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DNA Molecules Used To Assemble Nanoparticles

...ou can target a wide variety of molecules---drugs, contrast agents---to almost any cell," said Dr. James R. Ba...carrying many different kinds of molecules such as contrast agents and drugs, but the synthesis process is long and difficult, requiring months for each new mol...

Bioartificial kidney under study at MCG

...ese infections also can harm the kidneys. Even the contrast medium needed to study kidney function can be toxic. "I have seen healthy people on antibiotics for urinary tract infections develop renal failure; that's not uncommon, but it's most dreaded in the critically ill patient," Dr. Szerlip says. ...

Association of herpesvirus with lung disorder questioned

... Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo, Japan, contrast with those in a much-publicized 2003 article published in The New England Journal of Medicine that reported the presence of the virus in similar samples of lung tissue from a similar number of patients. Both primary pulmonary hypertension and infe...

Enzyme, lost in most mammals, is shown to protect against UV-induced skin cancer

...genic mice bearingthe CPD photolyase transgene, in contrast to mice bearing the 6-4PPphotolyase transgene, showed superior resistance to the deleteriouseffects of UV irradiation. Not only could CPD photolyase transgenicanimals withstand doses of UV light that cause severe sunburn in normalmice, but they also ...

New, automated tool successfully classifies and relates proteins in unprecedented way

...roteins, suchas shape, texture, edge qualities and contrast against backgroundfeatures. Like fingerprints, a protein's SLFs act as a unique set ofidentifiers. Using a set of established SLFs, Murphy then developed acomputational strategy for automatically clustering, or grouping,proteins based on SLF similari...

Bound for destruction: Ubiquitination protects against improper Notch signaling

...ge in cell fate and amplify it,acting as a sort of contrast enhancement mechanism in cell fatedetermination. Notch is activated bya protease that is present ubiquitously in the cell membrane. What haslong remained a mystery, however, is the question of how Notchreceptors that have not been activated by a lig...

Combination therapy boosts effectiveness of telomere-directed cancer cell death

...that regulates how many times a cell can divide.In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells divide continuously anduncontrollably. Scientists know that cancer cells produce an enzyme,called telomerase, which prevents telomeres from getting too short socells can keep dividing. Telomerase is not used by healthy c...

GATA: a graphic alignment tool for comparative sequence analysis

...that regulates how many times a cell can divide.In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells divide continuously anduncontrollably. Scientists know that cancer cells produce an enzyme,called telomerase, which prevents telomeres from getting too short socells can keep dividing. Telomerase is not used by healthy c...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

...of tumorprogression," Gutmann says. "If we rely on contrast enhancement inchildren with NF1 optic pathway gliomas, we may be treating kids whodon't need to be treated. Using this mouse model, we hope to continueto hone in on more accurate diagnostic, prognostic and treatmentapproaches."Bajenaru ML, Garbow JR,...

Scientists document complex genomic events leading to the birth of new genes

...localization of one of the RGP-family isoforms. In contrast to RanBP2, which is found exclusively at the nuclear envelope, this RGP-family protein was detected in discrete cytoplasmic locations, thereby confirming its functional divergence from RanBP2. Identifying and characterizing genes that are responsibl...

New research indicates a 'troubled' greenhouse is brewing

...e warm, but this new information confirms that the contrast between the rainy season and the dry season will increase dramatically," says Greg Retallack, whose study indicating that a troubled greenhouse is brewing is published in the April issue of the journal Geology. In this case, the word "troubled" refe...

New methods of gene delivery using lasers

...d microscopes. The method is very powerful, and in contrast to other methods the team can select individual cells to be treated at will under the microscope. The new technique involves the violet laser being focused onto cell membranes for a fraction of a second ?this causes the membrane to open up, allowing...

Carnegie Mellon scientists develop tool that uses MRI to visualize gene expression in living animals

...ientists have "programmed" cells to make their own contrast agents, enabling unprecedented high-resolution, de...we can now enable living cells to change their MRI contrast via genetic instructions." "The new imaging method is a platform technology that can be adapted for...

Researchers rein in regulatory RNAs

...enerated multiple transcripts of various sizes, in contrast to a single transcript that is expected under the traditional one gene-one transcript model. Furthermore, the SATs tended to be poly(A)-negative and enriched in the nucleus, which strongly suggests a functional role for these transcripts in gene regu...

New drug shows promise as powerful anticancer agent

...Studies examining normal human cells show that, in contrast to tumor cells, they are not influenced by ON01910. The authors suggest that because ON01910 is highly effective in combination with other chemotherapies and appears to be nontoxic, it may be beneficial for treatment of some advanced cancers that ar...

Nanoparticles offer new hope for detection and treatment

...out 100,000 molecules of the metal used to provide contrast in MRI images. This creates a high density of contrast agent, and when the particles bind to a specific area, that site glows brightly in MRI scans. In th...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

...olfactory cortex by Buck's group indicated that in contrast to the straightforward mapping of inputs from odor...fic locations in the cortex, " said Buck. In sharp contrast to the olfactory bulb, where signals from different receptors are segregated, inputs from different ...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

...olfactory cortex by Buck's group indicated that in contrast to the straightforward mapping of inputs from odor...fic locations in the cortex, " said Buck. In sharp contrast to the olfactory bulb, where signals from different receptors are segregated, inputs from different ...

The biggest family tree ever

...cover through traditional genealogical methods. In contrast to written historical records that can be lost or oral histories that can fall into disuse, the information stored in people's genes persists. Cusanovich had his own DNA analyzed, which helped him trace his family to a time "when the crusaders were ...

Gene keeps neural cells on correct developmental path

...toria Lunyak, a research associate in his lab. In contrast to the tight packaging of neural genes in other cells, REST keeps the chromatin in embryonic stem and precursor neurons open and poised for gene activity. "REST keeps the brake on lightly until a trigger tells embryonic stem cells it's time to make ...

Cousin of Asian super termite invades Florida

...d and dorsal surface of the body are dark brown in contrast to its yellow-brown underside, thereby giving the flying insects a "two-toned" appearance. Termite "soldiers" are characterized by their teardrop-shaped heads and the presence of a pore that secretes a sticky, milk-like fluid. When in doubt, homeown...

'Smart drug' targets deadly brain cancer

...sicians refer to it as a primary tumor. This is in contrast to a tumor that develops in the brain from cancer cells that have spread from tumors elsewhere in the body. Glioblastoma multiforme accounts for more than 50 percent of the estimated 18,000 primary malignant brain tumors diagnosed each year in the Un...

Second messenger NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle

...ere linked to NAADP production," Yamasaki said. In contrast to the hormone cholecystokinin, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine failed to affect NAADP level, even when applied at supramaximal concentrations in terms of physiological relevance and which saturate the calcium amplitude and spiking frequency. In ...

Scientists discover global pattern of big fish diversity in open oceans

...g fish was greatest 50 years ago ?and the dramatic contrast of what remains today. The ocean off Northwest Australia, for example, was once the world's most diverse area for species of tuna and billfish ?and an important tuna spawning ground. Now it is indistinguishable from the rest of the ocean. The loss o...

Novel live reporting system to track cells

...ncrease in iron uptake within the tumor cells. The contrast between the iron content in these and in the norma... visible in MRI without the need for an additional contrast material. This technique has far-reaching implications for monitoring the progress of gene therapy, ...

Specialized immune-system B cells play double-barreled role

... particular type of B cell called the B-1 cell. In contrast to the more conventional B-2 cells, B-1 cells have... localization and types of antibodies produced. In contrast to well-studied B-2 cells, the cellular origins of B-1 cells and their subtypes remain unknown. "Th...

Scientists reveal how disease bacterium survives inside immune system cell

...nthony S. Fauci, M.D. Dr. DeLeo says the findings contrast with what is known about other bacterial pathogens, most notably Staphylococcus aureus, which is of great interest because of its increasing resistance to antibiotic treatment. S. aureus, often simply referred to as "staph," are bacteria commonly fou...

Motor transport in bio-nano systems

...their cargo before they bump into them. Second, in contrast to our cars, which cannot leave the highway when they are caught in a jam, the molecular motors can unbind from the filament and, thus, escape into the third dimension. In order to study these complex patterns of movements, the Max Planck researcher...

Breakthrough: Scientists create world's tiniest organic particles

...e harvested independent of one another."This is in contrast to traditional imprint lithography with silicon, glass or quartz molds where it is difficult to eliminate this residual material between objects," DeSimone said. Particles injected into the body can be designed to be biodegradable, he said. Some are...

Novel plague virulence factor identified

...sily manipulate specific genes in the worm, and in contrast to other animal models, large quantities of the worms can be grown quickly and can even be frozen and used later. "C elegans lives in the soil, so it continually comes into contact with bacteria and other microbes," Aballay said. "It has a highly de...

New Look at DNA Hints at Origin of UV Damage

...sily manipulate specific genes in the worm, and in contrast to other animal models, large quantities of the worms can be grown quickly and can even be frozen and used later. "C elegans lives in the soil, so it continually comes into contact with bacteria and other microbes," Aballay said. "It has a highly de...

FSU scientist warns North Atlantic right whale facing extinction

... of the North Atlantic right whale stands in stark contrast to that of the Southern Hemisphere right whale, whose population is estimated to be more than 10,000 and is increasing at approximately 7.2 percent per year. While there have been efforts to minimize the risk of ship strikes -- mandatory ship locati...

Scientists to mimic nature for newest cancer drugs

... of the North Atlantic right whale stands in stark contrast to that of the Southern Hemisphere right whale, whose population is estimated to be more than 10,000 and is increasing at approximately 7.2 percent per year. While there have been efforts to minimize the risk of ship strikes -- mandatory ship locati...

Scientists track stealth DNA elements in primate evolution

...esis for the evolution of these Alu elements. "In contrast to 'master' genes, 'stealth drivers' are not responsible for generating the majority of new Alu copies, but rather for maintaining genomic retrotransposition capacity over extended periods of time," Batzer explains. "By generating new Alu copies at a...

Six previously blind patients detect light, motion, identify objects with retinal prostheses

...lize the position of, or count the number of, high contrast objects with 74 to 99 percent accuracy," Humayun says. In addition, they could discriminate simple shapes-i.e., figure out the spatial orientation of a bar or the capital letter L-with 61 to 80 percent accuracy. The researchers also noted that when ...

Men Estimate Men's Risks Of Common Disorders Higher Than Women Do, And Vice Versa

...erred to as optimism bias. Our findings suggest in contrast that what may be going on in response to these type of questions is neither an optimistic nor negative bias for one's own sex, but rather a bias towards thinking any health experience, whether positive or negative, is more probable for one's own sex ...

Microscopic brain imaging in the palm of your hand

...e injected with a fluorescein dye ?an FDA-approved contrast agent that is most commonly used for retinal exams in humans. The fluorescein labeled the blood plasma so the vessels in the brain could be clearly seen. There are many different options for further exploration, now that the technique has been succ...

Orientation and the egg

... polarity in the mouse egg. Their findings are in contrast to those who feel that the site of sperm entry determines the orientation of the future body axes. "It would now make sense to base our future experiments on the premise that the mammalian egg neither has nor requires predetermination for successful ...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

...s had no immediate social component. In remarkable contrast to the response to faces, the amygdala response to threatening scenes was abnormally increased in participants with Williams Syndrome (see graphic below), mirroring their severe non-social anxiety. "The amygdala response perfectly reflected the uniq...

'Gadonanotubes' greatly outperform existing MRI contrast agents

...ed a new class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that are at least 40 times more effective t...e have boosted the effectiveness of gadolinium MRI contrast agents by encasing them in spheres of carbon called buckyballs," said lead author Lon Wilson, profes...

New discovery blurs distinction between human cells and those of bacteria

...s have a complex organization," Yeates said. "That contrast is becoming less stark; we are learning there is more of a continuum than a sharp divide. These microcompartments, which resemble viruses because they are built from thousands of protein subunits assembled into a shell-like architecture, are an impor...

Nighttime Dying Linked To Sleep Apnea From Brain Cell Loss

...s have a complex organization," Yeates said. "That contrast is becoming less stark; we are learning there is more of a continuum than a sharp divide. These microcompartments, which resemble viruses because they are built from thousands of protein subunits assembled into a shell-like architecture, are an impor...

Field tested: Grasslands won't help buffer climate change as carbon dioxide levels rise

...s have a complex organization," Yeates said. "That contrast is becoming less stark; we are learning there is more of a continuum than a sharp divide. These microcompartments, which resemble viruses because they are built from thousands of protein subunits assembled into a shell-like architecture, are an impor...

Purdue's gold nanorods brighten future for medical imaging

...d "two-photon fluorescence," which provides higher contrast and brighter images than conventional fluorescent ...non-linear optical techniques" that provide better contrast than conventional technologies. Cheng is applying the two-photon fluorescence and other non-linear o...

DNA size a crucial factor in genetic mutations, study finds

...in the test tube and in live E. coli bacteria. In contrast to this, the smallest and largest analogs in the set were rejected by the enzyme and the bacteria. According to Kool, these results indicate that size is a strong factor determining enzyme efficiency-and a mechanism for allowing mutations into the D...

Displaced songbirds navigate in the high Arctic

... with solar cues. The experiments suggest that, in contrast to what would be predicted by a simple genetic-migration program, both adult and juvenile white-crowned sparrows possess a navigation system based on a combination of celestial and geomagnetic information to correct for longitudinal displacements. Th...

'Smart' nanoprobes light up disease

... described in this study is the combination of the contrast enhancement achievable through an activateable probe with the imaging advantages provided by the brightness, photostability, and tunability of quantum dots." ...

Research Permits First-Ever Visualization of Psychological Stress in the Human Brain

... are ‘tagged?by the magnet and used as the natural contrast agent to measure cerebral blood-flow.?Researchers at Penn’s Center for Functional Neuroimaging have been at the forefront of the development of this technique, and its applications to imaging brain-function during cognitive and emotional processes. ...

Normal chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response

...rofessor in the Regulatory Biology Laboratory. In contrast to damaged strands of DNA, they hypothesize, the repair process never gets fully underway at telomeres. Instead, the very tips of the chromosomes are looped back, tucked in and covered with telomeric proteins. "The cell tries to fix everything to ma...

Life in deadly conditions

... "house pet" of Dieter Oesterhelt's department. In contrast to other salt-tolerant organisms, halophile archae...tioning respiratory chain, which amazingly, and in contrast to other organisms that grow in alkaline conditions, functions with a "normal" proton. The Max Planc...

Ancient anthropoid origins discovered in Africa

... excavated for about four years, said Seiffert, in contrast to a much younger Fayum site, called L-41, which has been explored for the last 22 years by Simons and his colleagues. "BQ-2 and surrounding localities have tremendous potential, which is exciting because they are so much older than other Fayum site...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

...s and metastases, this technology can also deliver contrast agents directly to the tumor to improve detection, as well as tumor resolution and definition. ...

Envisat radar surveillance protects endangered prehistoric fish

...ces and sharp angles have a high signal return, in contrast to that of the surrounding water. Envisat ASAR imagery is therefore being utilised for ship detection in a growing number of activities worldwide, including the protection of Icelandic fisheries through the Improving fisheries Monitoring through in...

Viagra's hidden help for wildlife

...g to a TCM treatment for impotence. "This was in contrast to their behaviour with the other three ailments -...n a Western treatment.". These findings stand in contrast to prior research suggesting a mistrust of Western medicine in Asian markets. "When we proposed t...

How Fruitflies Know It's Time for Lunch

...r hug neurons to inhibit the neurons' activity. In contrast to control flies, which start feeding on a novel food source only after an evaluation phase (they wait a while before initiating feeding), the experimental flies started eating new food right away. These hug neurons may help flies decide whether or n...

Marathon of nano-sprinters

...e filament and then continue to pull the cargo ?in contrast to human sprinters, molecular motors don't get tired. This mechanism has been derived from a new theoretical model, which distinguishes the different bound states of the cargo particle and describes the transitions between these states. Using this ...

Finding rewrites the evolutionary history of the origin of potatoes

...he USDA research scientist who led the study. "In contrast to all prior hypotheses of multiple origins of the cultivated potato, we have identified a single origin from a broad area of southern Peru," says Spooner, who is also a UW-Madison professor of horticulture. "The multiple-origins theory was based in...

Scientists fetch useful information from dog genome publications

...nsiderable breakage relative to other species. In contrast to the 46 chromosomes present in each human cell, dogs possess 78 chromosomes, but each set essentially encodes the same amount of information. "We present a new model of chromosome evolution that accounts for the extensive breakage seen in the dog ...

Dog genome sequenced

...nsiderable breakage relative to other species. In contrast to the 46 chromosomes present in each human cell, dogs possess 78 chromosomes, but each set essentially encodes the same amount of information. "We present a new model of chromosome evolution that accounts for the extensive breakage seen in the dog ...

Access to existing medical treatments could save more lives than spending to improve the treatments

...s and disenfranchised patients. The study poses a contrast between efficacy, or how well a treatment works, and what they call the "fidelity of health care." Independent of the efficacy, fidelity is the extent to which the health care system provides patients the precise interventions they need, delivered pr...