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Growth in the sea comes down to a struggle for iron
...icans' interest stems in part from the first SEEDS experiment in 2001. Japanese scientists had recorded the largest phytoplankton bloom of any of the iron fertilization tests conducted to that date. The question that remains unanswered is why the diatoms showed signs of nutrient stress before the iron and other...Study Demonstrates Gene Expression Microarrays are Comparable and Reproducible
...cern. Can I trustthese results? If I redo the same experiment in one month, will I beable to compare both? The NIH recently demonstrated that microarrays experiments performed in different labs "have a high degree of reproducibility , as long as standardized protocols are carefully followed". Good news for...Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue
...ansplanted skeletal graft into living tissue in an experiment involving mice. The advance, which uses gene therapy to stimulate the body into treating the foreign splint as living bone, is a promising development for the thousands of cancer and trauma patients each year who suffer with fragile and failing bone ...Sea skate experiment sheds light on human cell transport
...ty of Chicago collaborator, Goldstein conducted an experiment with the red blood cells of skates to understand how these skinny, graceful fish can swim from salt water to fresh water. For humans, such a drastic environmental change would prompt an equally drastic physiological change: Our cells would take in to...Automatic extraction of gene/protein biological functions from biomedical text
...ilarities and rule-based techniques. A preliminary experiment demonstrated that our method has an estimated recall of 54?4% with a precision of 91?4% for actually described functions in abstracts. When applied to the PUBMED, it extracted over 190 000 gene–GO relationships and 150 000 family–GO relationships for...Scientists develop new color-coded test for protein folding
...eir original three-dimensional shape. In fact, the experiment showed that, when attached to gold film, cytochrom...ew months, he and his colleagues plan to re-do the experiment using other protein molecules. ...New insight into people who 'see' colors in letters and numbers
...ported elicited specific colors. They designed the experiment so that if the synesthetes really were seeing the colors, that color perception would help them distinguish shapes such as triangles or squares formed by the graphemes. In another experiment, the researchers found that synesthetic color helped the sy...Bird Brains Show How Trial and Error May Contribute to Learning
...cing that kind of variability." Kao began with an experiment to stimulate the region of the forebrain called LMAN (lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium). In the avian brain, LMAN receives input about complex movements from the basal ganglia and forwards the information to motor neurons tha...Agilent Technologies releases automated literature search tool for biology researchers
... and proteins. A microarray or an LC/MS-proteomics experiment can typically result in hundreds of genes and proteins of interest. Biologists can use the new plug-in to avoid the daunting task of manually searching for each gene and protein in the scientific literature and patents. "Mining past literature for i......attractiveness of males could be increased. In the experiment none of the females being tested could see the mal...ical for the survival of future offspring. In the experiment females were fooled by the protein fragments into believing that males with insufficient MHC molecul...World's largest rainforest drying experiment completes first phase
...surprising results of the first phase of a drydown experiment occurring in the Amazonian rainforest. From Janua...ientist with The Woods Hole Research Center, "This experiment provides researchers with a peek into the future of this majestic forest, a future that will most li...Programmable cells: Engineer turns bacteria into living computers
...circuit to accomplish the task. "Then we can do an experiment to see if the community of cells is behaving as we desire. That is going to have a tremendous number of applications." ...CoPub Mapper: mining MEDLINE based on search term co-publication
...1 differentially expressed genes from a microarray experiment were analyzed with CoPub Mapper, which resulted in several relevant clusters of genes with biological process and disease keywords. In addition, all genes versus keywords were hierarchical clustered to reveal a complete grouping of published genes ba...Study: 'homemade' gene expression technology unreliable
...ent that a similar result would be obtained if the experiment is repeated elsewhere," Spencer said. Gene chips contain tens of thousands of tiny droplets containing a cell's whole gene sequences that are laid out on a single microscope slide by fast-moving robotic machines. Scientists determine how the express...Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication
...ysician, to oversee the most sophisticated seismic experiment to date--an elaborate field study funded by Stanfo...989, Payne and her colleagues conducted a landmark experiment at a waterhole in Etosha demonstrating that these powerful infrasonic rumbles contain specific messa...Double triumph in stem cell quest
...s an adult cell and an egg, and because in Hwang's experiment both came from the same person, it was difficult to prove the embryo really was cloned (New Scientist, 21 February 2004, p 6). The process was also very inefficient, taking 242 eggs to create just one ESC line. Now Hwang has created 11 more ESC line...Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right
... them to form back structures. What clinched their experiment was taking the organizer from one embryo - in thei...ng its activity by repeating Spemann and Mangold's experiment but injecting noggin instead of implanting an organizer from another embryo. They also discovered xn...One gene links newborn neurons with those that die in diseases such as Alzheimer's
...eurons thus have a chance of surviving. In another experiment the scientists allowed male finches to sing to a female before analyzing the birds' brain neurons. As predicted, the expression of UCHL1 in replaceable neurons, but not in nonreplaceable ones, increased in birds that were singing. "These findings su...The lopsided brain: Attention bias is shared by humans and birds
...howed a considerable leftward bias in pecking. The experiment is similar in concept to those that reveal pseudoneglect in humans--so-called cancellation tasks in which subjects are asked to "cancel-out" evenly distributed visual targets on a sheet of paper placed before them. The finding that birds also exhibi...The circadian clock: Understanding nature's timepiece
... making the right decisions." Antle also hopes to experiment further with a technique that involves resetting the circadian clock by altering serotonin levels, the same neurotransmitter that the anti-depressant Prozac targets. He says it could one day be possible to move people ahead eight hours simply with a ...Rhesus monkeys can assess the visual perspective of others when competing for food
...he other stood facing the subject. Monkeys in this experiment spontaneously chose to approach and steal a grape from only the competitor with his back toward the monkey. In five more experiments, the monkeys revealed similar preferences for an experimenter who could not see them, rather than one who could. Most...Science study holds implications for gene therapy and stem cell biology
...e models." Dr. Baum said. Scientists, in general, experiment with related gene vectors to treat severe inborn disorders or cancer. There continues to be an increasing interest in gene therapy research with blood stem cells because these cells can be extracted and manipulated and then reinserted to repopulate t...Remote control flies? Fly behavior controlled by laser light
...enböck says one of the most difficult parts of the experiment was deciding which particular nerve cells to target with the remote control system. "To ascertain that the system actually worked, it wasn't clear how we could measure activation in the neurons in moving, freely behaving organisms," he explains. The...Chemical Engineer Kao Explores Antibiotic Synthesis With DNA Chips
...orescent dye and applied to the microarray. "This experiment revealed that the RNA transcript abundance of the erythromycin-producing genes remained higher for longer times in the Saccharopolyspora erythraea mutant strain," Kao said. Searching for mutations When researchers reveal how mutants overproduce ant...Natural Killers Could Lead to New Hepatitis Treatments
...opping. The chemical the researchers used in their experiment is a general immune activator and does not reflect what occurs during an actual infection, he noted. Such knowledge would offer important insights into the mechanism of inflammation and liver damage due to infections, he said. ...U. Iowa researchers improve Huntington's disease symptoms in mice
...ce our results are positive, we can now repeat the experiment in mouse models that develop disease more slowly and more closely resemble HD in humans," Davidson said. Most genes are inherited as a pair, one from either parent. In HD, one mutated copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the disease. However, the...Second messenger NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle
.... In conclusion, Yamasaki said, "Our data in this experiment provides the first direct evidence that cholecystokinin elicits a rapid, dose-dependent and selective increase in NAADP, and thus unequivocal evidence that NAADP is a crucial messenger employed by cholecystokinin." Yamasaki noted that NAADP has "a s...Life detection instrument passes key test on road to Mars
...and people thought I was crazy to be working on an experiment to detect life on Mars," Skelley said. "I feel vin...e right position at the right time to do the right experiment to find life on Mars." Mathies said that his experiment is the only one proposed for ExoMars or the...Roundup®highly lethal to amphibians, finds University of Pittsburgh researcher
...s, is "extremely lethal" to amphibians. This field experiment is one of the most extensive studies on the effect... over the bottom." Relyea initially conducted the experiment to see whether the Roundup® would have an indirect effect on the frogs by killing their food source,...Certain fish have a special mating preference
...ish from both environments and ran a common-garden experiment ?in which all environmental factors are the same for all individuals ?in laboratory aquaria. He found that gonopodia size was larger in the lab for the offspring of parents collected in predator-free environments ?just as in the field ?proving herita...IMF Launches World’s First DNA Database for Myeloma Patients
...ish from both environments and ran a common-garden experiment ?in which all environmental factors are the same for all individuals ?in laboratory aquaria. He found that gonopodia size was larger in the lab for the offspring of parents collected in predator-free environments ?just as in the field ?proving herita...Researchers discover mechanism for multiplying adult stem cells
... without having it form mature liver tissue. This experiment showed that when Oct4 was reactivated, the adult stem cells in those tissues continued to replicate without forming mature tissue. In a mammal's body, this type of cell behavior causes tumors. But under the right laboratory conditions, it could be a ...Study shows humans have ability to track odors, much like bloodhounds
...ion from smell." One key difference between their experiment and previous experiments to replicate the results of von B�k�sy is that Porter and Sobel asked their subjects to actively sniff, whereas many previous experiments prevented subjects from sniffing. "We think that most people failed to replicate his r...Identification of specific genes predicts which patients will respond to Hepatitis C treatment
...idates for specific therapies. "We went into this experiment without any hypothesis about what to look for," said Aled Edwards, a Professor in the Banting and Best Department of Medical Research at University of Toronto with cross appointments in the Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medical Genetics and M...Say what? Bacterial conversation stoppers
...es and consumes AI-2. In this study, she set up an experiment where multitudes of E. coli first produced then devoured enough AI-2 to dim the lights of the marine bacteria, essentially fooling the thriving oceanic gang into thinking its members were few, thereby terminating its quorum-sensing behaviors. In a...Woods Hole Research Center plans controlled burn in Amazon rainforest
...ned by studying an accidental or escaped fire. The experiment is being conducted in an area in which researchers...available in the soil. According to Nepstad, "This experiment allows us to measure the impacts of recurring fire on the forest by comparing the trees, the animals...New Scripps Oceanography project to study sediments and ecosystem restoration in Venice lagoon
... public works in Venice and elsewhere." The field experiment phase by SIOSED scientists will include sediment dredging and transplantation to build six 35-meter-long and 10-meter-wide subtidal banks inside the lagoon. The banks will allow the researchers to test how the chemical content and biodiversity of the...Researchers devise new technique for creating human stem cells
...tem cells," he said. "The long term goal for this experiment was to do cell fusion in a way that would allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic cell," said Melton. "This paper reports only the first step toward that goal, because we end up with ...Gambling monkeys give insight into neural machinery of risk
...the monkeys preferred the risky target because the experiment was dull and boring, and they wanted the variability," said Platt. "But when we made the task more interesting by changing the color of the lights on each trial, the monkeys didn't care anything about it." In fact, when the researchers made the aver...'Underground' tunnels discovered as means for communication between immune system cells
... the researchers anticipated that by repeating the experiment with macrophages there'd be no response. But as luck would have it, the microscopic bacteria sample somehow got clogged inside the tip, and before Dr. Watkins realized the need to pull away from the cell, he had already given it a jab. "On the scree...Two designer drugs hit same lung cancer target, but only one is effective
...cancers responded to Erbitux. Janne says that the experiment told the scientists something new about the biology of the EGFR mutation in NSCLC. "The lesson is, to inhibit the mutant receptor, you need to inhibit the domain of the EGFR molecule that lies within the cell, as opposed to the extracellular domain,"...Monkeys understand numbers across senses
...said Brannon, the researchers decided to design an experiment that used socially relevant stimuli. "Our approac...at the monkeys could not learn anything within the experiment and instead were demonstrating their spontaneous numerical abilities. Other aspects of their experim...Scientists create digital bacteria to forge advances in biomedical research
...ame way. Sometimes, though, conducting the actual experiment would be undesirable. Preparing for a bioterrorism attack is one example. "You can actually try to simulate dangerous experiments," said Cluzel, an Assistant Professor in Physics. "For instance, if you mix a pathogenic strain with a friendly strain, ...High carbon dioxide levels spur Southern pines to grow more needles
...d at the Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in Duke Forest, a near-campus research reserve. A...gen on needle volumes because one area of the FACE experiment had been fertilized during her study period. "The viability of leaf area enhancement is really drive...Molecular mechanism of feather formation found
...m the barbs. Harris and colleagues used a similar experiment to test whether Shh could up-regulate its own expression during barb formation, and found that it could. Similarly, they found that regional expression of Shh led to detectable up-regulation of Bmp2 in feather buds as they first grew. The underlying...Freeze-dried mats of microbes awaken in Antarctic streambed
An experiment in a dry Antarctic stream channel has shown that a...s add water." McKnight gave a presentation on the experiment at the Ecological Society of America's 90th Annual Meeting held Aug. 7 to Aug. 12 in Montreal. The...Tropical Deforestation affects rainfall in the U.S. and around the globe
...general circulation model and that reproducing the experiment with other computer models using different atmospheric variables would be beneficial. Current research is attempting to answer why deforestation has such a major influence on precipitation patterns during respective seasons. ...Picky female frogs drive evolution of new species in less than 8,000 years
...me back together, have got a separate evolutionary experiment going on. And some of those pan out and some don't. But if they head off in different directions, the products themselves can be new species. And I think that's kinda cool. It gives us a mechanism for very rapid speciation." ...Study shows big game hunters, not climate change, killed off sloths
...thern Mexico to southern Brazil, he said. Such an experiment might be similar to the one that involved restoring bison, once native to Florida, to Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park near Gainesville, Steadman said. "With the work we're doing, especially on islands, to reconstruct which kinds of plants and anim...An essential regulator of body weight revealed
...dents. So I would predict that if you could do the experiment in humans, this result would be the same, because the circuits are the same." And he speculates that mutations in human genes that affect the survival of these neurons or their ability to respond to hormonal signals could alter eating behavior and bo...MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes
...ew study, scientists in the Bartel lab designed an experiment that zeroed in on these nonconserved targets. Grim...microRNAs, which latched on without a problem. The experiment proved that a matching sequence is generally sufficient to disrupt mRNA's ability to make protein. ......possibilities, Romo and his colleagues designed an experiment in which they touched the monkeys' fingertips with a vibrating but painless probe for varying lengths of time. The monkeys were first taught to respond to varying vibration frequencies; in a training session, the scientists touched the monkeys twice ...Scientists develop nanotech-laser treatment that kills cancer cells without harming healthy tissue
...cted to diseased cells with folate receptors. The experiment worked as predicted. Most of the folate-coated nan...rs at Rice University recently conducted a similar experiment on mice with cancerous tumors. Instead of carbon nanotubes, the Rice team injected the tumors with g......e and colleagues believe their large-scale natural experiment demonstrates a wolf-driven cascade effect. Only wolves were completely eliminated from the study area and subsequently recovered. Bears and other large carnivores were never completely extirpated. In addition, the researchers traced elk deaths in the...Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds
...male becomes infertile. "Previously we did an experiment in which we moved the subordinate male out of the ...nly disappear? To find out, Burmeister designed an experiment in which the dominant male was surreptitiously removed from the tank after dark. "Cichlids have grea...Wright bros. upstaged! Dinos invented biplanes
...plane wing configuration was probably a very first experiment in nature," says Chatterjee of the early flying technique, which was also used by another feathered dinosaur from China, Pedopenna, he said. Archaeopteryx achieved fully powered flight with monoplane configuration, as its wing became even larger than...NJIT study shows nanoparticles could damage plant life
...ina suspended in water. The control portion of the experiment was treated only with water, and the authors observed the experiment for seven days. During that time, they measured the differences in the growth of the plants' roots, ...Double trouble: Cells with duplicate genomes can trigger tumors
...e cancer community," says Pellman. "We set up this experiment to test it in a real cancer setting." A companion paper being published simultaneously in Nature by Randy King and colleagues at Harvard Medical School reports that tetraploid cells may arise more frequently than had been thought. According to Pellm...Researchers know what you were about to say; fMRI used to detect memory storage and retrieval
...ing shift in brain activity. "The results of this experiment suggest that when we think back to the past, each detail we remember triggers another, until the memory returns completely," Polyn said. "In that sense, memory retrieval is like revisiting the past; brain patterns that are long gone can be revived b...A counterintuitive experiment has resulted in one of the longest recorded life-s...o starvation. The long-lived organisms in Longo's experiment showed extraordinary resilience under stress. "We hit them with oxidants, we hit them with heat," L...Other ContentsdilationdilationdilationdilationdilationdilateddilateddilateddiplopiadiphtheriadiphtheriadisciplinedisciplinedisciplinedisciplinedisciplinedisciplinediscoiddisinfectantdisinfectantOther TagsRepRepRepRepRepRepRepRepThank
(Date:8/6/2008)...s from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has us...logy techniques to identify a connection between b... preference and a gene variant that appears to inf... Archives of General Psychiatry describes how var... function are associated with the activity of a ke...
(Date:8/6/2008)...ndividuals with synesthesia perceive the world in ...ir senses are ,cross-activated, some synesthetes ...days of the week as possessing personalities, even...searchers at the ,California Institute of Technol...ch individuals hear sounds, such as tapping, ,bee...
(Date:8/6/2008)...ter researchers are investigating exactly how chem...reduce side effects and test the effectiveness of ...ascoigne at the University of Manchester,s Faculty...oach to studying anti-mitotic drugs, which are use...UK. , This class of drugs, which includes the ag...
(Date:8/6/2008)...ording to new research, old ideas about water beha...o has been found in comets, on Mars and in molecul...ay this common fluid is not as well understood as ...t within our bodies," said Martin Gruebele, a Will...he University of Illinois. "Water in our bodies ha...
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(Date:8/7/2008)...women,s kids from previous relationship , ...men ages 18 to 44 are more than twice as likely as...ld, a new federal report says. , The report use...wth, which showed that more than 1.2 million men a...easons why more men adopt than women aren,t outlin...
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