Computed in Biological News

Early detection of lung cancer: New data presented at multidisciplinary meeting

... In one study presented at the conference, Italian researchers compare two computed tomography techniques for diagnosing indeterminate lung lesions, finding that a form of single-photon emission computed tomography could offer an alternative method in situations where positron ...

Reducing risk of hospitalization in the elderly

... decline and disability. "Most methods of measuring muscle mass or density rely on complex imaging procedures, such as using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Those are time consuming and expensive," says Cawthon. "However, we found that much simpler methods such as measuring walking ...

22nd Congress of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Sept. 12-16, 2009, Turkey

... become extremely sensitive, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Contrary to previous concepts, recent research has proven that the adult brain is capable of generating new nerve cells ...

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology: New patient radiation safety guidelines

... these state-of-the-art works are written by thought leaders in emerging topics, such as nanotechnology, genetic therapy and digital detectors in computed tomography. Also included are position statements, defining not only SIR's position on a new technique or procedure, but also the societal position ...

A urine test for appendicitis?

... LRG urine assays and further validate their findings. "Recent diagnostic advances have focused on advanced radiologic procedures, such as computed tomography and ultrasound, but these resources are not universally available and can delay diagnosis," says Bachur. "Although these advances have ...

From cars to cancer: UH professor employs auto industry tools for tumor therapy

... this case, patients will undergo a minimum number of CT scans, and the radiation plans will be developed using the predictive models." Traditional computed tomography sessions, also known as CT scans, require a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images that, when combined, provide detailed ...

Fossils suggest earlier land-water transition of tetrapod

... than trying to remove them -- an action that would have destroyed much of the evidence -- the researchers studied the fossils inside the stone with computed tomography (CT) scanning. Callier "reconstructed" the animals using imaging software (Amira and Mimics) to analyze the CT scans, focusing on the ...

Difference in fat storage may explain lower rate of liver disease in African-Americans

... Starting in the year 2000, more than 2,100 participants provided blood samples and underwent multiple body scans with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to examine the liver, heart and other organs. Body composition, including fat distribution, also was scrutinized. The study found that ...

Freezing kidney cancer: Hot treatment should be new gold standard for destroying small tumors

... results of 101 percutaneous cryoablations on 91 patients who either couldn't undergo surgery or elected the interventional radiology treatment. Using computed tomography (CT) imaging, researchers could view tumors and probes in real time. Interventional cryoablation "has an excellent safety profile," said ...

American Institute of Physics announces awards for best science writing

... to admit I was sort of hoping the odds wouldn't be reduced too far," confesses Cort. "At least not before the airdate!" The latest estimates, computed in May 2008, would seem to afford humanity a collective sigh of relief. NASA now figures the odds Apophis will strike Earth to be a scant 0.0023 ...

Famous fossil Lucy scanned at the University of Texas at Austin

... Ketcham, associate professor of geological sciences in the Jackson School of Geosciences and director of the university's High-Resolution X-ray computed Tomography Facility, one of the world's premier labs for this work. Scientists at the facility have scanned thousands of delicate fossils and ...

Nations that sow food crops for biofuels may reap less than previously thought

... hectare in every possible country by crop combination -- some 3,000 in all. To evaluate his numbers against published yield table values, he then computed a global average yield for each of the 20 fuels, as well as the average yields of each in both developed and developing nations as a whole. What ...

January-February GSA Bulletin media highlights

... from standard karst flow-system paradigms, which describe groundwater movement through fractures and cavernous dissolution features. X-ray computed tomography scans of samples of this type of macroporosity and surrounding limestone matrix were used by Cunningham et al. in lattice Boltzmann ...

UC Davis team refines cancer treatments to reduce potential nerve damage

... established step-by-step techniques for identifying the brachial plexus complex using common anatomical "bench posts" that are easily visible with computed tomography scans commonly used for treatment planning. He then designed delivery contours for intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatments to ...

Red wine may lower lung cancer risk

... health system with self-reported data from 84,170 men aged 45 to 69 years. Researchers obtained demographics and lifestyle data from surveys computed between 2000 and 2003, and identified 210 cases of lung cancer. Researchers measured the effect of beer, red wine, white wine and liquor ...

US Air Force technology helps scientists understand plant root function

... in root water uptake. A single root water uptake experiment with a corn (Zea mays L.) seedling demonstrated the successful application of neutron computed tomography (NCT), with images showing spatially variable soil water content gradients in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Unlike traditional ...

Iowa State University researcher shows proteins have controlled motions

... moved. The large number of reported structures show exactly the motions that are required for their function, and exactly the same motions as computed by Jernigan's model. "This is one experimental case that is indicative, but there are many others," he said. Jernigan believes this research is ...

August 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights

... formed as immiscible liquid droplets within spectacularly hot, fluid magmas called komatiites. Barnes et al. have applied the technique of X-ray computed tomography (CAT or CT scanning), common in medical applications, to investigate the size and shape of these sulphide liquid droplets, and they have ...

Surprisingly rapid changes in the Earth's core discovered

... years, have made it possible to reveal what is happening at 3000 km under our feet. Indeed, for the first time, Nils Olsen and Mioara Mandea have computed a model for the flow at the top of the Earths core that fits with the recent rapid changes in the magnetic field, and is also in agreement with the ...

Biogas production is all in the mixing

... colleague developed a unique mutiple-particle, computer-automated radioactive particle tracking system, computational fluid dynamics and gamma ray computed tomography to see where and under what conditions biochemical stagnant or dead zones occurred. They also analyzed mixing systems, hydrodynamics, ...

Biomarkers allow doctors to match therapy to patient

... cell cancer and 19 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The researchers also monitored plasma levels of VEGF. They assessed tumor response with computed tomography scans according to the RECIST criteria. This is the first study to assess the kinetics of ccEPCs together with other circulating cells ...

Nano-softball made of DNA

... single-stranded sequences needed to be attached to each three-legged junction for the predetermined structure to form. The team synthesized the 20 computed trisoligonucleotides by means of a solid-phase synthesis. The three DNA strands were always attached by way of an aromatic six-membered carbon ring. ...

How is that whale listening?

... on an unusual whale species and have discovered a new pathway for sound entering the head and ears. Advances in Finite Element Modeling (FEM), computed tomography (CT) scanning, and computer processing have made it possible to simulate the environment and anatomy of a Cuviers beaked whale when a ...

Safer, more accurate radiation therapy for expecting mothers

... models, sometimes called phantoms, have been developed worldwide. The data needed to build such models, however, requires extensive X-rays and computed tomography scans. Since pregnant patients are prohibited from undergoing X-rays or other imaging procedures, there has never been enough data to ...

Columbia researchers: Growth of CT scan use may lead to significant public health problem

... NEW YORK computed Tomography (CT) scans are an increasingly used X-ray-based tool for providing a three-dimensional view of a particular organ or tissue. The value of ...

Scientist brings 50 million year old spider 'back to life'

... Zootaxa journal, Dr David Penney and co-authors from Ghent University in Belgium report on the use of a technique called Very High Resolution X-Ray computed Tomography (VHR-CT) to digitally dissect tiny fossils and reveal the preservation of internal organs. Dr Penney, from The School of Earth, ...

Endobronchial valve significantly improves emphysema

... provide an even greater response. Most patients required implantation of three to five valves to isolate the most damaged sections of their lungs. computed tomography (CT) scanning confirmed significant reduction in size of the lung region where valves were placed, particularly among the subsets of ...

A tiny pinch from a 'z-ring' helps bacteria cells divide

... into two microbial sausages that finally split apart. To shed light on this process, the Johns Hopkins-led team developed a mathematical tool that computed the mechanical force exerted by the Z-ring when it helps these cells split. The calculation will aid scientists who are trying to learn more about ...

New thoracic imaging approach can pinpoint underlying venous problems

... (UC) radiologists have developed a new technique for capturing images of chest veins that eases diagnosis of venous diseases. Multi-detector computed tomography (CT) scanners are traditionally used to create three-dimensional images of arteries, the vessels which carry oxygen-rich blood away from ...

AGU journal highlights -- Sept. 6, 2007

... through analytical and numerical modeling, as well as through comparisons with field and laboratory measurements. The latter included X-ray computed tomography of sea ice pore microstructure as a function of temperature. Their study demonstrates that sea ice displays universal transport properties ...

Novel computed imaging technique uses blurry images to enhance view

... magnetic resonance imaging did for nuclear magnetic resonance, and what computed tomography did for X-ray imaging, the scientists say. "ISAM can ... In their paper, the researchers demonstrate the usefulness of computed image reconstruction on both phantom tissue and on excised human ...

3-D ultrasound scanner provides in-depth view of the brain

... scope,” which is inserted into a dime-sized hole in the skull, may be particularly useful for the bedside evaluation of critically ill patients when computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment is unavailable, the researchers said. They report the development in a forthcoming ...

'Virtual autopsy' helps identify drowning as cause of death

... "Virtual autopsy" performed with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) can aid forensics teams in determining if a person has drowned, according to a study published in the June issue of Radiology. ...

Novel system developed to turn data into real-time, interactive 3-D images

... Seeing is believing, especially in medicine. From magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to computed tomography (CT) scan, images of the body’s tissues and organs have become the primary tools physicians use to diagnose disease and make ...

Bones in motion: Brown scientists to create new 3-D X-ray system

... in medical and scientific imaging. Right now, researchers trying to understand the complex motions of bones and joints are held back by technology. computed tomography, or CT, delivers detailed 3-D images, but CT scanners are too slow to capture rapid motion. Cinefluoroscopy, a technique that uses X-rays ...

Study finds surfing safer than soccer

... While public perception may frame surfing as a dangerous sport, new research begs to differ. In the first study of its kind, researchers have computed the rate of injury among competitive surfers and found they are less prone to harm than collegiate soccer or basketball players. Led by researchers ...

Cryoablation -- A new treatment option for some kidney tumor patients

... treat with RFA, with increased rates of technical failures and tumor recurrence. Also, the area being treated cannot be effectively monitored with computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. The Mayo study findings show that cryoablation can be used for some larger tumors with simultaneous operation of ...

Radiologists attempt to solve mystery of Tut's demise

... Egyptian radiologists who performed the first-ever computed tomography (CT) evaluation of King Tutankhamun’s mummy believe they have solved the mystery of how the ancient pharaoh died. The CT images and ...

Ohio University researchers discover evolutionary oddity in flamingos

... into the blood vessels of a bird that had died and was donated by the Brevard Zoo in Florida. A 3-D view of the bird's head was created using a new computed tomography (CT) scanning technique developed by the Ohio University team that highlights blood vessel anatomy. The researchers noticed large oval ...