Endoplasmic in Biological News

Visualizing virus replication in three dimensions

... Dengue viruses reproduce in what is known as the endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane network interconnected with ... that viral RNA is replicated in vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum and is secreted through tiny pores. We ... into pre-stages of viruses and then penetrate the endoplasmic reticulum a second time. There they are enveloped ...

MSU scientists find new gene that helps plants beat the heat

... that bZIP28 was responding to signals from the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the first time the ER has ... play a role in how plants respond to heat. The endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane in the cell that consists ... plants. "The bZIP28 protein is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum, away from its place of action," ...

Legionnaire's bacterial proteins work together to survive

... to a nutrient-rich organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum, where the bacteria replicate in high ... function. This allows the Legionella to fuse the endoplasmic reticulum and the vacuole, creating a compartment ... once the bacteria have successfully entered the endoplasmic reticulum. In other words, Roy said, you can ...

Botched production of insulin molecule may lead to diabetes

... in the very first stages of production within the endoplasmic reticulum, the area of the cell where proteins ... fluorescent proinsulin getting stuck in the endoplasmic reticulum, so it could not move along normal ... in the same cells. This protein mess in the endoplasmic reticulum directly inhibits insulin production in ...

Little-known protein found to be key player

... The tests showed that cells with extra atlastin had an overdeveloped endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a system of interconnected membrane tubes and chambers ... ER. Flies with defective atlastin were sterile and short-lived. "The endoplasmic reticulum is an ever-changing environment," McNew said. "It grows. It ...

'Deranged calcium signaling' contributes to neurological disorder, UT Southwestern researchers find

... a channel in the membrane of a sequestered chamber inside cells called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER. The channel then releases calcium into the cell as a ... The researchers now are studying whether blocking calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum also can improve function in mouse models of Huntington's and ...

Story ideas from the Journal of Lipid Research

... organelles in obese fat cells is a maze-like compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that makes proteins and lipid droplets and senses the ... the future, the scientists conclude. Article: Adipocyte stress: the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolic disease , by Margaret F. Gregor and Gokhan S. ...

The battle for CRTC2: How obesity increases the risk for diabetes

... ER stress in obesity leads to abnormal activation of the fasting switch that normally controls glucose production in the liver." The ER, short for endoplasmic reticulum, is a protein factory within the cell. To test this hypothesis the Salk team asked whether ER stress can induce gluconeogenesis in lean ...

Tailor-made recombinant proteins in mammals

... and was just waiting for us to take advantage of," Bertozzi says. "It's called the formylglycine generating enzyme, or FGE, and it resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, a part of the eukaryotic cell that participates in protein secretion." In nature, FGE is part of the cell's machinery for regulating ...

How Toxoplasma gondii gets noticed

... as cross-presentation. They find that the parasite gets noticed by the immune system when the membrane of the bug-containing vesicle fuses to the endoplasmic reticuluman organelle normally involved in presenting pathogens to T cellsallowing a swap of parasitic peptides. ...

Researchers discover cell's 'quality control' mechanism

... Thomas and Dr. Gregor Jansen at McGill University in Montreal, have discovered the important role played by an enzyme called ERdj5 inside the cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER acts as a sort of packaging plant that folds and prepares proteins for distribution inside or outside the cell. But when ...

Genetics of ALS progression

... of ALS. The researchers characterized a molecular pathway by which mutated SOD1 contributes to the accumulation of malformed proteins inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment of motor neuron cells. Beyond a certain threshold, this ER stress induces cell death. Interestingly, Dr. Ichijos team ...

RING finger protein 5 may guide treatment for muscle disease in older adults

... avenue for future diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for this disease. In muscles, proteins are continuously made and broken down by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a protein factory in the cell. To assure that proteins produced pass quality control, a set of ER-based inspectors identify and ...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

... place ?a structure inside cells called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER. "Our results support the direct role of the endoplasmic reticulum as an important gatekeeper of tumor ... the October issue of Nature Cell Biology. The endoplasmic reticulum is the cell's protein production ...

Parkinson's disease mechanism discovered

... that transports proteins between two major cellular organelles -- the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein production, and the Golgi apparatus is ...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

... pathways involved in the production of new proteins in the cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The process begins with chains of amino acids, which are ... "This is the first indication that a sensor for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum can also signal the nucleus to regulate gene rearrangements ...

Researchers Uncover Key Step In Manufacture of Memory Protein

... Dr. Loh explained that, like other proteins, proBDNF is made inside the endoplasmic reticulum, a convoluted network of tubes and channels inside the cell. The proBDNF winds through the endoplasmic reticulum until it reaches another structure within the cell, the golgi ...

Researchers shed light on mechanism of action used by anti-cancer drug

... remained largely unknown. In the present work, Grant and his team found that in human leukemia cells, sorafenib induces a process known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which results from accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. The ER is a subcellular structure which plays a key role in ...

Aspirin discovery may improve cancer treatments

... conditions of cellular stress, eIF2Ą is phosphorylated by a group of proteins called stress-activated kinases. One of these is protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). The research showed that salicylates caused an early increase in the phosphorylation of eIF2Ą in normal mouse cells, ...

Vaccine-producing 'plant-factories'

... This focus gave rise to finding a new route of traffic between the reticulum and the chloroplast. Up to now it has been argued that the endoplasmic reticulum was connected to other parts of the cell such as the Golgi apparatus and the plasmatic membrane, etcetera, but not to the ...

Cellular traffic backups implicated in skeletal malformations

... shortened body. The pathway affected by the crusher mutation is key to transporting proteins outside of the cell. All proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a labyrinthine compartment just outside the cell's nucleus. Proteins are then "packaged" into transport containers called vesicles, ...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

... online and to appear in print on June 9, showed that calpain promoted programmed cell death after cells were damaged by chemicals that disrupt the endoplasmic reticulum, which is a major synthetic structure in the cell that controls the synthesis and distribution of new proteins. In the second study, ...

New understanding of parasite cell structures may provide treatments for serious tropical diseases

... humans. The scientists discovered that proteins can move from a glycosome, an important energy-generating organelle in a trypanosome, to the endoplasmic reticulum where GPIs are made, in response to cell stress. The human equivalent of a glycosome is a peroxisome, whose malfunction is associated ...

The molecular post office inside the cell

... The SRP binds to the ribosome and directs it, together with the SRP receptor, to what is called the "translocon complex" in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The translocon complex is made of a "protein conducting channel" and other membrane proteins. The ribosome is anchored at the translocon ...

A catalogue of proteins

... unit basic to all life. Now, they are clarifying its structures in detail: from mitochondria, the "factories" of cells, which create energy; to the endoplasmic reticulum, necessary for protein synthesis and metabolic processes; to the Golgi apparatus, responsible for lipid synthesis and producing important ...

Lack of a key enzyme dramatically increases resistance to sepsis

... mouse models had similar levels of stress-induced apoptosis or programmed cell death. While caspase-12 was previously thought to be a key mediator of endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis, the new study found that the presence or absence of caspase-12 had no effect on apoptotic sensitivity whatsoever. Others ...

Hopkins scientists uncover 'tags' that force proteins to cell surface

... and proteins are assembled in a nearby "factory" in the cell. Also, scientists have long known that proteins prefer to stay put in this factory, the endoplasmic reticulum, unless they contain specific transportation instructions, much like an internal shipping label. To figure out what tiny sequences might ...

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

... he says. Subsequent research led by Lairmore showed that the p12 protein travels to the network of membranes within the cell known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Among other things, the RER helps regulate the amount of calcium in the cell. The investigators found that the p12 protein allows ...

Genome of deadly amoeba shows surprising complexity, evidence of lateral gene transfer

... the time that bacterial lineages diverged from eukaryotic lineages ?because the amoeba lacked many of the visible traits of eukaryotic cells (such as endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and mitochondria) and also shared some bacteria-like traits. While the Nature study catalogs a reduced genome ...