daughter

Circles Of DNA Might Help Predict Success Of Stem Cell Transplantation

...parent cells containing sjTRECs divide and produce daughter cells, the more the sjTRECs in those original T cells get "diluted" within the growing army of these immune cells. This proves that high levels of sjTREC in blood means that a large number of stem cells have been converted to parent T cells--each of ...

World-first Living Donor Islet Cell Transplant A Success; Procedure Offers Promise For Diabetics

...eed it, Shapiro added. The mother of the diabetic daughter was in perfect health, while her daughter has been on the cadaver donors transplant list since September 2004. Before the surgery, the woman h...

Key mechanism in genetic inheritance during cell division identified

... passing of genetic material from a parent cell to daughter cells appears to have been identified by a team of...segregate a single copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell. After which, the microtubules again disassemble and reform back into skeletal systems for the ...

Protein That Promotes Survival Of Stem Cells Might Be Key To Poor Leukemia Prognosis

... precursors arising from HSCs; these cells produce daughter cells that become increasingly specialized and then produce specific types of blood cells, such as B lymphocytes--immune cells that produce antibodies. "Understanding the role of Mcl-1 in apoptosis and how this gene is regulated will help my lab at ...

First technology to remove prions that cause vCJD from blood launched

...net Gibbs, Chair of the Human BSE Foundation whose daughter died from vCJD says, "Knowing the devastating effect that vCJD can have, the Human BSE Foundation fully supports any innovations that could potentially save anyone from the suffering we had to endure." She also notes that although we should hope for ...

Innovative collaboration brings Arctic science into the classroom

... board, he saw that the boat captain's 13-year old daughter was very interested in the process. Communicating primarily through translators, he explained the work being done and she quickly mastered the basic sampling protocols. At the end of the trip, he explained to her how more frequent sampling would help...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...es virus episome must replicate and segregate into daughter cells along with the cell’s genome. Viral replication and segregation requires the services of a protein called the episome maintenance protein—a potentially recognizable target for immune cells. Gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EB...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...es virus episome must replicate and segregate into daughter cells along with the cell’s genome. Viral replication and segregation requires the services of a protein called the episome maintenance protein—a potentially recognizable target for immune cells. Gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EB...

Recombinant DNA technology may enable oral, rather than injectable, delivery of protein drugs

...DNA molecule multiplies itself to form a colony of daughter cells that secretes the desired protein. These cells become "factories" for the production of the protein coded for by the inserted DNA. As it turned out, this was the case as well for the transferrin/G-CSF combination. "Our recombinant fusion prot...

Brain size may depend upon how neural cells are cleaved

...the neocortex determines the fate of the resulting daughter cells. However, nothing was known about the molecu... planes dictate the ultimate cell fate adoption of daughter cells," said Tsai. To determine definitively whether impairment of Gβγ had a direct effect on cell ...

Master regulatory gene found that guides fate of blood-producing stem cells

...blood-cell types; or strike a balance in which one daughter cell becomes an HSC and the other becomes a mature blood-cell type. "We know that in diseases like leukemia, the first scenario-no differentiated cells, two HCSs developing-must occur because more and more stem cells are made," explains Emerson. In ...

HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein

...time, so that the virus can maximize production of daughter virions," says Frederic Bushman, PhD, Professor of Microbiology at Penn. This present study demonstrates the first piece of a mechanism that dictates where HIV integration takes place. Previous studies at other institutions showed that LEDGF binds ...

Regenerating worms help elucidate stem cell biology

... stem cells to divide, as in normal worms, and the daughter cells traveled proficiently to the part of the bod.... The researchers found that without piwi, the daughter cells from this division failed to differentiate into a specialized cell once they'd reached their d...

Normal chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response

...ion the sorting mechanism, which ensures that each daughter cell receives a full complement of chromosomes would inevitably rip the fused chromosomes apart. "Such fusion breakage cycles scramble the genome over time, and cause genome instability, which is a hallmark of cancer cells," explains Karlseder. "Th...

A new link between stem cells and tumors

...isrupted. "We no longer had normal neuroblasts and daughter cells capable of becoming part of a nerve," Caussi...es in stem cells ?those which control the fates of daughter cells ?are crucial. If such genes are disrupted, the new cells may no longer be able to control thei...

Sleeping sickness parasite shows how cells divide their insides

...and associated Golgi, are ready to be allocated to daughter cells. Significant recent advances in the molecular genetics of trypanosomes by Elisabetta Ullu and Christian Tschudi's group at Yale, allowed direct manipulation of protein levels using the innate RNA interference (RNAi) system.The relationshi...

Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division

... If the nuclear pore had split to give rise to two daughter pores, two bright dots would have emerged from one; however, the researchers tracked movement of only one dot, confirming their previous finding that pores formed from scratch. Additional research demonstrated that nuclear pore assemblies are added ...

Common enzyme is a key player in DNA repair

...ns, uncorrected DNA errors passed along to the new daughter cells can lead to cancer. When DNA integrity is at stake, a family of proteins known as translesion DNA polymerases comes to the rescue. They cannot actually repair a damaged strand of DNA, but they can smooth over the problem by inserting a nucleot...

New insights into neural tube defects

...ity of a cell is lost. Therefore, the newly formed daughter cells initially lack the information to direct th...o demonstrate that the polarity is restored to the daughter cells after rather than during cell division and to provide the specific molecules involved in resto...

Insects that produce males from unfertilized eggs reveal a surprising cellular feat

...the duplicated chromosomes so that each of the two daughter cells gets a complete set of chromosomes. The centrosome contains about a hundred different proteins, including the main protein for making microtubules, called gamma tubulin. The UCSC researchers studied the development of centrosomes in the eggs ...

Researchers now able to look deep into heart to view triggers of a heart's beat

...the duplicated chromosomes so that each of the two daughter cells gets a complete set of chromosomes. The centrosome contains about a hundred different proteins, including the main protein for making microtubules, called gamma tubulin. The UCSC researchers studied the development of centrosomes in the eggs ...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

...er, a mutation in these stem cells produces mutant daughter cells, disorganized tissue architecture, and increased proliferation of crypt cells, which leads to development of colon tumors, Boman said. Hence, they then analyzed malignant colon tissues and found that there are a number of miRNAs that were chang...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

...er, a mutation in these stem cells produces mutant daughter cells, disorganized tissue architecture, and increased proliferation of crypt cells, which leads to development of colon tumors, Boman said. Hence, they then analyzed malignant colon tissues and found that there are a number of miRNAs that were chang...

Epidemic of unneeded amputations

...is left knee. As a result, Sevante had to walk his daughter down the aisle on her wedding day with a walker and a prosthetic limb. Six months after his first amputation, he experienced similar symptoms in his right leg and decided to aggressively pursue amputation alternatives to avoid having to live in a wh...

In a technical tour de force, Salk scientists take a global view of the epigenome

...shed, methylated sites are faithfully inherited by daughter cells. The ability to take a high-resolution snapshot of what genes are methylated and which ones aren't during different developmental or disease states might show how cells self-renew or growth control genes become de-regulated. The investigators...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

... bone marrow, in which stem cells divide and their daughter cells differentiate into all kinds of blood cells, including large numbers of immune cells for the body's defense. The hematopoietic (literally, blood-creating) stem cells, which can give rise to any kind of blood cell, reside in special 'stem cell n...

Molecular DNA switch found to be the same for all life

...which a biological cell divides into two identical daughter cells apparently worked so well early on that evolution has conserved it across the eons in all forms of life on Earth. Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California at Berkele...

A protein complex that untangles DNA

...es cannot be separated and sent to the two nascent daughter cells. Like in the repair process, the Smc5/6 complex appears to resolve these intertwines by direct interaction with the DNA molecules, but this process is differently regulated as compared to the function in repair. "Evidence points to that the ...

One-dimensional diffusion accelerates molecular motors

...teins pull the halves of chromosomes into existing daughter cells. Until now, scientists have not known how th...ent and are this way accurately distributed on the daughter cells. ...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

...lls divide through mitosis, a process that creates daughter cells with the same complement of chromosome pairs as the parent. Sperm and egg cells, on the other hand, must contain only half the chromosomes of their parent cells, so that the normal chromosome number will be restored when the sperm and egg unite...

Weizmann Institute scientists discover a molecular security mechanism for keeping mutations in check

...g, to create new DNA that will be passed on to the daughter cell at cell division. This enzyme can be a stickler for accuracy ?if it runs into damage from radiation or exposure to harmful substances on the DNA strand, it can stop in its tracks, unable to continue copying. A stoppage of this sort spells death ...

Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition

... cell could produce both excitatory and inhibitory daughter cells, and how approximately equal numbers of each daughter cell are produced. In a study published in the June edition of Nature Neuroscience (now available ...

Two central mysteries in genome inheritance solved at UCSD

... end of the football-shaped spindle, the resulting daughter cells will lack the correct complement of genomic information ? a situation that is dangerous as it can promote cancerous transformation," said Desai. Cells avoid such a fate by detecting errors in attachment to the spindle, breaking down these def...

Does natural selection drive the evolution of cancer?

.... When mutant tumor cells divide to replicate, the daughter cells share the same mutations. The final condition is that the variation has to affect fitness, the survival and reproduction of the cells. All of the characteristics that are considered hallmarks of cancer affect fitness, according to Maley. Am...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...de by mitosis--that is, the DNA duplicates so each daughter cell receives exactly the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. However, when the yeast cells are starving, IME4 switches on and activates a process called meiosis. Here, the cells divide into germ-cell spores that, like mammalian egg and ...

Vaccine for brain tumors shows promising results

...emove it, but the tumor returned in November. Her daughter learned of the trial at UCSF and Hekkala enrolled. In January 2006 she had another surgery, and this time, the removed tissue was sent to Antigenics, the Massachusetts biotech company that produces the vaccine from the patient's tumor tissue. Becaus...

Mayo discovers protein as potential tactic to prevent tumors

..., they can resume the process of dividing into two daughter cells. If, however, major irreparable discrepancies occur in the genetic code, cells are shunted toward a molecular sequence that leads to death, or apoptosis. Cells have the genetic knowledge to sacrifice themselves for the greater good of the organ...

What does the public really know about HPV?

... coverage, intentions to vaccinate one's self or a daughter were substantially higher when the vaccine was ava...or "somewhat likely" to want the vaccine for their daughter if it were provided at little or no cost, compared to 38 percent of parents who would consider the v...

Novel experiment documents evolution of genome in near-real time

... of naturally occurring errors in copying DNA into daughter cells during cell division. The precise changes in the sequence of DNA subunits were determined with comparative genomic sequencing technology from NimbleGen Systems, and further analyzed with technology from Sequenom Inc., a San Diego-based biotech ...

Molecular motors and brakes work together in cells

...d moves along the mother microtubule. In time, the daughter grows beyond the end of the mother to ultimately p...the cross-linking MAP ase1p. "Imagine that the daughter microtubule is a short train on the track of the mother microtubule," explains Tran. "The molecular ...

Selective marker found to indicate aggressive form of breast cancer

...dult stem cells as they regenerate and divide into daughter cells. "Normal basal epithelial tissue produces nestin, but basal epithelial tumors produce a tremendous amount of nestin, which likely represents an abnormal expansion of the basal epithelia." DiRenzo said. "If it is indeed specific to regenera...

New cell type identified in cancer development

...e with healthy or recovering immune systems. These daughter cells, however, were likely to die, especially when they encountered signals to further differentiate ?a strong contrast to the behavior of normal stem cells. "We thought this was an interesting development," says Gao, "because these precancerous ...

Scientists discover stage at which an embryonic cell is fated to become a stem cell

...and unequal, asymmetrical ones that direct smaller daughter cells towards the inside of the embryo. These become the inner cell mass of stem cells. Previously, it was believed that the mammalian embryo starts its development with identical cells and only as these inside and outside cells form do differences...

Synthetic peptide targets latent papilloma virus infections

...reds of plasmids. When the cell divides into two daughter cells, the plasmids glom onto the chromosomes so a...ered along with the duplicate chromosomes into the daughter cells, where they again take up residence in the nucleus as latent viral DNA. The viral plasmids tur...

Thymus transplants gives hope to babies with fatal immune disease

...loves to dance." Lolita Harding is describing her daughter Dave'yana, who will turn three in September, thanks in large part to a thymus transplant she received at Duke University Medical Center in April 2005 to reconstitute her absent immune system. Dave'yana was the 31st baby to receive such a transplant a...

Researchers shed light on shrinking of chromosomes

...have to be copied and distributed equally into two daughter cells at every division. Condensation, the shorten...ibuted during cell division we know very well; two daughter cells with either broken chromosomes or different numbers of chromosomes result and severe diseases ...