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Scientists ID molecular 'switch' in liver that triggers harmful effects of saturated and trans fats

...Medical School. Saturated fats are found in fatty cuts of meat, whole-milk dairy products, butter, and palm and coconut oils; they are associated with higher risk of coronary disease. The healthier polyunsaturated fats are those that remain liquid at room temperature, such as various types of vegetable o...

Study of genomic DNA leads to new advances in cancer diagnostics

...ied by a commentary. Using an enzyme (Alu I) that cuts DNA at a common sequence in the human genome, Dr. Maniotis's group classified cells based on sensitivity or resistance to DNA digestion. Non-malignant cells were sensitive to DNA digestion by Alu I while highly malignant cells were resistant. These r...

Protein offers way to stop microscopic parasites in their tracks

... did the work had to be a protease, a protein that cuts or degrades other proteins. He also knew it was likely to belong to a special subcategory known as rhomboid proteases, which are able to clip off sections of proteins near the surface of the cell membrane. Using other rhomboid proteases as guides, B...

Artifical cornea lets woman blind 20 years see

... sewn into the recipient's eye. First, the surgeon cuts a hole from the center of the donated cornea so that the "keratoprosthesis" can be inserted into it. The next step depends on the artificial cornea model being used, but typically includes connecting a front plate to a back plate with the donor corn...

Vampire bats keep out of trouble by running

...pending perhaps 10 minutes drinking from the small cuts they make. However, running may help them avoid being stepped on, Riskin suggests. More likely, the researchers say, the ability to run evolved long ago, when vampire bats had to prey on faster South American athletes such as the agouti, a rodent abo...

Confocal imaging promises early detection of skin cancer

.... “It’s like a biopsy without the painful physical cuts and resulting scars, looking at layers slice by slice.?The technology has been around for 50 years, but only recently been used in the life sciences area. Because it calls on lasers and high-end imaging, confocal technology is expensive. One project...

Doing a spin with DNA

...A molecule. The topoisomerase clamps onto the DNA, cuts through one of the two DNA strands, and then lets ...ble-stranded DNA like a clamp and then temporarily cuts through one of the two DNA strands. The accumulated torsional forces in the DNA are then spun out ar...

Purdue researchers use enzyme to clip 'DNA wires'

...ng lengths. The enzyme used in the Purdue research cuts segments of DNA containing a sequence of GGATCC. ...isevic are the first to show that the BamH1 enzyme cuts DNA wires. "We weren't sure the enzyme would be able to recognize the DNA sequence covered with par...

Clearing jams in copy machinery

...cts as a proofreader to catch any misspellings and cuts any base that is wrong. But Pol III is a perfectionist, and can stall if it encounters a problem. Pol IV, on the other hand, lays down bases without checking for errors, keeping the process moving even when Pol III gets stuck. The findings by O'Donne...

Dangerous tricksters: Some bacterie use immune cells to reproduce

...ed. This 'phagosome' (from Greek phagein = to eat) cuts itself off into the inside of the macrophage and is now the point on which all the macrophage's offensive weaponry is concentrated: the phagosome is flooded with oxygen radicals and acid. Another kind of membrane bags, the lysosomes, merge with the p...

Some good news for the world's poor

...til this year. "In 2005, IRRI continued to receive cuts in donor funding. We hope that this new research will help us finally turn this trend around so we can continue to help the world's poor rice farmers and consumers achieve better lives." ...

Twin molecular scissors link creation of microRNAs with gene-silencing

...es bound together by the third member, TRBP. Dicer cuts double-stranded precursor molecules shaped like hairpins into pairs of short single-stranded miRNAs ?in essence, nipping off the bend in the pin. RISC then unzips the two single-stranded miRNAs from each other and identifies and holds one as a guide ...

UCLA scientists uncover mechanism of response to targeted therapy

... therapy, such as an angiogenesis inhibitor, which cuts off the independent blood supply that cancers need to grow and flourish. The CCI-779 would stop the growth of the cancer, and the chemotherapy would be used to kill the cancer cells or the angiogenesis inhibitor could be administered to cut off the b...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...ng oxygen deprivation, or hypoxia, the HIF-1 gene cuts the link between two ATP-making biochemical pathways: glycolysis, which makes modest amounts of ATP by breaking down the glucose without using oxygen; and the TCA cycle in the mitochondrion, which normally uses oxygen to produce large amounts of ATP ...

Study indicates dramatic rise in antibiotic-resistant community-acquired staph infections

...nd in noses, and typically infects tissues through cuts or rashes. Those infections can remain minor, or lead to illnesses ranging from boils or abscesses to necrotizing skin infections, pneumonia and sometimes blood stream infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that st...

Possible brain hormone may unlock mystery of hibernation

...ents that block HP activity in the animals' brains cuts hibernation short. "One of the most curious biological phenomena in mammals is their ability to hibernate circannually, which allows them to survive unusually low body temperatures at or near freezing," said study author Takashi Ohtsu of Kanagawa Ac...

Inflammation and drugs to control this activity studied in a variety of tumors sites

Inflammation cuts both ways. When invaded by an infectious agent, for example, the body calls on the forces of inflammation to fight and defeat the intruder. But when the biochemical processes of the immune system are either misdirected or chronically turned on, infla...

Internal body clock dictates timing of different types of stroke

...ors. Sleep lowers blood pressure in the body, so cuts the risk of stroke, but low blood pressure is a risk factor for cerebral infarction, say the authors....

Schepens scientists are first to discover angiogenesis switch inside blood vessel cells

...am also found that when PLCg acts on the lipid, it cuts the lipid in two, thus preventing PI3K from using that very same lipid to promote vessel growth. Instead, they learned, the resulting two halves of the lipid trigger a series of signaling activities that caused vessels to regress and disappear. Th...

New strategy rapidly identifies cancer targets

...mutations. The process is highly technical, but it cuts the time needed to find a faulty gene by months. "If you try to sift through DNA, it takes almost a year," said Druker. "This technique takes a couple of months and further automation would make it even quicker." So quick, in fact, that Druker env...

Plant protection from cold decoded

...HOS1), acts essentially as a biochemical gate that cuts off the plant's cold protection, Zhu said. The HOS1 gene product interacts with another gene product known as ICE1 that kicks off the genetic cascade that provides the plant's cold protection proteins, according to the paper. The interaction worked b...

Other patients bear the real cost of Herceptin

...rovides no extra funding and does not suggest what cuts should be made to release this extra money. This leaves medical staff with difficult decisions to make. Doctors at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust and the University of East Anglia calculated that they will have to find £1.9m...

Jefferson scientists find high glucose before surgery raises risk of dangerous complications

...are units. Tightening glucose control dramatically cuts those risks, as well as reduces hospital stays. Because the current study was retrospective, Dr. Mraovic says, drawing firm conclusions from the results can be difficult. The findings need to be confirmed in a randomized, prospective trial. He w...

New system could drastically reduce herbicide use

...layers to the device, according to Tian. One layer cuts the weed, while the second layer applies herbicide...nt, have worked steadily on the system design that cuts the weed and applies herbicide. They have also mounted the curved solar panel that powers the robot....

Scientists discover toxin that causes gastro disease

...rointestinal tract. "It is unique because it cuts an essential component of the cell machinery in half, therefore disabling it," he said. As well as learning how the toxin works, the scientists have also determined its three-dimensional structure, which will aid in the development of treatments...

Selecting life: Scientists find new way to search for origin of life

...mmented Hazen. "In many ways, Hazen's approach cuts to the chase of addressing this problem," said Patricia Dove, professor of geochemistry at Virginia Tech. "By adapting the microarray approach from molecular biology, his research group can identify up to one million types of biomolecules very quickl...

MU researcher placing eye implants in cats to help humans see

...ats. During the surgery, Narfstrom makes two small cuts into the sclera, the outer wall of the eyeball. After removing the vitreous, which is the gelatinous fluid inside the back part of the eyeball, Narfstrom creates a small blister in the retina and a small opening, large enough for the micr...

McBride shows DNA detective work with paper-eating bacteria that 'glide'

...iciently break down cellulose," he says. "One type cuts the long carbohydrate molecule through the middle, while another chews small pieces from the ends." Not so with C. hutchinsonii. Although it efficiently digests cellulose, in DNA analysis it appears to be lacking one of the usual enzymes, suggesti...

Study finds surfing safer than soccer

... their own or another surfer's. "The fact that cuts were found to be less common among surfers during a competition makes sense since it's a more controlled environment compared to a recreational surfing-type atmosphere. In competitions, there are a limited number of surfers in the water during each h...

Bones in motion: Brown scientists to create new 3-D X-ray system

...hics and scientific visualization. The project cuts across disciplines and brings together a diverse team of Brown researchers. They include bioengineer Joseph Crisco, computer scientist David Laidlaw, orthopedic experts Braden Fleming and Douglas Moore, and biologists Stephen Gatesy, Thomas Roberts a...

DNA analysis suggests under-reported kills of threatened whales

.... They initially expected to find that many of the cuts of meat they purchased would come from a small number of whales, but when they used DNA profiling or "fingerprinting" they discovered that their 289 samples came from 205 different whales. Since the government of South Korea reported to the IWC ju...

High-dose anticlotting drug cuts heart attack, death risk in half

...st before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cuts the combined risk of heart attack and cardiac death by half, according to a study reported at the 30th Annual Scientific Sessions of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), May 9?2, 2007, in Orlando, FL. Researchers fou...

Anthrax paralyzes immune cells with lethal toxin, UF research shows

...utting the gas to the motor." Anthrax literally cuts the gas line. The toxin works like a pair of scissors, snipping off the ends of a key protein and preventing the transmission of messages within the cell. As a result, immune cells never receive the green light to assemble the actin motor, Southwick'...

Antarctic icebergs -- Hotspots of ocean life

...ll Sea, an arm of the Southern Atlantic Ocean that cuts into the Antarctic continent southeast of Cape Horn. The icebergs in the study were up to a dozen miles long and more than 120 feet high, with one extending nearly 1,000 feet into the depths. Despite the risks of getting close to these mountains ...

Now, self-healing materials can mimic human skin, healing again and again

...l cracks in the epoxy coating – analogous to small cuts in skin,” Sottos said. “The next step is to extend the design to where the network can heal ‘lacerations’ that extend into the material’s substrate.”...