control

A gene's first 'kiss' sets off that affair known as puberty

...have probably yet to be identified in humans, help control GnRH release in primates." Besides learning that GPR54 and KiSS-1 are expressed inside the hypothalamus of primates at the time of puberty, the researchers also found that by giving animals kisspeptin they could, essentially wake up the reproductive...

Association of herpesvirus with lung disorder questioned

...ulmonary hypertension. All 22 were Japanese. For a control group, the scientists studied Kaposi's sarcoma tis...ertension, whereas the antigen was detected in the control group of Kaposi's sarcoma tissue samples. These data suggest that human herpesvirus 8 infection is ...

A new mechanism of regulating RNA degradation

...or cell biologists and clinicians who want to take control of gene expression in cells to create therapies to...eat disease. While cells have a variety of ways to control gene expression, the trick for players in this game is to recognize them amidst the incredibly compl...

FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials

...or cell biologists and clinicians who want to take control of gene expression in cells to create therapies to...eat disease. While cells have a variety of ways to control gene expression, the trick for players in this game is to recognize them amidst the incredibly compl...

Deficient DNA Repair Capacity Associated With Increased Risk Of Breast Cancer

...ty was lower in breast cancer patients than in the control subjects. Deficient DNA repair capacity was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of breast cancer. In addition, when the data were stratified into quartiles of DNA repair capacity, the risk of breast cancer was three times higher among wome...

University of Manchester makes made-to-measure skin and bones a reality using inkjet printers

...oare unable to grow large tissues and have limited control over theshape or size the tissue will grow to. It also allows more than onetype of cell to be printed at once, which opens up the possibility ofbeing able to create bone grafts."Using conventional methods, you are only able to grow tissues whichare a...

Protein discovery could unlock the secret to better TB treatment

...ch year from the disease. The top challenge for TB control in the European region is multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Eight per cent of the bacteria causing TB in patients are resistant to one or more drugs and one per cent show multidrug resistance. Left untreated, a person with infectious TB of the lungs i...

It's not all genetic: Common epigenetic problem doubles cancer risk in mice

..., Sweden, developed a set of mice missing only the control region for IGF2; their H19 gene was intact. These mice likely mimic the 30 percent of colon cancer patients and 10 percent or so of the human population who have loss of imprinting of IGF2. Only the Princeton mice have been crossed with the APC mice...

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...s. They separated the mothers into two groups. The control group ate as much chow as they wanted during the e...rth, their babies weighed 23 percent less than the control group. After delivery, all babies nursed and all mothers ate a full diet. "By the time the babies w...

Newly-discovered class of genes determines ?and restricts ?stem cell fate

...til the time is right. Understanding the molecular control of these genes has implications for therapies that involve tissue regeneration. The researchers found that Pax3, a gene critical in embryonic development of melanocytes ?cells that make and store the pigments in the skin and hair ?is also expressed ...

HIV Patients May Be at Risk of Heart Problems When Taking Protease Inhibitor Drugs

...he successful treatment of HIV viral infection and control of AIDS. But hopefully our findings will save lives by alerting the physician to yet another side effect associated with this class of drug." Dr. Ackerman is director of Mayo Clinic's Long QT Syndrome Clinic and Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory that...

Research on Worms Yields Clues on Aging

...s stimulated transmissionof signals in nerves that control body movement.Scientists previously had found genetic mutations in C. elegans thataffect both the nervous system and life span. The researchers usedthese mutant worms to further pin down the mechanism by which theanticonvulsants increased longevity.T...

Genome-wide mouse study yields link to human leukemia

...umor suppressor gene. Tumor suppressor genes help control cancer by identifying and getting rid of defective cells before they have a chance to mature and divide. When tumor suppressor genes lose that ability ?as they can if they are silenced through methylation or some other process, it gives cancer a chan...

Novel Enzyme Shows Potential As An Anti-HIV Target

...ccessfully put the brakes on HIV transcription and control the virus (See also “A New Paradigm in Eukaryotic Biology: HIV Tat and the Control of Transcriptional Elongation?/a>. ...

Scientists seek answers on what activates deadly anthrax spores

...r. "The potential importance of such a germination control mechanism in anthrax is clear, as spore germination and outgrowth are fundamental to proliferation." Claiborne, co-director of Wake Forest's Center for Structural Biology, added, "Basic understanding of the regulatory signals that promote germinatio...

Study finds more than one-third of human genome regulated by RNA

...ed by microRNAs. We nowknow that this type of gene control is much more widespread thanpreviously appreciated," says Whitehead Member and MIT professor ofbiology David Bartel.MicroRNAs interrupt a gene's ability to make protein. These tiny,single-stranded pieces of RNA are newcomers to biological research. I...

Marburg virus disease in Angola - update

...e, Holland and Spain) are assisting with infection control and establishing isolation facilities in Uige hosp...South Africa are providing assistance in infection control in Luanda, where training will be provided for health care staff from all provinces in the country. ...

NYU researchers simulate molecular biological clock

...ed by microRNAs. We nowknow that this type of gene control is much more widespread thanpreviously appreciated," says Whitehead Member and MIT professor ofbiology David Bartel.MicroRNAs interrupt a gene's ability to make protein. These tiny,single-stranded pieces of RNA are newcomers to biological research. I...

Novel Therapy Tested in Mice Could Chase Away Cat Allergies

...en into the windpipes of all the mice, including a control group that was not allergic to cats. GFD damped as... in the mice that received GFD were similar to the control group mice that were not allergic to cats. The molecule has the potential to prevent allergic react...

Yale Scientists Find MicroRNA Regulates Ras Cancer Gene

...nd Developmental Cell. The oncogene Ras is out of control in about 20 percent of cancers where it is over-ex...croRNAs, important regulators of development, that control processes determining cell type and cell death. "The let-7 microRNA regulates Ras by binding to the...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

...ll blood vessels in the optic nerves and chiasm as control mice.Similarly, microglia were also found in the nerve and chiasm of mutantmice prior to tumor formation."In our judgment, the fact that recruitment of new blood vessels andinfiltration of immune system cells occurs before actual tumorformation sugge...

Spider Venom Could Yield Eco-Friendly Insecticides

...rse insecticidal compounds that could do more than control agricultural pests. As researchers inventory more kinds of venom and uncover insecticide leads, they may be able to target insects that transmit new and emerging human diseases, such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (ticks) and dengue...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

...s to better predict the dose of drugs necessary to control their seizures, suggest basic findings by research...to reach an effective dose of the medications that control seizures, said David Goldstein, Ph.D., director of the IGSP Center at Duke University Medical Center...

Muscle-targeted gene therapy reverses rare muscular dystrophy in mice

...ess and degeneration of the skeletal muscles which control movement. The Muscular Dystrophy Association and Genzyme Corporation supported the research. Several forms of Pompe disease affect more than 5,000 people in the U.S. If symptoms appear during infancy, the disease is usually fatal. Those for whom sy...

Enzyme shown to help protect genomic stability

...0 contributes. Enzymatic modifications to histones control DNA activation or silencing through the addition or removal of acetyl, methyl, and ubiquitin molecules in prescribed sequences and patterns. One job of Ubp10, as identified in this study, is to remove ubiquitin from certain histones where ubiquitin i...

BRCA1 causes ovarian cancer through indirect, biochemical route

...e gene would allow the cell it's in to grow out of control and create a tumor. Instead, Dubeau notes, "What w...xplains. "So we had some clues that the cells that control the menstrual cycle-the ovarian granulosa cells-have an influence on ovarian cancer." But how? Was ...

In the sea slug's defense against lobsters, confusion is key

...sulting in the usurpation of its normal behavioral control system and a confused response that facilitates th...als serve to activate nervous-system pathways that control feeding behaviors of the lobster. The inky secretion also stimulates other behaviors in the lobster,...

Protein Packages Found To Activate Genes; May Be What Regulates Development And Disease

...d "HOX" genes, which apparently work in concert to control how we develop in the womb. Instead of being activated individually like most genes, the HOX genes appear to be turned on in groups by massive numbers of tags. HOX genes also are deeply involved in cancer, making the findings particularly important....

First 'atlas' of key brain genes could speed research on cancer, neurological diseases

...ctors.?When these genes are altered, thegenes they control can go awry, causing abnormalities in thedevelopme...f Dana-Farber.Transcription factors are genes that control the expression, oractivity, of “target?genes. These factors play a pivotal role in braindevelopment ...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

...26,000 genes used to make proteins that ultimately control the structure and function of every cell in the body. Most disease research has focused on studying these protein-coding genes, even though they make up only about two percent of the human genome sequence. The new study by Gingeras' team did not mak...

Study: Soap And Water Work Best In Ridding Hands Of Disease Viruses

...andrubs will continue to be an important infection control measure, it is important to recommend or require traditional hand washing with soap and water throughout each day. Researchers first had volunteers clean their hands and then contaminated their hands with Serratia marcescens and MS2 bacteriophage. T...

Scientists develop new color-coded test for protein folding

...ticles because they are simple to prepare, easy to control and cost effective," the authors wrote. "To the best of our knowledge, however, gold nanoparticles have not been previously used to investigate the folding and unfolding of proteins." The initial batch of gold-cytochrome solution had a rosy red hue ...

Nanogen Issued Patent for Electronic Microarray With Memory

... Using local memory circuits provides for precise control of the currents delivered to individual electrodes...ng critical voltage information allows for precise control of the biological molecules during analysis and increases data management efficiency by tracking tes...

Gene Vaccine Protects Mice Against Development Of Her2/neu Breast Cancer

...e tumor into mammary tissue in the mice.All of the control mice developed breast cancer but only one mouse ineach of the VRP-neu groups did. In short, 86 percent of mice thatreceived the vaccine were protected against the cancer. The experimentwas repeated numerous times with the same result, says Lachman.Re...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...ccurs naturally in plants and animals and may help control resistance to viral infection, among other functio...ggests a potential connection between RNAi and the control of cell division in cancer." The researchers note that better understanding the mechanisms underlyi...

A comprehensive response to HIV could prevent 10 million AIDS deaths in Africa by 2020

...e tumor into mammary tissue in the mice.All of the control mice developed breast cancer but only one mouse ineach of the VRP-neu groups did. In short, 86 percent of mice thatreceived the vaccine were protected against the cancer. The experimentwas repeated numerous times with the same result, says Lachman.Re...

Papers of DNA Pioneer and Nobel Laureate Francis Crick Added to National Library of Medicine’s Profiles in Science Web Site

...d to developmental biology, the study of how genes control the growth and specialization of organs. In 1976, Crick moved to the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, where he took up neurobiology, his other long-standing scientific interest. He never let up in his passionate pursuit...

Gene Therapy For Parkinson's Disease Moves Forward In Animals

...nce we turn it on, it's on for life. So we have to control it, and we're working on this as we speak. But it'...hen to move. In tests with 31 monkeys, including a control group, scientists inserted copies of a gene to produce GDNF into a region in the front part of the b...

Researchers trace evolution to relatively simple genetic changes

...orm teeth, hair and sweat glands. It also seems to control the shape of - bones in the forehead and nose. No... that we have found are, we think, in the (gene's) control regions, which turns the gene on and off on cue." So it seems that evolution of the fish is based on...

Octopuses occasionally stroll around on two arms, UC Berkeley biologists report

...orm teeth, hair and sweat glands. It also seems to control the shape of - bones in the forehead and nose. No... that we have found are, we think, in the (gene's) control regions, which turns the gene on and off on cue." So it seems that evolution of the fish is based on...

Studies reveal methods viruses use to sidestep immune system

...ses." Further defining how RNA viruses target and control host immune defenses will aid in drug development to combat disease, he said. In the Virology paper, Dr. Gale and his research group found that a specific mutation in the gene RIG-I conferred permissiveness to HCV, allowing it to replicate "like gan...

Why do insects stop 'breathing'? To avoid damage from too much oxygen, say researchers

...ld shed light on when pesticides should be used to control insects -- crucial for the agricultural industry." ...

New studies suggest airborne SARS transmission is possible

...h the virus despite observance of strict infection control precautions. The investigators wondered whether en...ng the importance of strict adherence to infection control precautions to prevent SARS coronavirus transmission in the health care setting. In the Hong Kong s...

New insight into people who 'see' colors in letters and numbers

...nguish the shapes or graphemes, compared to normal control subjects who were tested on the same patterns. How... cortex when viewing graphemes, compared to normal control subjects. The researchers found that the strength of this activation influences the strength of the ...

Tiny scaffolding allows stem cells to become working fat cells

...rt glucose into energy. "If we could learn how to control fat formation in the body, then we could keep people leaner, lowering their chances of becoming insulin-dependent, and lowering the likelihood they would develop type II diabetes," Kniss said. He also suggested that the new approach might have comme...

White blood cell waste disposal system plays critical regulatory role

...ction. A clear understanding of the processes that control neutrophil turnover may contribute to the development of future therapeutics for conditions characterized by abnormal numbers of these critical immune cells. Human neutrophils are white blood cells that are constantly being produced in the bone marr...

Research Using Mouse Models Reveals A Novel Key Player In The Initiation Of Colon Cancer

...on (called the epithelium) and causes them to lose control over their proliferation leading to tumors. Now Klaus Kaestner from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has headed a study that identifies another molecular player influencing the initiation of colon cancers. This study will be publis...

Breakthrough method in nanoparticle synthesis paves the way for new pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

...BN) has developed a novel method to simultaneously control the size and morphology of nanoparticles, which can be used in pharmaceutical synthesis and novel biomedical applications. This groundbreaking research was recently featured in the leading Chemistry journal, Angewandte Chemie, and a United States pa...

Influenza vaccine uses insect cells to speed development

...archer on the study. "The most effective method to control such an outbreak is the widespread use of a vaccine. The traditional egg-based method requires 3 to 6 months to develop the vaccine. With our cell-based method, the time from receipt of the virus strain to the final vaccine product would be shortened...

TEL2 gene cooperates with MYC gene to provoke B-cell lymphomas

... or because the cells suffer mutations that affect control over the level of MYC expression. Excess MYC expression spurs the cells to proliferate. This abnormal behavior then triggers p53 to instruct these overzealous cells to undergo apoptosis. However, such rogue cells can still become fully cancerous if ...

Falling ants glide back to trunk to avoid dangers of forest floor

...ng, or just falling uncontrolled, to being able to control where you land," Yanoviak said. The gliding behavior would be a definite advantage for ants, like Cephalotes, that forage at the outer reaches of branches and are in greatest danger of being knocked off by wind gusts or passing monkeys. There is som...

Unexpressed But Indispensable -- The DNA Sequences That Control Development

... The expression of 20,000?0,000 genes is under the control of an uncounted host of non-coding sequences, which bind transcription factors and thereby regulate when and where genes are expressed. Unlike coding sequences, whose signatures are easy to spot, the characteristic features of non-coding regulatory e...

Scientists discover that host cell lipids facilitate bacterial movement

...d additional insights into how these phospholipids control the cell's actin cytoskeleton. Our discoveries pro...and PIP3 levels to slow the spread of Listeria and control infection in patients who are not responding to antibiotics, although that application is a long way...

UF Researchers Map Bacterial Proteins That Cause Tooth Loss

...eart attack, and the disease makes it difficult to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. If that’s not bad enough, pregnant women with periodontal disease are seven times more likely to deliver low-birth-weight, preterm babies. Proteins are important to study because they are the foundation of ...

Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease moves forward in animals

...nce we turn it on, it's on for life. So we have to control it, and we're working on this as we speak. But it'...hen to move. In tests with 31 monkeys, including a control group, scientists inserted copies of a gene to produce GDNF into a region in the front part of the b...

FDA Approves New Drug to Treat Type I and Type II Diabetes

...) today approved Symlin, an injectable medicine to control blood sugar for adults with type 1 and type 2 diab...in therapy in patients who cannot achieve adequate control of their blood sugars on intensive insulin therapy alone. Symlin will be the only therapy for the t...

Bone Density Recovers After Teens Stop Injected Contraceptive

...male adolescents from 15 to 19 who are using birth control use DMPA, as compared to 3 percent of U.S. women o...tive Injection should be used as a long-term birth control method (e.g. longer than 2 years) only if other birth control methods are inadequate.?The black box ...

Researchers develop rapid diagnostic tool for pathogen identification

...on clinical problem with implications for outbreak control and individual case management,?stated W. Ian Lipkin, MD, Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Professor of Epidemiology and professor of Neurology and Pathology at Columbia University , and senior author of the paper. “However, we envision implementing this me...

Rats infected as newborns grew up vulnerable to memory problems during an immune challenge

...hers injected 32 different neonatally infected and control adult rats with salt water or with bacterial LPS. ...ncentrations of cytokines called interleukins than control pups (they tested 32 PUPS in all). Immune cells release these cytokines, or certain protein molecule...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...bout why some bacteria cause human disease, how to control their spread, and how to treat the infections caus...ion for the development of new ways to monitor and control Campylobacter in the food chain and in human infection. ...