epithelium

Study of genomic DNA leads to new advances in cancer diagnostics

...rmal melanocytes and melanoma cells, normal breast epithelium and breast carcinoma cells, and normal fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells) and diagnostic biopsy samples. Will these methods help clinicians in diagnosing cancer? Because the investigators utilized several practical methods in their study, potential...

Research Using Mouse Models Reveals A Novel Key Player In The Initiation Of Colon Cancer

...ar accumulation of the beta-catenin protein in the epithelium layer, yet they do not get cancers. However, combi...yer of the colon leads to altered signaling to the epithelium layer and results in increased cell proliferation and turnover of this layer. In people with a genet...

Asthma gene clusters identified

..."GeneChip" analysis of RNA isolated from the nasal epithelium of children who have an acute case of asthma or asthma stabilized with medication. The analysis revealed two distinct gene expression profiles in these groups of children, according to Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, MD, PhD, director of the Center for Tr...

Hirsute Or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell The Difference

...thways from two adjacent embryonic cell layers—the epithelium and the mesenchyme—direct morphogenesis. The mesenchymal cells initiate the cell-to-cell “crosstalk?that controls bud formation by first directing a small cluster of epithelial cells to form a placode, the pouch that forms hair plugs. The placode in ...

Human Eggs Can Develop From Ovarian Surface Cells In Vitro

...may develop directly from cultured ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells derived from adult human ovaries. Oocytes derived from the culture of OSE cells developed in vitro into mature eggs suitable for fertilization and development into an embryo. These findings, published today in the Open Access journal Repr...

Scientists focus on 'dwarf eye'

...n is located on the surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is located beneath the retina and helps maintain photoreceptors, the eye's light-detecting cells. Blindness occurs when these cells die after detachment of the retina from the RPE. Beneath the RPE are two layers of structural tissue tha...

New study examines how sense of smell affects mating and aggression in mice

...e require intact functioning of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) in order to detect pheromones that elicit sexual behavior and fighting. The MOE covers the olfactory region of the nasal cavity and contains sensory neurons that recognize odors and transmit this information to the brain. The study is importan...

Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction

...mine whether sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium and the VNO were connected to neurons in the brain...projection to LHRH neurons from the main olfactory epithelium and the structures that comprise the primary olfactory complex," said Dulac. "This major route was n...

The brain is broadly wired for reproduction

...mone receptor from either the VNO or the olfactory epithelium causing a devastating loss of pheromone detection." The studies showed that the odor of clean bedding also activated some neurons upstream of GnRH neurons. "This suggests that the animal's environment could also influence GnRH neurons, perhaps signa...

Stowers scientists demonstrate mechanism of vertebral formation

...s which are known to control the transition of the epithelium to a mesenchyme state have been actively studied in cancer, where they are thought to play a role in controling tumor invasion. Understanding their function in embryonic development may provide insight into their dysfunction in cancer. Additional c...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

...cterize the miRNA expression pattern in intestinal epithelium purified from normal colon tissue. This epithelial inner lining of the colon contains about 50 million test-tube shaped crypts that line the colon. Colon cancer arises in these crypts, and researchers believe that the cells of origin are the 10-20 i...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

...cterize the miRNA expression pattern in intestinal epithelium purified from normal colon tissue. This epithelial inner lining of the colon contains about 50 million test-tube shaped crypts that line the colon. Colon cancer arises in these crypts, and researchers believe that the cells of origin are the 10-20 i...

Scientists discover why cornea is transparent and free of blood vessels, allowing vision

...re already aware from clinical experience that the epithelium most likely played a role in suppressing blood ves...veloped blood vessels, implicating the role of the epithelium in suppressing blood vessel growth To further prove their theory, they added a VEGFR-3 substitute ...

Promising cell protein may play role in infection and dry eye

... a different expression of the protein between the epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva cells," says Massaro-Giordano, an assistant professor of ophthalmology, cataract and refractive surgery at Scheie. "This may help us understand the molecular mechanisms that dictate the different expression profiles of P...

Bone marrow may restore cells lost in vision diseases

...to injury or disease. "In people, retinal pigment epithelium can become damaged with age," said Jeffrey Harris, a graduate student in the department of molecular cell biology in UF's College of Medicine and first author of the paper. "Factors like smoking and diet also come into play. The problem is without th...

Plant-derived molecules, genetic manipulation point to future chemoprevention methods

...ince IGF-1 inhibits apoptosis and stimulates colon epithelium proliferation, we hypothesized that reducing, if not eliminating, its function could prove an effective deterrent against colon cancer growth. This small pilot study will need more follow-ups to verify our findings that reductions in IGF-1 may preven...

Embryonic patterning makes the feathers fly

...yer was the major target of FGF/MAPK activity, the epithelium or the mesenchyme" The researchers grew skin explants in an environmental chamber that enabled them to continually observe cell movements and track individual cells using fluorescent markers. The results were recorded in real time by time-lapse video...

Researchers discover new details about HIV-1 entry and infection

...he isolated preparation of intact, viable, vaginal epithelium permitted examination of immune cells that normally migrate out of the vaginal epithelium into deeper tissues shortly after exposure to HIV-1. The researchers found that HIV-1 simultaneou...

Scientists find new genes for Crohn's disease

...ggests that neuroendocrine cells of the intestinal epithelium have a key role to play in Crohn's. In addition, the identification of the NCF4 gene indicates that the production of altered reactive oxygen species, which are important in the generation of a protective response against microbes, may lead to an inc...

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff

...nly about 1 percent the size of the main olfactory epithelium and isn't shared by all mammals. Mice, for example...that 50 percent of the cells in the main olfactory epithelium are sensitive to physical stimuli, suggesting that mechanosensitivity of the olfactory sensory neuro...

Genetic pathways to curable and incurable forms of pancreatic cancer identified

...stinct class of precancerous lesions in the ductal epithelium called mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN). This initiates a process that results in the rarer but far less deadly cystic pancreatic cancer. MCN lesions often are large enough to be detected early by MRI or CT scan and also to cause symptoms. The cell...