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Bioartificial kidney under study at MCG

...ation and clear and metabolize cytokines that help direct the immune system. The new device for kidney failure adds billions of kidney cells that can perform many of these important kidney functions. Human proximal tubule cells are collected from kidneys obtained by the National Disease Research Interchang...

UCSB scientists probe sea floor venting to gain understanding of early life on Earth

...he earliest life here and perhaps elsewhere." The direct linkages between life and planetary processes on the volcanically active, deep-sea, mid-ocean ridge system can only be understood through tightly integrated studies across a broad range of disciplines in geophysics, geology, chemistry, biology, and o...

Enzyme, lost in most mammals, is shown to protect against UV-induced skin cancer

..., can only repair these lesionsthrough a much less direct and elaborate process called nucleotideexcision repair.In the new work, Dr. Bert van der Horst and colleagues studied theeffects of CPD and 6-4PP lesions by providing mice with transgenesencoding CPD and 6-4PP photolyase enzymes.Although mice do not ...

Novel technology detects human DNA mutations

...otide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, which is the direct detection of a particular gene and the extent to which it is normal or mutated. The technology, reported in the February 2005 (Volume 33, Number 2), issue of Nucleic Acids Research, allows detection of a SNP in an unknown genotype with a greater than...

Controversial drug shown to act on brain protein to cut alcohol use

... decrease alcohol craving in the rats, suggestinga direct link between Ibogaine's desirable actions and GDNF."If we can alter the GDNF pathway, we may well have a new treatmentagainst alcohol and drug addiction without the unwanted side effects ofIbogaine," Ron said.Colleagues in the research and coauthors ...

The secret to longevity in tubeworms

...eit one with much to support it--that still awaits direct confirmation. By providing a model in which this hypothetical interaction provides real benefits and explains real observations, the authors hope to stimulate further research into the biology of the enigmatic and beautiful L. luymesi. ### Citation...

Study Links Ebola Outbreaks To Animal Carcasses

...2001 and 2003 produced positive results, and found direct links between the deadly disease in animal populations and humans. "This research proves that hunting and consumption of great apes represent a serious health risk for people in Central Africa, and a risk that can be avoided," said Dr. William Kares...

U-M scientist to talk about tissue engineering at AAAS

...y to simply heal on its own. A tiny scaffold helps direct the engineered cells to the right place, then dissolves once the cells begin to generate to fill in the wound. "In certain kinds of defects, the body cannot heal itself and the body needs a jumpstart," Krebsbach said. To heal a large wound, like tha...

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...s ?although European studies have not measured the direct transfer of sea lice from farms to wild salmon. Ho...previous studies have not shown nor quantified the direct transmission. This study captures the chain of events." "Part of the contentious debate about sea l...

Color-blind method opens new doors in DNA sequencing

...a crime or a battlefield. "We could eventually do direct detection of a DNA sequence from native DNA" without manipulation now performed in the laboratory, said Dr. Michael L. Metzker, assistant professor in the BCM Human Genome Sequencing Center and adjunct assistant professor of chemistry at Rice. "We co...

Enzyme allows B cells to resist death, leading to leukemia

...th Lyn expressionlevels and activity ?suggesting a direct correlation between high Lynactivity and the ability of these B cells to resist apoptosis. Theauthors suggest that Lyn is involved in the development of B-CLL andthat this enzyme therefore represents an attractive target for therapy.The study will ap...

First 'atlas' of key brain genes could speed research on cancer, neurological diseases

...ereuniquely expressed.Stiles is pursuing TF’s that direct the formation of astrocytes, whichare affected in tumors called gliomas. David Rowitch, MD, PhD, ofDana-Farber and an author on the paper, studies transcription factorsin the brain’s cerebellum, where tumors called medulloblastomas occur,and Ma has i...

Open microfluidic and nanofluidic systems

...th the substrate wettability. This constraint is a direct consequence of the strong capillary forces that dominate in the micro- and nanoregime and can be formulated in a quantitative way using the methods of theoretical physics. In general, the development of any new technology requires a systematic unders...

Introduced foxes transformed vegetation on Aleutian Islands from lush grasslands to tundra

...ects on the whole ecosystem are as dramatic as the direct effects on the seabirds. "Introduced species are a global phenomenon, and we tend to focus on the direct effects, such as the reduction or extinction of species that are consumed by an introduced predator....

New SARS Protein Linked To Important Cell Doorway

...countries. Months before SARS became available for direct study, Washington University researchers used the SARS genome, finished a mere half-year after the first human infections, to look for potentially important viral proteins. As reported recently in the journal Structure, their efforts revealed orf7a,...

New studies suggest airborne SARS transmission is possible

...SARS) may spread through the air, not just through direct contact with contaminated water droplets as previous research had shown. SARS coronavirus was detected in the air in a patient's room during the 2003 outbreak in Toronto, according to a new study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Anot...

UCLA scientists transform HIV into cancer-seeking missile

...ns. "Our next step will be to test whether we can direct therapeutic genes to the precise location where cancer cells reside," Chen said. "This approach offers many potential applications for controlling cancer and other diseases." "We may be able to boost immune-system surveillance at tumor sites, identi...

Beyond lithium for bipolar disorder

...ears to be switched on by lithium, suggesting more direct targets for drugs to treat the disorder. Lithium is known to inhibit the production of an important cellular switch, called inositol monophosphate, so the researchers set out to find genes that were activated by this inhibition. They treated slices ...

Study of genomic DNA leads to new advances in cancer diagnostics

...cell interacts with its microenvironment (ECM) and direct changes to the cytoskeleton and finally to the chromatin. Such changes can now be measured directly at the chromatin level. These findings may provide the basis for the design of a new generation of cancer therapeutic agents. Research was funded by ...

New RNA polymerase discovered in plants

...ard thinks that Pol IV helps make siRNAs that then direct DNA methylation to sequences matching the siRNAs. The results were published in Cell online, Feb. 10, 2005 and will appear in the March, 2005 print version of the journal. "Pol IV is somehow involved in maintaining the integrity of the Arabidopsis ...

Falling ants glide back to trunk to avoid dangers of forest floor

... ants ?the only wingless insects known to actively direct their fall ?were first observed last year outside Iquitos, Peru, by insect ecologist Stephen P. Yanoviak of UTMB. While perched 100 feet up in the rainforest canopy waiting for mosquitoes to alight and feed on his blood, Yanoviak casually brushed off...

Special Imaging Study Shows Failing Hearts Are 'Energy Starved'

...ts and radiologists at Hopkins used MRS to provide direct molecular-level measurements of the CK supply in n...o provide not only images of the anatomy, but also direct measurements of the concentrations of various important biochemicals and their chemical reaction rat...

Genrate: a generative model that finds and scores new genes and exons in genomic microarray data

...nential in the length of the DNA sequence data, so direct application of the EM learning algorithm produces poor results. We describe a novel way of parameterizing the model using examples from the data set, so that good solutions are found using an efficient algorithm. We apply GenRate to a subset of mouse...

Discovery Promises Simpler Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

...ute (HHMI). Their findings may lead to a new, more direct method for treating the disease, they said. Their research suggests that an inability of red blood cells to relax blood vessels through the release of nitric oxide is a major factor behind the disease's primary symptoms -- including oxygen deprivati...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

The first direct evidence that a single protein is critical in the cellular export of iron may help to explain human hemochromatosis, researchers report in the March issue of Cell Metabolism. Hemochromatosis--which affects one in every 200 to 300 people in Western p...

Insight into natural cholesterol control suggests novel cholesterol-lowering therapy

...s, they found. "The current results demonstrate a direct role for lanosterol as a selective, physiologic regulator of reductase ubiquitination and degradation," said DeBose-Boyd. That effect would, in turn, control the rate of cholesterol production. "In addition to the biological significance, the findin...

Biodiversity hotspots identify conservation priorities

...ts include: habitat destruction; invasive species; direct human exploitation of species for food, medicine, ...hotspots analysis ensures that we will continue to direct conservation funds to the areas where we can have the greatest possible impact," said Peter Seligman...

McGill researchers shed light on formation of carcinogen in food

...ked to cancer in experimental animals, there is no direct evidence that furans are human carcinogens. "Even so," says Dr. Yaylayan, "food companies and government agencies are keeping a close eye on the situation. It's important to know exactly what chemicals are present in food, and to understand how they...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...d these amino acid chains into specific shapes and direct them to different areas of the ER for processing. When too many amino acids pile up in the ER membrane, or when something goes wrong with the folding process, the entire system can get clogged with unfolded proteins. To prevent this, the cell activa...

GeneNotes - A novel information management software for biologists

...databases and online computational tools require a direct human involvement. Information and computational results are presented in various multimedia formats (e.g., text, image, PDF, word files, etc.), many of which cannot be automatically processed by computers in biologically meaningful ways. In addition...

Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Angola update

...onals, with the exception of those involved in the direct care of patients, have been infected. There is no evidence that people can spread the virus before the onset of symptoms. Shortly after symptom onset, patients become rapidly and visibly very ill WHO is optimistic that the outbreak can be controlled...

Nanoparticles offer new hope for detection and treatment

...mice--indiscernible from the surrounding tissue by direct MRI scan--could be "lit up" and easily located as soon as 30 minutes after the mice were injected with the nanoparticles. Because nanoparticles can be engineered to carry a variety of substances, they also may be able to deliver cancer-fighting drug...

Birds brains reveal source of songs

...ern California. "Here's an organism that enables a direct investigation of how animals learn motor activities." The songbird's creative, trial-and-error type of learning provides an ideal model for studying similar processes in humans, such as how a baby's babble takes on the conversational cadences and re...

Love's all in the brain: fMRI study shows strong, lateralized reward, not sex, drive

...and related regions of the basal ganglia) helps to direct one's actions toward attaining one's goals. For neuroscientists," she said, "these findings about the diverse regional functions of the basal ganglia in humans have remarkable implications." "Our data even may be relevant to some forms of autism," B...

Navigating an integrated yeast network

...nmeshed in complex webs of relationships involving direct or indirect contact. At the simplest level, some recurring patterns of interconnections occur more frequently than expected in randomized networks, and these are called 'network motifs'. Lan Zhang from Harvard Medical School, USA, and colleagues foun...

Mystery Blood Vessel Disorder Implicated In 'Mini' Strokes

...dence of small vessel disease. Indeed, there was a direct relationship between the diameter of the basilar artery, the cranial artery most often affected in dolichoectasia, and the severity of small vessel disease. "This study is the first to show an association between intracranial arterial dolichoectasia...

First technology to remove prions that cause vCJD from blood launched

...cubating vCJD and acting as blood donors. The most direct action to reduce the risk of transmission may come from new methods to provide prion protection." Prion Protection The Leukotrap Affinity Prion Reduction Filter removes all types of prions in addition to leukocytes (white blood cells) from red blood...

Shutting down the HIV assembly line

... that the AP-3 delta subunit interacts with Gag to direct it to the multivesicular body. Disruption of the interaction, using a specific piece of the AP-3 subunit, eliminated Gag trafficking to the multivesicular body and diminished HIV particle formation in cells. "The significance of this paper comes fro...

Oceans more vulnerable to agricultural runoff than previously thought, study finds

... Stanford University scientists presents the first direct evidence linking large-scale coastal farming to massive algal blooms in the sea. Writing in the March 10 issue of the journal Nature, the authors conclude that some highly productive regions of the ocean are much more vulnerable to agricultural runo...

Elephant seal pups suffer from ocean warming

...elephant seal pup decreases. Weaning weights are a direct indicator of food availability to mother seals during their pregnancy. Because their prey has migrated to colder waters, female seals have to swim further and spend more time searching for food. As a result, they gain less body mass while pregnant an...

Oldest cranial, dental and postcranial fossils of early modern European humans confirmed

...Louis, USA recently conducted the first successful direct dating of the material. Several previous attempts to radiocarbon date the Mladec specimens directly have failed, but in the present attempt by using teeth as dating material reliable results were obtained. The findings are documented in the May 19 i...

Conserved amino acids play both structural and mechanistic roles in sandwich-like protein

...chemistry and cell biology. "Are they conserved to direct the protein-folding reaction, or are they selected...final structure of the protein, and three serve to direct the process of protein folding. "We directly demonstrated that in one protein within the large sand...

Scripps scientists find potential for catastrophic shifts in Pacific ecosystems

...lices." The new study is believed to be the first direct test for nonlinearity in large-scale physical and biological data for the marine environment. The basic methods for testing for linear and nonlinear signatures were developed by Sugihara over years of studying a variety of complex systems (ecosystems...

Gene keeps neural cells on correct developmental path

...t REST uses a different temporary off mechanism to direct neuronal development. "This study shows that there is more than one way to keep a REST-regulated gene repressed," said Michael G. Rosenfeld, an HHMI investigator at University of California, San Diego, who co-authored an accompanying commentary in Ce...

Scientists generate patient-specific stem cells, Science study says

...ease, so they will probably not be appropriate for direct use in treating patients. In addition, researchers must develop methods to efficiently direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to specific stable cell types. Scientists must also find...

SuperLigands - a database of ligand structures derived from the Protein Data Bank

...ease, so they will probably not be appropriate for direct use in treating patients. In addition, researchers must develop methods to efficiently direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to specific stable cell types. Scientists must also find...

New strategies to reduce hospital-aquired infections

...r into the healthcare environment in several ways: direct contact with or ingestion of drinking water or ice, breathing aerosols from showers and faucets and even from improperly reprocessed medical devices. As hospitals increasingly recognize the risks to patient health, they are employing a variety of tre...

Distributed Basic Local Alignment Search Toolkit (W.ND-BLAST)

...r into the healthcare environment in several ways: direct contact with or ingestion of drinking water or ice, breathing aerosols from showers and faucets and even from improperly reprocessed medical devices. As hospitals increasingly recognize the risks to patient health, they are employing a variety of tre...

Molecular thermometers on skin cells detect heat and camphor

...ng in its bubble of cerebrospinal fluid, it has no direct window to the outside world, so the only way for t...rain, since keratinocytes, unlike neurons, have no direct link with the central nervous system. Keratinocytes do, however, touch nerve fibers, and it may be t...

Hydrogen and methane provide raw energy for life at 'Lost City'

... state-of-the-art communication technology to help direct investigations at sea during a mission with co-PI Bob Ballard, his Institute for Exploration, the Jason Foundation for Education and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship and funding. Audiences at participating aquariums, museums and...

Gov't Creates Gene Database of Normal Human Tissues

...h include most of the genes that are known to help direct basic activities of the human body. Recently the Human Genome Project revealed a surprisingly low number of human genes (20,000-25,000), and Khan said it had been previously reported that "only a fraction of that, perhaps 10,000 genes, are actively ...

Building a protein name dictionary from full text: a machine learning term extraction approach

...lished methods, supporting the significance of our direct extraction approach. The method is strong in recognizing name variants not found in SwissProt. ...

Second messenger NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle

...AADP in Ca2+ signaling in pancreatic anicar cells, direct demonstration of changes in NAADP levels in respon...d, "Our data in this experiment provides the first direct evidence that cholecystokinin elicits a rapid, dose-dependent and selective increase in NAADP, and t...

Evidence of 600-million-year old fungi-algae symbiosis discovered in marine fossils

...e 600-million-year-old relationship may not be the direct ancestor of the 400-million-year-old relationship," Xiao said. Fungi and algae in modern lichens can easily marry and divorce, he said. "Given the ease with which the symbiotic relationship is formed, I wouldn't be surprised if the land-based relati...

Research may provide new link between soft drinks and weight gain

...age. "Our study shows how fat mass increases as a direct consequence of soft drink consumption," said Dr. Tschöp. The research appears in the July 2005 issue of Obesity Research, the official journal of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO). Consumption of sweetened foods and be...

DNA constraints control structure of attached macromolecules

...ampaign. The technique uses double-stranded DNA to direct the behavior of other molecules. In previous DNA nanotechnology efforts, duplex DNA has been used as a static lattice to construct geometrical objects in three dimensions. Instead of manipulating DNA alone into such shapes, the researchers are using...

Census of Marine Life explorers surprised by diversity, density of Arctic creatures

...expected, together with several million dollars in direct and in-kind support. Countries confirmed to date: Australia, UK, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, France, Poland, Italy, Russia, New Zealand, Belgium, Chile. Covering 35 million square kilometers (10 per cent of the world's ocean surface), the South...

UN successfully tests 'green' pesticide against locusts

...ampaign. The technique uses double-stranded DNA to direct the behavior of other molecules. In previous DNA nanotechnology efforts, duplex DNA has been used as a static lattice to construct geometrical objects in three dimensions. Instead of manipulating DNA alone into such shapes, the researchers are using...

Health costs soar as 60 million Americans classed as obese

...ampaign. The technique uses double-stranded DNA to direct the behavior of other molecules. In previous DNA nanotechnology efforts, duplex DNA has been used as a static lattice to construct geometrical objects in three dimensions. Instead of manipulating DNA alone into such shapes, the researchers are using...

Antiretroviral Therapy May Prevent HIV Transmission From Breastfeeding Mothers To Infants

...reduce mother-to-child transmission through either direct inhibition of HIV replication in the breast milk, or by preventing infection from taking hold in the infant. The high drug concentrations raised the possibility of some risks, as well as benefits, however. Such levels may be high enough to cause adv...