diet

Lack of enzyme turns fat cells into fat burners

...ck the enzyme can eat a high fat, highcarbohydrate diet without gaining weight, while their normalcounterp...e. When they were fed a high fat, highcarbohydrate diet for four to five months, the ACC2-deficient mice hada 25 percent higher rate of fatty acid oxidation...

Highly adaptable genome in gut bacterium key to intestinal health

...uarter of its genes into high gear when its host's diet changes from sugar to complex carbohydrates. This...tinal bacteria, with B. theta. The mice were fed a diet high in complex carbohydrates and low in simple sugars. Ten days later, the activity of all genes in...

PCRM develops world's first cruelty-free insulin assay

...cal trials to test the effects of a low-fat, vegan diet on patients with type 2 diabetes. "We only had two options available to us when we began our diabetes trials," said Dr. Barnard. "One, we could use test kits with insulin antibodies grown in vivo--literally from cells injected into the abdomens of l...

Vascular structure and function improve with diet and exercise

...r disease risk may improve by the eighth week of a diet and exercise regimen, according to a study present...onalized physical exercise and Mediterranean-style diet plans in volunteers with pre-clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The study reported pr...

US life expectancy about to decline, researchers say

...hological and environmental factors that influence diet or physical activity levels, says Dr. David Ludwig...ontributors to obesity. "These adverse changes in diet have been driven by a multi-billion dollar marketing campaign by the food industry aimed at young ch...

Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries

...dy, scientists exposed mice lacking AIM to a fatty diet that would normally induce atherosclerosis. After...nce of plaque deposits in the arteries following a diet of high-fat food. "This was dramatic evidence that showed suppressing AIM function translates into ...

Insight into natural cholesterol control suggests novel cholesterol-lowering therapy

...ong known that cells respond to a high cholesterol diet by shutting down its internal synthesis, he explained. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol and other related compounds exert that self-control have only more recently begun to emerge. The researchers now demonstrate that lanostero...

Biomarkers isolated from saliva successfully predict oral and breast cancer

... might be influenced by eating, drinking, smoking, diet or oral hygiene," said Wong. "So our goal is to provide the optimized and standardized protocol to assure consistent results." The studies are supported by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service (National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial R...

New project aims to make large-scale lobster farms feasible

...xciting because we expect to make breakthroughs in diet development and growout of juveniles that will help to make the culture of this species a reality, " she said. Spiny lobster is an ideal target for commercial culture due to its high value and limited availability from wild capture, mostly using tra...

NSAID drug protects against intestinal tumors in mice, despite poor diet and gene losses

...causing risks produced by a high-fat Western-style diet - even when several genetic brakes to cancer forma...umor suppressor genes (p27 and APC) and were fed a diet high in fat and low in calcium and vitamin D. "It appears that p21 activation through sulindac offe...

Oldest fossil human protein ever sequenced

...s, to make inferences about the evolution of human diet and physiology," said Erik Trinkaus, Ph.D., the Mary Tileston Hemenway Professor of Physical Anthropology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. Trinkaus is considered by many to be the world's most influential scholar of Nean...

Important discovery about second most fatal cancer

...ovel approaches of cancer prevention by the use of diet or chemical compounds. The results may be generalizable to the average-risk population. 3. An understanding of the genetic defect may provide important insight into the basic cause of the common non-inherited forms of the same type of cancer. The f...

Bugs, even 'bad' ones, can be educationally beneficial, new book says

... species of fruit fly is evolving based on how its diet differentiates it from other fruit flies. Waldbauer uses examples from history, his career and conversations with his entomologist colleagues to illustrate what we can learn from bad bugs. Many of the pests he describes are found in Illinois, inclu...

Scientists use manufacturing methods to reconstruct mastodon

...ds of information on health, reproductive history, diet and climate that are the focus of a lot of my research. Once the exhibit opening is behind us, I hope to be able to concentrate more on the interpretation of this animal's history and what it can tell us about late Pleistocene events." Leading up to...

Excess liver gene protects against high-fat diet

...h an excess of liver X receptor (LXRa), when fed a diet high in fat, remained free from the high cholester...oup said. "The high-cholesterol, high-fat Western diet has abetted an epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, making it the leading cause of de...

Fat's fate depends on its source

...f Cell Metabolism. Fats taken in directly from the diet or generated from sugars spark a cascade of gene a...-called "new" fat--further evidence that a healthy diet should include an adequate source of fat. "De novo synthesis of fat is an energy-expensive process ...

Genetic links could unlock clues to leading cause of blindness

...ays a significant role but not the only role. Even diet plays a big part, she said. Her own research with the National Eye Institute has shown that taking certain vitamins and minerals can reduce the risk of developing the disease by 25 percent over five years. "With the increasing number of people livin...

Caloric restriction won't dramatically extend life span in humans: UCLA research

...h rodents, as well as published studies on humans, diet and longevity. He and Michael Rose, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Irvine, published their findings in a journal article titled, "Why dietary restriction substantially increases longevity in animal mode...

Evolution of taste receptor may have shaped human sensitivity to toxic compounds

... of chemical sensory perception and on the role of diet as a selective force in human evolution. ...

Cats' indifference towards sugar explained

... carbohydrates, and therefore eat an "Atkins-like" diet of meat and fat. These findings lead to more questions, Brand says. "The overarching evolutionary questions are: when and why did cats lose the ability to taste sweet things? Which came first, the carnivorous behavior or the inability to taste sweets...

Purdue scientists may have found key to halting spinal cord damage

...alth, and for years, physicians have recommended a diet rich in antioxidants - such as vitamins C and E - which are able to attach themselves to free radicals, detoxifying them. While there is nothing inherently wrong with this approach, Shi said, it might not be getting at the root of some health problem...

Environmental chemical cocktail may sabotage sperm

...eral xenobiotics at any one time, with soya in the diet and exposure to other compounds coming from plastics etc, we need to investigate their possible effects on the fertility of human sperm as quickly as possible." ...

Beauty queens urge girls not to sacrifice their bones

...m Lebanon who spoke about the importance of proper diet (including adequate calcium and vitamin D), and sufficient exercise, in building bone strength and mass. He also pointed out that certain lifestyle activities, such as eating disorders, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can be detrimental to...

Otter adaptations: How do otters remain sleek and warm

...scopy with the idea of accurately identifying wolf diet from wolf scat. "While we have engaged molecular biologists in studies of animal genetics and isotope dynamics, John is the first structural molecular biologist that we have worked with," says wildlife biologist Rolf Peterson from Michigan Technologi...

Genome Sequence for Haemophilus Influenzae Completed

...scopy with the idea of accurately identifying wolf diet from wolf scat. "While we have engaged molecular biologists in studies of animal genetics and isotope dynamics, John is the first structural molecular biologist that we have worked with," says wildlife biologist Rolf Peterson from Michigan Technologi...

The very defensive caterpillar

...a on Wednesday 13th of July. After being fed on a diet of antibiotics, hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) caterpill...tory on insects often fed on antibiotic containing diet so these results suggest that the immune response of insect constantly exposed to pathogens in the f...

Did humans cause ecosystem collapse in ancient Australia?

...,000 years ago. The researchers traced evidence of diet and the environment contained in ancient eggshells.... The remains showed evidence of a rapid change of diet at the time of the extinctions. The researchers believe that massive fires set by the first humans m...

Researcher at UGA College of Veterinary Medicine identifies new way of combating viral diseases

...are generally able to control their condition with diet and medication.Temporarily blocking the Rab9 pathway would be unlikely to harm the body, Hodge added, because human cells tend to have backup systems that can compensate. ...

New technology shows our ancestors ate…everything!

...mplies that early humans evolved and altered their diet according to seasonal and other changes in order t...to have a reliable technology that detects subtler diet variations." A team of scientists from the University of Arkansas and Worcester Polytechnic Institu...

Research team receives $7.5 million to study cassava

...ant's starchy root is a substantial portion of the diet of nearly 600 million people worldwide. Cassava is the fourth-most-important crop in the tropics, and it's relatively easy to grow in drought conditions. Fully grown cassava roots can stay in the ground for up to two years and needs relatively littl...

Restaurant seafood prices since 1850s help plot marine harvests through history

...ed the earth and remains a vital item in the daily diet of millions worldwide," says Danish environmental historian Poul Holm, who leads the HMAP network of researchers and institutions. "The Romans ate fish in vast quantities. And over-fishing in medieval Europe was a very real problem in the days of Wi...

Zinc supplements safe for HIV-infected children

...do not receive adequate amounts of zinc from their diet should be given supplements, even if they are HIV-infected, according to researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and other institutions. Previously, it was not known if zinc would speed up HIV disease progression in chil...

New technique multiplies life span in simple organisms

...ns in their DNA, whether caused by age, radiation, diet or other environmental factors. Cancer often begins when DNA mutations outstrip a cell's ability to remain differentiated. Many researchers believe DNA repair systems are already running flat out. The organisms in Longo's experiment say otherwise. ...

Researchers show how air pollution can cause heart disease

...e air were 13.2 percent obstructed. Among high-fat diet mice, those exposed to PM2.5 had arteries that wer... 26.2 percent clogged. In both normal and high-fat diet mice, PM2.5 exposure increased cholesterol levels, which are thought to exacerbate plaque buildup. ...

Overfishing may drive endangered seabird to rely upon lower quality food

...iod. The researchers were thus able to relate the diet of the murrelet to the environmental and fishing c...impact on pre-breeding diet. That is, the murrelet diet in the era before the collapse of sardines and declines in other fisheries consisted of a greater pr...

WWF peeks into mysterious life of Borneo's pygmy elephants

...resents a whole herd's movements.„X The elephants' diet consists of at least 162 species of plants (in 49 families), including several dipterocarp tree species. This was determined during field tracking that supplements the satellite tracking. It was proved that forest quality influences the diversity and...

Seal rookeries could provide a reliable food source for endangered California condors, study finds

...d seals have been an integral part of the condor's diet since the last Ice Age, and that current efforts b...e ranchers. Eventually, the birds supplement their diet with carcasses of deer, boar and other terrestrial wildlife they happen to find. Unfortunately, many...

No link found between caffeine intake and development of hypertension in women

...ation was found with the consumption of sugared or diet colas, according to a study in the November 9 issu...rtension, independent of whether it was sugared or diet cola. "In this study with more than 1.4 million person-years of follow-up [the number of women in t...

Phenolic compounds may explain Mediterranean diet benefits

...be that the beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular disease and arteriosclerosis dep...udy, noted that health benefits of a Mediterranean diet were described over 50 years ago. "This study demonstrates one possible mechanism by which olive oi...

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

...age (predominantly men over 50 years of age) and a diet high in red meat and dairy products.3 Once the cancer has been diagnosed it is graded and staged to assess the aggressiveness of the tumour and how far it has spread, and for evaluating the type of treatment required. Treatment can involve surgery, ...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

...age (predominantly men over 50 years of age) and a diet high in red meat and dairy products.3 Once the cancer has been diagnosed it is graded and staged to assess the aggressiveness of the tumour and how far it has spread, and for evaluating the type of treatment required. Treatment can involve surgery, ...

Drunken elephants: The marula fruit myth

...hat the elephant avoids drinking water, consumes a diet of only marula fruit at a rate of at least 400 percent normal maximum food intake, and with a mean alcohol content of at least 3 percent," write the authors. Instead, the authors posit that an intoxicant other than alcohol may be responsible for "t...

Study finds that nutritionally enhanced rice reduces iron deficiency

...rectly advise that the best solution is a balanced diet of fruit, vegetables and meat, but, for the very poor, such choices are simply not possible and so they depend predominantly on staple foods to stave off day-to-day hunger. This is especially true in isolated rural areas where under-resourced and ov...

Feeling old?

...win. However, adding the amino acid leucine to the diet of old individuals can set things straight again. ...kdown may be affected. While adding leucine to the diet restores protein building there was no knowledge about this supplement's effect on breakdown. To ad...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...n, treatment and care. Ensure a healthy, balanced diet during a woman's reproductive years. Control infections in pregnant women. Train physicians, nurses, allied health professionals and workers in the recognition and care of children with birth defects. Establish national capacity for birth defects ...

Contagious obesity? Identifying the human adenoviruses that may make us fat

...et, there is evidence that factors other than poor diet or lack of exercise may be at work in the obesity epidemic. "The prevalence of obesity has doubled in adults in the United States in the last 30 years and has tripled in children," the study noted. "With the exception of infectious diseases, no other...

Newly identified mechanism helps explain why people of African descent are more vulnerable to TB

...mmunity, and how that can best be achieved through diet or supplementation," said the senior investigator of these studies, Dr. Robert Modlin, Klein Professor of Dermatology and Professor of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. "Tuberculosis is a...

There's something fishy about human brain evolution

...ephen Cunnane it was a rich and secure shore-based diet that fuelled and provided the essential nutrients to make our brains what they are today. Controversially, according to Dr. Cunnane our initial brain boost didn't happen by adaptation, but by exaptation, or chance. "Anthropologists and evolutionary ...

Aspirin reduces cardiovascular risks in men and women -- but differently

...educing cardiovascular risks, such eating a proper diet and exercising." Of the six randomized clinical trials involved in the analysis, three enrolled solely men, one included only women, and two enrolled both sexes. The trials were: Physicians Health Study, British Doctor's Trial, Thrombosis Prevention...

Butterflies lose body fat during metamorphosis

...yzed the fatty acid composition and content of the diet as well as the larva. Once the larva had transfor...tent of the butterfly. They found that both the diet and the tissues of the larva and butterfly had a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. ...

Two NIH initiatives launch intensive efforts to find roots of common diseases

...st be due to changes in the environment, including diet and physical activity, which may produce disease i...is challenge." To determine how the environment, diet and physical activity contribute to illness, investments will be made in emerging technologies, such...

El Nino events affect whale breeding

...krill, a shrimp-like crustacean, which is the main diet of these whales. It is known that these changes affect penguins and seals in the Antarctic, but this is the first time the link has been made with whales as they return to their calving grounds in the South Atlantic. Keith Reid from British Antarcti...

UCLA paper examines how one disease may prevent another

...eved to be demons. A 1924 discovery showed that a diet rich in fat and low in carbohydrates mimicked star...onemia and also controlled seizures. The ketogenic diet is still used today for cases of epilepsy resistant to medication. During the 1994 winter of starv...

Parachuting allows krill to eat and run

... numbers in Antarctica, where they form the staple diet of fish, penguins, seals, and whales. Like many other small pelagic animals, they perform daily vertical migration (DVM), in which they occupy the upper ocean layers at night to eat and the deeper layers by day to hide. Previous research has shown th...

Pennsylvania researchers find liver transplants provide metabolic cure for rare genetic disease

...lant, the only treatment was strict adherence to a diet almost devoid of protein. Despite adherence to this diet, patients were still at risk of metabolic crisis from something as simple as a common cold, which can disrupt the body's metabolism and cause rapid neurological deterioration. In 1997, an MSUD...

How nice, brown rice: Study shows rice bran lowers blood pressure in rats

...en kidney problems. What if some component of our diet could work in similar fashion, with few or no side effects? Researchers at Tohoku University and Japan’s National Research Institute of Brewing demonstrated that adding rice bran to the diets of hypertensive, stroke-prone rats lowered the animals?sys...

Thinner and younger

...an eating a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet extend human life? Preliminary research suggests i...because calorie restriction requires a very strict diet regimen, both to keep the total number of calories low and to insure that people consume the proper ...

Albatross study shows regional differences in ocean contamination

...footed and Laysan albatrosses both consume a mixed diet of squid, fish, and fish eggs. Finkelstein analyzed nitrogen isotope ratios in the two species--an indicator of an animal's "trophic level," or how high it is on the food chain--and found no significant difference. "Biomagnification means that you g...

Vegetables inhibit growth of prostate cancer in mice with human tumors

...footed and Laysan albatrosses both consume a mixed diet of squid, fish, and fish eggs. Finkelstein analyzed nitrogen isotope ratios in the two species--an indicator of an animal's "trophic level," or how high it is on the food chain--and found no significant difference. "Biomagnification means that you g...

Salmon go veggie to save wild fish stocks

... like humans, require omega-3 fatty acids in their diet to function healthily. But as the fish farming industry expands, feeding salmon and other aquatic species with pellets containing fishmeal and oil derived from processing wild-caught marine fish is unsustainable in the long term. This is due to risin...