examination

Imaging Lymph Nodes with Nanoparticles

...rrentmethods include surgical removal of nodes for examination and varioustypes of imaging, ranging from ultrasound to newer technologies such asmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All these methods have problems; someare very invasive, others are very time consuming, and none arecompletely reliable.However in one...

Alcohol's effects on gene expression in the central nervous system

... of alcoholics," he said. "Microarray studies ?the examination of a small glass microscope slide that has thousands of different DNA samples attached to it ?that are applied to brain function are just beginning in the field of alcoholism. Several years ago, it was impossible to analyze more than a handful of the...

Breast-Cancer Risk Linked to Exposure to Traffic Emissions at Menarche, First Birth

...gent in risk of breast cancer," said Nie. "Further examination of PAH exposure in early life is clearly warranted." The UB researchers currently are examining whether genetic polymorphisms involving PAH metabolism may modify the risk, if lifeline cumulative exposure may be associated with the risk and if this s...

Robot-based system developed at Carnegie Mellon detects life in Chile's Atacama desert

...les studied by the rover to bring back for further examination in the lab. On a typical day in the field, the rover woke up and followed a path designated the previous day by the remote operations science team. The rover followed a transect and stopped occasionally to perform detailed surface inspection, effecti...

Researchers rein in regulatory RNAs

...d tissue-specific expression patterns. Upon close examination of several SAT pairs, Abe's group found that the transcripts shared several striking characteristics. Northern blot hybridization analyses of six randomly chosen SAT pairs revealed that the SAT loci generated multiple transcripts of various sizes, in...

Small species back-up giant marsupial climate change extinction claim

...eoenvironment record was well established. Closer examination revealed a bias in sample collection in favour of larger animals and there had been few attempts to document ecological and sediment data. "Our samples show that species dependent on habitats such as woodlands and vine thickets dominate the lowest s...

Test for early detection of prostate cancer shows promise

...wo-step approach of PSA testing and digital rectal examination has helped doctors identify prostate tumors early, while the cancers can still be cured. But PSA testing, like many disease-screening procedures, misses some cases of cancer and in other cases erroneously highlights noncancerous conditions. “This ne...

Physiological effects of reduced gravity on bacteria

... water systems, including those of space stations, examination of responses to conditions like microgravity may offer significant insight into the factors that influence bacterial distribution. In this study, water system bacterial isolates from the ISS were compared to other isolates from corresponding type str...

Insight into DNA's 'weakest links' may yield clues to cancer biology

...ements, the researchers reported. Through further examination of breakpoints in a small region of one chromosome, the researchers found that the fragile sites occurred at locations along the DNA containing "retrotransposons" called Ty elements. Retrotransposons are mobile gene segments that duplicate themselves...

Bobbing birds do it for a reason

...racteristic of birds, permits the close and stable examination of objects in view during the immobile phase and allows the birds to change their point of gaze and probably to gather a sense of space and of the relative positions of objects when the head is thrust forward. ...

Scientists analyze chromosomes 2 and 4

...in-coding genes on chromosome 4. As part of their examination of chromosome 4, the researchers found what are believed to be the largest "gene deserts" yet discovered in the human genome sequence. These regions of the genome are called gene deserts because they are devoid of any protein-coding genes. However, r...

U. Iowa researchers improve Huntington's disease symptoms in mice

...mproved in comparison to untreated mice. Detailed examination of the protein levels in the treated mice showed that levels of the toxic HD protein were reduced to about 40 percent of the level seen in untreated mice. "It is very exciting that a partial reduction is sufficient to produce a very beneficial effec...

Chronic Sinus Infection Thought To Be Tissue Issue, Mayo Clinic Scientists Show It's Snot

...tion patients. Through various forms of laboratory examination of the tissue and attached mucus, the investigators observed an abundance of major basic protein throughout the nasal and sinus mucus in all 22 specimens, but not in the tissue. Chronic sinus infection is one of the most common chronic diseases in t...

ORNL, UC Berkeley unravel real-world clues to Earth's mysteries

... represents the first large-scale proteomics-level examination of a natural microbial community. "As such, we are really among the leaders in this area, as evidenced by the strong interest in Science," Hettich said. "This is an area in which there is keen interest by many research groups; however, our team has ...

Major advance made on DNA structure

.... In their studies, the OSU scientists used X-ray examination of crystalline DNA to reconstruct exactly what the DNA looks like at the atomic level. By determining 63 of the 64 possible DNA sequences, they were able to ultimately determine the physical structure of the underlying DNA for all different types of ...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...ng and animal research allows for an unprecedented examination of underlying mechanisms of damage. "Alcohol dependence follows a longitudinal course," explained Harper, "from initiation to development of dependence, maintenance, withdrawal, and more often than not, a return to drinking. Throughout this course, ...

Discovering an ecosystem beneath a collapsed Antarctic ice shelf

...ined from any subsequent studies could enhance the examination of subterranean water on Earth or the hypothesized ocean beneath the surface on the Jovian moon Europa. ...

Weight control protein may yield antiobesity drugs

...rimary risk factor for obesity, he added. Further examination found that the animals lacking SH2-B ate nearly twice as much as normal. Surprisingly, Rui said, the animals burned more calories; however, the animals still have a net positive energy imbalance of more than 60% higher than normal animals at 18?9 wee...

Tadpole soon to help in the fight against cancer and lymphedema

...omplex. Moreover, a study of mice only enables the examination of gene per gene, which complicates revealing the combined action between various genetic factors. For efficient research smaller model organisms are used, such as the zebrafish, which is popular in the study of the blood vessel system. But the zebra...

Locusts' built-in 'surface analysis' ability directs them to fly overland

...rth over southern Israel. This observation led to examination by scientists of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology and the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat to examine how the locusts were able to identify the gulf water and knew not to fly ov...

New technology shows our ancestors ate…everything!

...icroscopic scale. As anticipated from traditional examination of fossilized teeth, the tooth surfaces of P. robustus were more pitted and complex, while those of A. africanus were more scratched, with features often running in more uniform directions. However, according to Teaford, who along with researchers fr...

New antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax

...ls still healthy and happy," Patterson said. Upon examination of all the animals at the end of both experiments, scientists found no evidence of disease, with no or only trace amounts of anthrax residing in typical reservoirs for the bacteria, the lungs and spleen. Iverson cautions it's not yet clear that this...

New study to explore cellular circuitry

...east library" that allows for high-speed, systemic examination of the purpose of each protein in the yeast cell. Over the last four years, medical center researchers created a library of 6000 clones, or exact copies of the genes of the yeast cell, one clone for each known protein present in the cell. What ma...

Zebrafish may hold key to improved cancer research

...e variety of carcinogens and a complete histologic examination of all major organs, the first work of that type. In recent years collaboration has also been extensive with colleagues at the University of Oregon, where the federally funded Zebrafish International Resource Center archives, propagates and distribut...

Once-dreaded leprosy 'replaced' by tuberculosis, say researchers

...ughout Europe. Their conclusion is based upon the examination of DNA from human remains from the ancient and medieval periods in Israel and Europe. In these examinations, the scientists found traces of both leprosy and tuberculosis bacteria in 42 percent of the cases. The findings on the relationship between l...

New genetic test can detect clam disease

...am strains. Smolowitz uses traditional microscopic examination of tissues to determine if clams are sick. Gast's genetic test can now also be used to ensure clams without visible symptoms are not carrying the disease. With the disease spreading along the East Coast and no cure, the researchers say the best so...

Did feathered dinosaurs exist?

...einforced the dinosaur integument." Based on their examination of fossilized remains of dinosaurs with no relatio...and the origin of avian flight. From their careful examination of the available evidence they offer an interim attempt to define morphologically the most salient f...

Same-sex mating by fungi spawned infection outbreak, evidence suggests

...rent strain remains to be discovered." Additional examination of the mating type locus provided evidence that the major outbreak isolate may have resulted from same-sex mating, Heitman added. In a traditional sexual cycle, all alpha progeny inherit identical alpha genes from their alpha parent. However, the mat...

Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution

...no. Cavefish, therefore, are a rich source for the examination of the evolutionary process. In order to isolate genes' role in the evolutionary process, the researchers examined two distinct cave-dwelling fish populations. To provide a framework in which to study the genetics of this species, they made a micro...

NIH launches comprehensive effort to explore cancer genomics

...cer. These successful developments support further examination of the molecular origins of cancer to more quickly develop new tools to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer. In the TCGA Pilot Project, a Human Cancer Biospecimen Core Resource will support the collection, processing, and distribution of cancerous...

Genetic key to growth of new arteries is identified

...comments Sarkar. "This paper is a very fundamental examination of the mechanisms involved in gene regulation in the growth of arteries." The next research step, according to Sarkar, will be to carry out the same experiments in animal models of the various conditions known to cause vascular disease: cigarette smo...

Pittsburgh researchers discover that certain chemicals in the blood may indicate brain injury

...ecific symptoms such as vomiting, and the physical examination can be completely normal," said Dr. Berger, who also is an assistant professor of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. "As a result, misdiagnosis is common and can have catastrophic medical consequences." Dr. Berger added, ...

Avian influenza virus in mammals spreads beyond the site of infection to other organ systems

...dney, heart, brain, and lymph nodes. Furthermore, examination of infected tissues revealed cellular damage at sites containing viral proteins, providing an explanation for the increased severity of disease in humans. These data underscore the potential for influenza virus to spread not only from the respirator...

St. Jude projects 90 percent cure rate for ALL

...rely on the less-accurate technique of microscopic examination to determine which cells in a child's blood sample were leukemic. "MRD measurements help us to predict the ultimate response of each patient to treatment," Pui said. "That information helps us to determine how intensive the rest of the therapy shoul...

Intensive statin therapy may partially reverse plaque build-up in arteries

...ients had baseline intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination and received 40 mg daily of rosuvastatin (brand name Crestor®). IVUS provides a precise and reproducible method for determining the change in plaque, or atheroma, burden during treatment. Atherosclerosis progression was assessed at baseline and afte...

New analysis shows three human migrations out of Africa

...tionships among and within populations based on an examination of specific haplotypes, clusters of genes that are inherited as a unit. In 2002, Templeton analyzed ten different haplotype trees and performed phylogeographic analyses that reconstructed the history of the species through space and time. Three ...

New study reveals promising osteoporosis treatment

...upplement was 0.6% of the MD diet. The post-mortem examination of the femurs in the MD Mg/Zn/F-CaP group showed that even this small amount of Mg/Zn/F-CaP supplement substantially improved bone strength and thickness. More studies will be needed, ultimately using human trials to confirm the results. Dr. LeG...

Paleontologists learn how not to become a fossil

...dwell and their colleagues based their study on an examination of museum specimens, combing the scientific literature and conducting statistical analyses. They determined the fossil occurrence of all 1,282 major types living today, then assessed why 24 percent of them failed to become fossils. In some cases, key...

Are dancers genetically different than the rest of us? Yes, says Hebrew University researcher

...fferences. Ebstein and his colleagues found in an examination of 85 dancers and advanced dancing students in Israel variants of two genes that provide the code for the serotonin transporter and arginine vasopressin receptor 1a. Both genes are involved in the transmission of information between nerve cells. Th...

Study finds 60 new genes controlled by DNA snippet

...s In Miano's study, the regulatory sequence under examination was the CArG box. The nucleotide building blocks of DNA chains may contain any one of four nucleobases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Any sequence of code starting with 2 Cs, followed by any combination of 6 As or Ts, and en...

First link of oral bacteria and preterm birth found in human

... her amniotic fluid that she had an infection. An examination of the placenta, fetal lining and umbilical cord following the birth supported the infection. Han's tests of the amniotic fluid found the Bergeyella bacteria. This study continues Han's research into the suspicion that oral bacteria, once entering ...

Prenatal nicotine exposure reduces breathing response of newborns...

... her amniotic fluid that she had an infection. An examination of the placenta, fetal lining and umbilical cord following the birth supported the infection. Han's tests of the amniotic fluid found the Bergeyella bacteria. This study continues Han's research into the suspicion that oral bacteria, once entering ...

New fruit fly protein illuminates circadian response to light

...des a member of the F-box protein family. A closer examination of the protein produced by the mutated sequence led researchers to JET, a new protein within the F-box protein family. "Since the degradation of TIM always happens in the presence of light, the animal associates the absence of TIM with daytime hours...

DOE JGI releases IMG 1.5 with curated archaeal genomes

...nal genomes from the public domain, and allows the examination of gene model changes by comparing each curated gene model with the original. IMG 1.5 extensions include the addition of IMG terms (which are curated protein products) and IMG pathways to characterize genes. Also, users are now able to enter thei...

Many cleaners, air fresheners may pose health risks when used indoors

...cals known as ethylene-based glycol ethers; and an examination of the chemistry that occurs when such products are used indoors ?in particular, products that contain a reactive group of chemicals called terpenes. Ethylene-based glycol ethers are common, water-soluble solvents used in a variety of cleaning agent...

Sandia work launched on space shuttle shows live cells influence growth of nanostructures

... The cells already have emerged still viable after examination in electron microscopes and after X-ray exposure in Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source, where the accelerating voltage ranges from one to 20 keV, says Brinker. Genetic modification done cheap It is noteworthy that the entrapped ...

'Signature' of chromosome instability predicts cancer outcomes

Microscopic examination of tumor specimens cannot always predict a cancer's aggressiveness, leading to increased interest in molecular approaches to diagnosis. Now, researchers in the Children's Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP) at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Scien...

Novel therapy combinations gain ground in treating hepatitis

...tly from large APAP overdoses. Results from the examination showed that nine of the 72 patients (12.5 percent) had detectable APAP adducts in their blood, signifying that some of their liver damage was APAP-related. All 10 known APAP-induced ALF cases had positive adducts at much higher levels than those in ...

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...er tumors than their control littermates. Further examination of tumors taken from the mutant mice suggested that the defect stemmed from an increase in cell proliferation rather than cell survival. Isolated CYLD-deficient skin cells, when treated with the tumor-inducing chemicals, began to proliferate due to a...

Record air pollution above the Arctic

...ars". Moreover, the scientists expect the detailed examination of the origin and chemical composition of the aerosols to yield further understanding for the current observations. ...

Radiologists attempt to solve mystery of Tut's demise

...s, or even damage incurred during that first x-ray examination may explain the misplaced—and misleading—bone frag...believers in the Curse of the Pharaohs." The CT examination of King Tut is part of a five-year initiative called the Egyptian Mummy Project to image and preserv...

Malaria vaccine prompts victims' immune system to eliminate parasite from mosquitoes

... clotting factors have been removed.) Microscopic examination of the mosquito digestive tracts revealed that the antibodies were capable of completely eliminating the ookinettes. The study authors noted that Psv25H, a molecule similar to Pfs25, is found on the surface of ookinettes of another species of Plasm...

Highly concentrated botulinum preparation for cosmetic injections can result in severe illness

An examination of 4 cases of botulism following cosmetic injections to the face indicates that the adults received a highly concentrated, unlicensed preparation that resulted in toxin levels up to 40 times the estimated human lethal dose, according to a report in t...

Researchers give name to ancient mystery creature

...diversification of small mammals. Based on careful examination of tooth and jaw fragments that have been unearthed over the past 30 years, the University of Alberta researchers have now determined Horolodectes was a small fur-bearing animal that measured 10 centimetres in length and due to its powerful jaws, lik...

High HPV concentrations combined with smoking significantly raise risks of cervical cancer

...the disease. The researchers looked at "Pap" smear examination data from 105,760 Swedish women and identified 499 women with cervical cancer in situ, along with 499 cancer-free women as controls. For these women, they compared their smoking behavior with concentrations (known as viral load) of HPV-16, the viral...

Exposure to dioxins influences male reproductive system, study of Vietnam veterans concludes

...ent physical examinations and lab tests during six examination cycles. The first cycle was conducted in 1982, so the veterans were followed for more than 20 years. "We found that the risk of developing BPH decreased with increasing exposure to dioxins in the comparison group," said Dr. Arnold Schecter, profes...

Quantum dots reviewed -- Could these nanoparticles hold the cure to cancer?

...ion and treatment, the review includes a detailed examination of Quantum Dot advantages, their synthesis, properties and applications, toxic effects, use in imaging and analysis plus Quantum Dot drug delivery systems. The paper also outlines some early success in the detection and treatment of breast cancer....

Human stem cells delay start of Lou Gehrig's disease in rats

...owly than those injected with dead cells. Close examination of the transplanted cells also revealed that more than 70 percent of them developed into nerve cells, and many of those grew new endings connecting to other cells in the rat's spinal cord. "These stem cells differentiate massively into neurons," s...

Study illuminates how the plague bacteria causes disease

...gesting that the domain acted as a mimic. Further examination confirmed the domain to be a mimic of mammalian "guanidine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor" (GDI) proteins with a critical role in the bacteria's ability to disrupt cell structure. The domain paralyzes cells by acting as an "off-switch" for host pr...

Cells selectively absorb short nanotubes

... one-third of the SWCNTs in the solutions. Further examination of the results revealed that only short nanotubes made it into the cellular interior. In the next phase of the research, the team exposed the cells to sorted nanotubes of controlled length. They found that tubes longer than about 200 nanometers we...