatty acid and cholesterol cousins, include a phosphate group that spurs them to form a bilayer with water-friendly outer layers sandwiching an impermeable water-unfriendly inner layer that defines the outer surface of cells. Transport of nutrients and was...Weight control protein may yield antiobesity drugs
... of leptin, insulin, and lipids. They also develop fatty livers and high blood sugar, the group reports. "Our findings reveal SH2-B as an important positive regulator of leptin sensitivity inside cells of the brain region known as the hypothalamus," said senior author of the study, Liangyou Rui. The hypot...Researchers discover new tumor defense system
Researchers have discovered that tumors release fatty acids that interfere with the cells that are tryin...Consequently, strategies that reduce the amount of fatty acids surrounding the tumors may give a boost to anti-cancer therapeutics. The details of these find...Scientists discover the molecular switch for nerve cells' insulating jelly rolls
...switch that turns on the production of myelin, the fatty insulation around nerve cells that ensures swift and efficient communication in the nervous system. The study, published in the September 1, 2005, issue of the journal Neuron, may provide a new avenue for treating nervous system diseases such as mult...Bugs expose underground carbon traffic system 10 times more important than fossil fuel burning
... without Collembola for a particular phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) that is characteristic for AM mycelia. They found that this particular PLFA contained significant amounts of 13C in cores not exposed to Collembola. However those soil cores that were exposed to collembola which fed on the mycorrhizal my...Researchers show how air pollution can cause heart disease
... had arteries 19.2 percent filled with plaque, the fatty deposits that clog arteries. The arteries of those breathing particle-free air were 13.2 percent obstructed. Among high-fat diet mice, those exposed to PM2.5 had arteries that were 41.5 percent obstructed by plaque, whereas the arteries of the pollut...The nude mouse tale: Omega-3 fats save the life of a terminal cancer patient
...tically increasing the patient's intake of omega-3 fatty acids, which are often found in fish oil or golden.... Pardini's previous research showed that omega-3 fatty acids significantly depressed the growth of human mammary, ovarian, colon, prostate and pancreatic c...Have a taste for fat? Yes! A sensor in the mouth promotes preference for fatty foods
...the multifunctional glycoprotein CD36 (also termed fatty acid transporter, FAT) as the sensor for fat. They show that lingual stimulation of CD36 by fatty acids influences behavioral and digestive physiology. CD36 gene inactivation fully abolishes both t...Stem cells from muscles can repair cartilage
...ults." Although recent studies have suggested that fatty tissue and tissue lining the space between joints (synovium) might also be sources of stem cells, obtaining these cells is more invasive than muscle biopsies. The author also notes that patients could potentially serve as donors to themselves, since ...Evidence for omega 3 fats less conclusive than we thought, say experts
...he researchers. Consumption of long chain omega 3 fatty acids, found in oily fish and fish oils, and a shorter chain omega 3, found in some plant oils, is thought to protect against heart disease. UK guidelines encourage the general public to eat more oily fish, and higher amounts are advised after a hear...There's something fishy about human brain evolution
...res ample supplies of a particular polyunsaturated fatty acid: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is critical to proper neuron function. Human baby fat provides both an energy source for the rapidly growing infant grey matter, and also, says Dr. Cunnane, a greater concentration of DHA per pound than at any ot...Cell therapy slows progression of an inherited neurological disease; Improves motor skills in mice
... usually begins early in life. In the disease, the fatty substance sulfatide accumulates in the brain due to the lack of an enzyme and causes loss of the white matter or myelin protecting nerve fibers. Without myelin, nerves cannot conduct impulses to and from other areas of the body, resulting in symptoms...Scientists design potent anthrax toxin inhibitor
...e University of Toronto, the investigators built a fatty bubble studded with small proteins that can cling ...o gain entry into a host cell. The protein-spiked fatty bubble, or "functionalized liposome," hampers a critical early step in the assembly process that ant...Cholesterol gets 'thumbs up' for role in digit development
... Although cholesterol has a bad rap as the sticky, fatty substance responsible for clogging arteries, Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers recently found that the attachment of cholesterol to an important developmental protein controls the development of fingers and toes in mice. Without choles...Butterflies lose body fat during metamorphosis
...terfly Farm in Belize, the scientists analyzed the fatty acid composition and content of the butterflies, t...ood consumption of the larva and then analyzed the fatty acid composition and content of the diet as well as the larva. Once the larva had transformed into ...Study by Einstein researchers could lead to a novel strategy for treating obesity
...ege of Medicine have shown that reducing levels of fatty acids in the hypothalamus causes rats to overeat a...t study shows that this brain region also monitors fatty acid levels and responds by controlling appetite. The study focused on malonyl CoA, a molecule susp...New gene reduces retinal degeneration in fruit flies
...ntell. DAG can be metabolized to polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been shown to control TRP channels in flies and may also control some mammalian TRP channels. However, exactly how these molecules exert their control remains unclear. In adding the Lazaro gene to the list of players, the researcher...Removing DNA repair gene causes metabolic syndrome
...e National Academy of Sciences, also had enlarged, fatty yellow livers, insulin levels four times higher th...al organs almost entirely encased in thick pads of fatty tissue. The results are the first to link DNA repair with the metabolic syndrome, and they suggest ...Dogs keep dying: Many owners unaware of toxic dog food
...n the liver unique for aflatoxin toxicity, such as fatty degeneration of individual cells. "Even if dogs show no signs of illness, if they have eaten the affected food, they should have blood tests submitted to detect liver injury," Center stressed. "Dogs that show positive results on any of the above te...Nano-particles effective in killing cancer with one-two punch of chemotherapeutics
... drug-delivery) are created from a double layer of fatty molecules called phospholipids, a polymersome is comprised of two layers of synthetic polymers. The individual polymers are degradable and considerably larger than individual phospholipids but have many of the same chemical features. This results i...New Research Shows Artificial Light at Night Stimulates Breast Cancer Growth in Laboratory Mice
...t on a nutrient called linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid, in order to grow,?said David Blask, M.D., Ph.D., a neuroendocrinologist with the Bassett Research Institute and lead author on the study. “Melatonin interferes with the tumor’s ability to use linoleic acid as a growth signal, which causes tumor...Free-radical busting antioxidants might not promote healthy hearts
...t to contribute to the build-up of disease-causing fatty deposits on artery walls. But a new study, published online on April 10 in The Journal of Experimental Medicine, suggests that the heart-healthy effect of one antioxidant has little to do with cholesterol oxidation. A group of researchers at the Uni...Stable polymer nanotubes may have a biotech future
...are a spin-off of liposomes, artificial cells with fatty membranes used in cosmetics and for drug delivery.) The researchers made the membranes stretchy by adding a soap-like fluid to change the polymer membranes' mechanical properties. Then they used "optical tweezers" (highly focused infrared lasers) or ...Imaging study links key genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease to myelin breakdown
...dy shows that age-related breakdown of myelin, the fatty insulation coating the brain's internal wiring, correlates strongly with the presence of a key genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease. The findings are detailed in the January edition of the peer-reviewed journal Archives of General Psychiatry an...Inflammation and drugs to control this activity studied in a variety of tumors sites
... or AMACR. This protein metabolizes branched chain fatty acids, cholesterol metabolites and enhances the activity of ibuprofen. The AMACR protein is overexpressed in some cancers such as prostate, colon and precancerous colorectal adenomas, or polyps, though it is expressed very little in normal tissues....Salmon go veggie to save wild fish stocks
Salmon, like humans, require omega-3 fatty acids in their diet to function healthily. But as ...hat as long as we meet the basic essential omega-3 fatty acid needs of the salmon with some dietary fish oil, such as those for EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) a...Alaska seal pup diet may hold key to decline of population
...sek explained. "We are examining the importance of fatty fish in the diet of young, growing seals to see if our experimental seals reflect changes observed in wild populations and could explain the rapid population declines seen since the 1970s." Low fat or high fat diet The study began in 2004 with fo...New potential drug target in tuberculosis
...amburg group discovered how LipB attaches specific fatty acids onto other proteins. "LipB is a very promising drug target," Wilmanns says, "because it belongs to a vital pathway. Unlike other organisms M. tuberculosis has no backup mechanism that could take over LipB's role. This means that an inhibitor ...Chocolate, wine, spicy foods may be OK for heartburn, Stanford study finds
...forementioned culinary joys - along with fried and fatty foods, all alcoholic and carbonated beverages, tobacco and mint - and to stop eating three hours before lying down. In addition, you're advised to keep your weight under control. Those lifestyle changes coupled with antacids and various over-the-coun...Chewing up a key regulator of fat synthesis keeps mice lean despite a high-fat diet
...ins, fried foods and sweets ?increases the risk of fatty liver disease, which may eventually lead to type 2...zing finding is that these mice are protected from fatty liver disease, a serious problem in obese individuals with insulin resistance," says Montminy. Our ...African parasite makes component of fat differently from all other organisms
...have discovered a previously unknown way of making fatty acids, a component of fat and the outer layer of a...is a completely new biochemical pathway for making fatty acids," says Soo Hee Lee, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biological Chemistry at...Finding a better way to make biodiesel
...e much cheaper than soy oil, but also contain free fatty acids that can't be converted to biodiesel by curr...dic catalysts on the particle can convert the free fatty acids to biodiesel while basic catalysts can convert the oils into fuel. And the particles themselv...Think fast! Rice undergrad unlocks nerve speed secret
...e cells are encased in a membrane, a thin layer of fatty tissue that walls off the outside world from the c... bay for cartons of chemicals encased in their own fatty membranes. "Nerve cells are one of the few cells in our bodies in which vesicles are prepositioned...Natural vitamin E tocotrienol reaches blood at protective levels
...ns associated with cardiovascular disease, and the fatty acid linoleic acid, which can directly stimulate damaging free radical activity. Fatty acids are related to stroke: They rapidly accumulate when a clot in a vessel stops blood flow to the brain, and play a role in irreversible brain injury. To obs...Compound in dairy products targets diabetes
...proteins, and their biological purpose is to sense fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites within the cell, says Vanden Heuvel. When the synthetic drugs interact with the...Gene linked to rare disease activates fat breakdown
...mained mysterious. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids, each of which is removed in a "step-wise af...That enzyme, now known to remove the second of the fatty acids from triglyceride, was long thought to be the critical rate-limiting step in the lipid break d...'Smart' genetic therapy helps the body to heal itself
... actual marker of the disease, the very-long chain fatty acids in white blood cells and plasma. If these levels have normalised with valproate, they hope to be able to start a double-blind clinical trial in collaboration with Professor Patrick Aubourg of INSERM, the French national medical research agenc...Eat less, weigh more? Enzyme makes lean mice 'susceptible' to dietary fat
...terally feeds on itself, breaking down fat to form fatty acids that fuel energy needs. When the cells of the body are well fed and energy is in ample supply, molecular signals from the brain tell cells in the body to store the excess energy by converting it to fat. Weight gain results when food intake gre...With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane
... proteins in a section of compositionally distinct fatty membrane have been called ''lipid rafts.'' Just as a raft is a bunch of logs associated because a rope binds them together, allowing it to perform the function of floating, proteins associated with other proteins on a lipid raft may perform function...Scientists work to identify genes that contribute to early heart attack risk
... diseases. Atherosclerosis is the development of fatty deposits in arteries that leads to blood clot formation, angina, heart attack and stroke. This process can begin in childhood and early adult life. Doctors have known that genetic factors contribute to risk for early atherosclerosis but the exact gen...High hourly air pollution levels more than double stroke risk
...brain become furred up and narrowed as a result of fatty deposits. This is possibly because the time lag between the start of this type of stroke and death is rather longer than that for a bleed into the brain, say the authors. Pervious research shows that the effects of air pollution act quickly on the...... Sweden shows that eating salmon or other kinds of fatty fish a few times a month would be one good way to ...inska Institutet have concluded that women who eat fatty fish gain significant protection against renal cancer. At least one portion of fatty fish a week du...... have identified genes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, bacterial and viral infection, and freshwater to seawater adaptation. The DNA chip will be able to identify changes in the activity of these genes and so alert us to any potential problems. It is too early to tell...Other ContentsgraingraingraingraingraingrainpollenpollenpollenpollentailtailtailtailtailpolyacrylamidepolyacrylamidepolyacrylamidepolyacrylamidepolyadenylationpolyadenylationpolyadenylationantibodiesantibodiesantibodiesantibodiesantibodiesantibodiesantibodiesantibodiesantibodiespolycistronicpolyclonalpolyclonalpolyclonalpolyclonalOther TagsChallengesChallengesChallengesFishingUrateUrateUrateOther Tagspair 2pair 3pair 4pair 5pair 6pair 7brief 2brief 3brief 4brief 5brief 6brief 7tracked 2tracked 3tracked 4educational 2
(Date:5/16/2008)...16, 2008 New data show that CAPHOSOL ( www.caphos...es painful oral mucositis (OM) and improves qualit...apy and radiation therapy. These data will be rep...an oral podium presentation and one tomorrow as a ... Oncology Nursing Society (ONS). These data confir...
(Date:5/16/2008)... maintaining germ-free homes for their children ha...adoption of anti-bacterial soaps and cleaning agen... soaps now have come under scrutiny by the EPA and...oncerns. , Two closely related antimicrobials,...the debacle. Whereas triclosan (TCS) has long capt...
(Date:5/15/2008)...lobal climate change has long been a concern for e... policy issue, the problem of excessive reactive n...a growing circle of environmental scientists who s...t and negatively alters local and global ecosystem...papers by leading environmental scientists bring t...
(Date:5/15/2008)...ving found that whether bacteria stick to surfaces...IT engineers have created ultrathin films made of ...and other surfaces to control microbe accumulation... provide a valuable layer of protection for the he... of hospital-acquired infections, which take the l...
Breaking Biology News(10 mins):CAPHOSOL relieves oral mucositis and improves quality-of-life in cancer patients 2CAPHOSOL relieves oral mucositis and improves quality-of-life in cancer patients 3CAPHOSOL relieves oral mucositis and improves quality-of-life in cancer patients 4New study links fate of personal care products to environmental pollution and human health concerns 2New study links fate of personal care products to environmental pollution and human health concerns 3Addressing the 'nitrogen cascade' 2Addressing the 'nitrogen cascade' 3MIT crafts bacteria-resistant films 2MIT crafts bacteria-resistant films 3Genta Announces Licensing Agreement for Worldwide Development and Commercialization of a Leading Oral Taxane Tesetaxel 13769 1Genta Announces Licensing Agreement for Worldwide Development and Commercialization of a Leading Oral Taxane Tesetaxel 13769 2Genta Announces Licensing Agreement for Worldwide Development and Commercialization of a Leading Oral Taxane Tesetaxel 13769 3Genta Announces Licensing Agreement for Worldwide Development and Commercialization of a Leading Oral Taxane Tesetaxel 13769 4Synthetic peptoids hold forth promise for new antibiotics 13766 1Synthetic peptoids hold forth promise for new antibiotics 13766 2Allergic response tied to lipid molecules in cell membrane 13763 1Allergic response tied to lipid molecules in cell membrane 13763 2Even in Middle Age Starting to Drink May Lower Heart Risks 13761 1Even in Middle Age Starting to Drink May Lower Heart Risks 13761 2Even in Middle Age Starting to Drink May Lower Heart Risks 13761 3(Date:5/16/2008)...o Save Vital Services for Frail Seniors and People...wswire-USNewswire/ -- Thousands of,homecare worker...warzenegger,s proposed cuts to hours of service, w...ornia,s most vulnerable workers and the,people the...these vital,services for seniors and people with d...
(Date:5/16/2008)...sents Urban Health Institute with 10,000 Sensual O...rg at Playboy Mansion Fundraiser, LOS ANGELES, Ma...ip-hop,and R & B artist J Kwon known best for his ...ll be presenting the Urban Health Institute (UHI) ... over $50,000. The donation is,being made to promo...
(Date:5/16/2008)...docs determine who would benefit most from chemo a... 16 (HealthDay News) -- A panel of 15 genes may he...mall cell lung cancer will experience a recurrence...y, a new study shows. , By extension, the same... less aggressive forms of the cancer who would be ...
(Date:5/16/2008)...TON, May 16 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- As tropical...e Irrawaddy delta, survivors of,Cyclone Nargis are... Many,survivors still need assistance, as exposure... an increasingly dire situation., "The people liv...,recover from this disaster and get back on their ...
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