double

It's not all genetic: Common epigenetic problem doubles cancer risk in mice

...tes, Sweden and Japan has discovered that having a double dose of one protein is sufficient to change the no...umor there. Roughly 10 percent of people have this double protein dose as well. In the Feb. 24 online version of Science, the researchers report that mice en...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...e researchers conducted a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study among 20 HIV-infected women to assess the antiviral activity of PRO 2000 in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid collected before and one hour after administration of a single intravaginal dose of PRO 2000 gel or a matche...

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...production coupled with resistance to insulin -- a double whammy." Other researchers involved in the Joslin study included co-authors Jose C. Jimenez-Chillaron, Ph.D., Marcelino Hernandez-Valencia, M.D.; also Carolyn Reamer, Simon Fisher, M.D., Ph.D., Allison Joszi, Ph.D., Michael Hirshman, Aysin Oge, M.D....

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...ale fish farming in wild salmon habits. "There's a double bottom line here. The full ecological costs of industrial scale salmon farming must be quantified as well as the economic ones," says Volpe. "For the migratory runs we studied, there may be very little time left." ...

Color-blind method opens new doors in DNA sequencing

...such a way that A binds T and G binds C, forming a double helical structure. Each person's genome consists of a unique ordering of some 3 billion base pairs, and 'DNA sequencing' refers to the process scientists use to read out the order of those nucleotides. In sequencing, scientists first extract DNA fro...

Papers of DNA Pioneer and Nobel Laureate Francis Crick Added to National Library of Medicine’s Profiles in Science Web Site

... Web site. Don't miss Crick's sketch of the DNA double helix . This latest collection on Profiles in Sc...04) is inextricably linked to the discovery of the double helix of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1953, considered the most significant advance in biology sin...

Self-assembled nano-sized probes allow Penn researchers to see tumors through flesh and skin

...g cells. Whereas cell membranes are created from a double layer of fatty phospholipid chains, a polymersome is comprised of two layers of synthetic co-polymers. Like a living cell, the polymersome membrane has a hydrophobic core. The study shows that the fluorophores evenly disperse within this core, giving...

Researchers find new genes necessary to make embryo

...ying the function of genes, the researchers almost double previous estimates of how many genes are required to make an embryo. Their study focused on the genes expressed by the mother and imparted to the egg, ready to be used during the earliest stages after fertilization. They discovered over 150 additiona...

Growth in biomass could put US on road to energy independence

...le biomass consumption by electric utilities would double every 10 years through 2030. During the same time, production of chemicals and materials from bio-based products would increase from about 12.5 billion pounds, or 5 percent of the current production of target U.S. chemical commodities in 2001, to 12 ...

Human Cells Filmed Instantly Messaging for First Time

...le biomass consumption by electric utilities would double every 10 years through 2030. During the same time, production of chemicals and materials from bio-based products would increase from about 12.5 billion pounds, or 5 percent of the current production of target U.S. chemical commodities in 2001, to 12 ...

Youth With HIV Take More Risks After New Meds Introduced

...ee months. On average, post-HAART youth had nearly double the sexual partners as pre-HAART youth. Post-HAART youth were also more likely to have had a sexual partner who used injection drugs. The post-HAART group also knew their HIV diagnosis at a younger age and were in worse health than the pre-HAART gro...

NYU and MSKCC research provides model for understanding chemically induced cancer initiation

...ternal binding site in the minor groove of the DNA double helix. However, in the presence of this single met...e is sandwiched between adjacent base pairs in the double helix. "Such conformational differences in methylated and unmethylated DNA sequences may be signifi...

Oceans more vulnerable to agricultural runoff than previously thought, study finds

... nitrogen pollution, and their use is predicted to double or triple over the next 50 years." ...

Measuring Enzymes At End Of Cancer Pathway Predicts Outcome Of Tarceva, Taxol

... on whether CDK2 activity was repressed. They then double checked those findings by "putting CDK2 back," Ueno says. "We found that the effects of Tarceva were reduced when CDK2 was given back to the cells, so this shows us that CDK2 is the real target of Tarceva. "This presents a concept that describes how...

Doing a spin with DNA

...th strands wind around each other in the form of a double helix with the base pairs acting as the 'stairs' in a staircase. The sequence of these base pairs stores genetic information. During cell division genetic material is copied and the enzymes responsible for this must be able to transcribe the base seq...

Newest HIV drugs should be used with FUZEON(R)

... in their viral load and furthermore they also had double the increase in immune cell count1, compared to pa... 2 studies, where adding FUZEON was seen to almost double the number of patients reaching undetectable, when combined with one of the latest boosted PIs such ...

Caloric restriction won't dramatically extend life span in humans: UCLA research

...cally longer lives for them. "You can practically double their life span," Phelan said. "The same result has been found in fish, spiders and many other species. If it works for them, some thought, it should work for us; I'm here to tell you it doesn't." Phelan, co-author of the book, "Mean Genes," conduct...

Fluorescing lab worms signal longer life spans

...ng that mutating a single gene in roundworms could double their life span -- the first evidence that the lifespan of an animal could be increased by genetic alteration. Since then, researchers around the world have been tinkering with proteins and genes of C. elegans in attempts to understand more about how...

Wild grasses and man-made wheats advance research capabilities

...1 percent a year in grain yield," he said. "Can we double our genetic gain by doubling our variability?" CIMMYT predicted that within a few years, more than one-half of its advance lines of wheat will trace back to a synthetic wheat. And that's from a project started less than 20 years ago, in a world wher...

Analysis of flower genes reveals the fate of an ancient gene duplication

...these genes are mutated, the plants form so-called double flowers, in which petals and sepals replace stamens and carpels. AG and PLE are very closely related genes, and they clearly have nearly identical function, suggesting that they are derived from the same single gene inherited from a common ancestor....

Why do aneurysms form? New studies suggest leading role for white blood cells

...eurysms that made the diameter of the blood vessel double or even quadruple. In an accompanying editorial, Columbia University surgeon M. David Tilson, M.D., notes that the studies bring research on AAA formation and the role of the neutrophil to a new level and may lead to further discoveries that help so...

Clearing jams in copy machinery

...ped beta sliding clamp works its way along the DNA double helix, a network of proteins work together to unwind the two strands. Polymerases then add, in assembly line fashion, nucleotide bases -- the building blocks that make up DNA -- to convert the now-single-stranded templates into two new duplex DNA mo...

Stressed cells spark DNA repair missteps and speed evolution

...s with the way that the cell repairs breaks in the double strands of DNA that are its genetic blue print. Usually, when this happens, special protein machinery in the cell copies the missing DNA from another chromosome and rejoins the broken ends around the newly synthesized genetic material. "It fixes th...

Environmental lessons from tsunami as world's coastal population doubles

...itable as the world's coastal population is set to double by 2030 and global warming continues to exacerbate extreme weather conditions. The research team from Australia, US, Sweden and UK, led by Dr Neil Adger of the University of East Anglia, is calling for action that builds on the existing resilience o...

North & South American researchers find architectural abnormalities in T. cruzi ribosome

...he parasite's ribosome. A ribosome is basically a double ball made mostly of RNA and over 50 proteins. The balls, which are of unequal size, are called small and large subunits. After a string of messenger RNA (mRNA) copies the information encoded on a gene, it enters a sea of ribosomes, where that genetic...

Discarded placentas deliver researchers promising cells similar to embryonic stem cells

...ication as do embryonic stem cells, they still can double in population size about 20 times over without needing another cell type serving as a feeder cell layer. This is significant, because to replicate, the currently available embryonic stem cell lines require a bed of mouse cells, traces of which can en...

'License to kill' enables powerful immune attack cells in mice

...he process feature a player who is comparable to a double agent. Scientists have known for some time that natural killer cells have inhibitory receptors on their surfaces. The natural killer cells' ability to attack is inhibited when these receptors encounter a molecule known as major hiscompatibility comp...

DNA size a crucial factor in genetic mutations, study finds

...of life, comes in two parallel strands that form a double helix. It's like a long, twisted ladder where each rung consists of two molecules that form a base pair. DNA has four bases: adenosine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). A always pairs with T, and G with C. To copy itself, the DNA molecu...

Independent researchers confirm the existence of ivory-billed woodpecker

...f the University of Kansas, "The recordings of the double raps sound very natural, and are totally consistent with the behavior or the Central and South American relatives of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker." These recordings provide the first evidence of the existence of more than one individual Ivory-bill. C...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...arbon bond. "It turned out that our first bet, a double or triple carbon-carbon bond, placed next to the transferable carbon unit, helped to alleviate the problems that had plagued the reaction in previous studies," Klimasauskas said. He likened the chemical reaction to a mechanical spring, explaining tha...

Oil spills and climate change double the mortality rate of British seabirds

...ld, shows for the first time that major oil spills double the mortality rate of adult guillemots in Britain, even though the pollution occurs hundreds of miles from the birds' breeding grounds. The research, which is to be published in the November issue of Ecology Letters also shows a direct link between a...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

... and Japan reported that mice engineered to have a double dose of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) had more primitive precursor cells in the lining of the colon than normal mice. When these mice also carried a colon-cancer-causing genetic mutation, they developed twice as many tumors as mice with normal ...

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

... few altered nucleotides in a single strand of the double helix, to breaks in one or both strands and crosslinks between the two strands. To prevent accumulation of mutations and the production of altered proteins, cells deploy an arsenal of repair mechanisms to excise and replace defective nucleotides, rec...

Overfishing may drive endangered seabird to rely upon lower quality food

...he said. "But it's possible that they're getting a double whammy. Not only are they losing their nesting habitat, they're also experiencing a degraded prey environment." The researchers pointed out that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has recently decided to start the process to remove the marbled murre...

The secret love life of plants

... the central cell, where the endosperm grows. This double fertilisation is what is special to all flowering ...ary for normal growth of an endosperm. Because the double fertilisation process can be genetically dissected, the existence of this mutant offers new possibil...

A salty tale: New bacterial genome sequenced from ancient salterns

...his environment. Alternatively, Mongodin says, the double system may be redundant, a kind of biological back-up. Because S. ruber grows in high salt, its enzymes are strikingly stable. And that means the bacterium may hold promise for industrial applications. Meanwhile, TIGR's collaborators are pursuing s...

'Accelerated evolution' converts RNA enzyme to DNA enzyme in vitro

... it relies on the one-to-one correspondence of the double helix pairing, transferring catalytic function is ...aureate who, along with James Watson uncovered the double helix structure of DNA, articulated in 1970, all known organisms operate according to the central do...

Climate change: The rice genome to the rescue

...demand for rice in the region ?yields will have to double over the next 50 years. Research has confirmed that global warming will make rice crops less productive with increasing temperatures decreasing yields. "Clearly, climate change is going to have a major impact on our ability to grow rice," Robert S. ...

Detection of DNA on nanotubes offers new sensing, sequencing technologies

...echnologies." In its natural state, DNA is in the double stranded form, consisting of two complementary strands, each resembling the side of a ladder and having a specific sequence of nucleotide bases as rungs. Hybridization refers to the spontaneous binding of two complementary strands through base pair m...

World faces challenge as life expectancies lengthen, scientist says

...By 2035, the U.S. dependency ratio is projected to double from approximately 1:5 to just above 2:5. Increased boomer lifespans will add an alarming extra weight to an already sagging system. Factoring in increased lifespans, Tuljapurkar calculated that current forecasts for dependency ratios could fall shor...

For one Stanford doctor, the beat goes on during open-heart surgery

...ll during bypass as men," Ihnken said. "Women have double the mortality rates following bypass." Besides his own positive experiences with the technique, Ihnken points to a recent report in the new journal Innovations, which presents an analysis by an international group of doctors of more than 150 previou...

Novel molecular 'signature' marks DNA of embryonic stem cells

... surrounds DNA ?acts not only as a support for the double helix but also as a kind of gene "gatekeeper." It accomplishes the latter task by selecting which genes to make active or inactive in a cell, based on the nearby chemical tags joined to its backbone. By examining the chromatin in mouse ES cells acros...

Stem cell study for patients with heart attack damage seeks to regenerate heart muscle

...grate to the area of injury. The Phase I study is double blind; two thirds of the participants receive the stem cells and one-third receive a placebo. To be eligible for the trial, patients must have experienced a first heart attack within the past seven days, and are between 21 and 85 years old. Patients...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

... to manifestly violent behavior, a kind of genetic double jeopardy." ...

UC San Diego partners with Venter Institute to build marine microbial genomics cyberinfrastructure

...er assembled. Sorcerer II is expected to more than double the number of protein sequences currently available in the National Institutes of Health's GenBank. The metagenomics database will include new sequences, genes and gene families, together with their annotations and associated environmental metadata. ...

Tool developed to silence genes in specific tissues using RNAi

...identify viral RNA, which often enters a cell as a double strand. The organism's own RNA, however, leaves th... work of the cell. RNAi, therefore, recognizes the double strand of viral RNA as different, and sets in motion cell machinery that destroys the invading RNA. ...

'Genetic network' guards against lethal DNA damage

...roarray) to look at the effects of 5,000 different double mutations on cell fitness in a single experiment. With this technology, only 5,000 tests would be required to map the 25 million pair-wise combinations, greatly speeding the work. The dSLAM strategy is somewhat like pulling out parts of a radio at r...

Novel virus entry mechanism could lead to new drugs against poxviruses

...o enter the cell. As well as discovering how the double membrane problem is solved, the researchers demonstrated that polyionic compounds can be used to treat poxvirus infections, even days after infection has started. Disrupting the outer membrane with polyanionic compounds exposes the virus, allowing an...

For the first time: Longevity modulated without disrupting life-sustaining function

...eap the benefit of increased stress resistance and double their lifespan from an average of 20 to 40 days. Except the worms trade a trim life focused on reproduction for a long life with fewer progeny and a tendency to halt larval development and enter a dormant, hibernation-like stage in which they can han...

Genetically engineered mosquitoes show resistance to dengue fever virus

...ingle strand of RNA, but acts like scissors on the double strand, chopping it up and rendering its genetic material useless. Once this process is started, the single-stranded RNA also becomes vulnerable to dicer-2 and is cut up, thereby preventing further virus replication. On its own, this process of self...

Nano-particles effective in killing cancer with one-two punch of chemotherapeutics

...s often used for drug-delivery) are created from a double layer of fatty molecules called phospholipids, a polymersome is comprised of two layers of synthetic polymers. The individual polymers are degradable and considerably larger than individual phospholipids but have many of the same chemical features. ...

Healing honey: The sweet evidence revealed

... trials may not have been double-blind. Of course, double blind testing would be difficult to achieve because honey is a very recognizable substance. Molan concludes, "the barrier to using honey that has existed for many clinicians who have been constrained to using only licensed products has been removed...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...unwind or separate the strands of the nucleic acid double helix, an action that is critical to transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER), as well as other cell processes. "XPB was initially identified as the gene responsible for NER defects in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, who are hypersensitiv...

Record bonefish

...t movement by a bonefish and measured at more than double the previous distance record. Since 1998, the Bon... of 186 miles." This distance record is more than double the previous one of 75 miles (Key Largo to Big Pine Key). It also suggests that bonefish can migrat...

Scientists uncover rules for gene amplification

...es that govern whether an amplification event is a double minute or a homogenously-staining region. It's kn...t a particular type of DNA break, a hairpin-capped double strand break, induced by these palindromic sequences, is a precursor to amplification. "We have a d...

Mosquito spray increases toxicity of pyrethroids in creek, study finds

... of PBO from the mosquito spray was high enough to double the toxicity of pyrethroids already present - primarily bifenthrin, one of the more toxic chemicals of the group. PBO, when in a pesticide product, can increase pyrethroid toxicity tenfold or more, but to see even a doubling of toxicity due to PBO in...

DNA: Bacteria's survival ration

...just a little longer than their counterparts get a double reward: the competition for food lessens, and the supply of nutrients increases. "The bacteria actually eat the DNA, and not only that, they can use the DNA as their sole source of nutrition," Finkel said. In hindsight, it should come as no surpris...

Newly identified protein complex sheds light on axon growth mechanism

...the nervous system, UNC-76. Through experiments on double mutant combinations, the authors show that the two proteins cooperate to regulate axon development. The authors also show that UNC-69 is needed for the formation or maintenance of new synapses. It is known that UNC-76 binds to molecular 'motor' prot...

Many cleaners, air fresheners may pose health risks when used indoors

...ke in about 80 micrograms per day of formaldehyde, double the guideline value set by California's Proposition 65. In addition, the person's intake of fine particulate matter during the hours spent cleaning would exceed the average federal guideline level for an entire year. These quantities are in addition ...

Research reveals control of potent immune regulator

...ach instance, these regulatory cytokines deliver a double whammy," Caligiuri says. "They turn on what is needed and turn off anything that interferes with it." ...