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Ancient olfaction protein is shared by many bugs, offering new pest control target
...h degree of evolutionary conservation of the Or83b coding sequence among the fruit fly, the medfly (a citrus pest), the corn earworm moth (which damages corn and tobacco), and Anopheles gambiae, the malaria mosquito. When the medfly, moth, and mosquito versions (or "orthologues") of Or83b were expressed in ...Muscle-targeted gene therapy reverses rare muscular dystrophy in mice
...t associated with any known human disease. The DNA coding for the enzyme was linked to a specialized DNA "promoter" region that restricted its activity to muscle. The investigators either injected the viral particles into the muscle or injected it intravenously in Pompe disease mice. Six weeks after muscul...New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works
...cluding regions that have historically been termed coding and non-coding. Affymetrix is now beginning to commercialize tiling microarrays to give the research community the ability to perform these types of unbiased studies as well. By focusing research beyond the parts of the genome that have been traditi...... devoted most of his effort to solving the genetic coding problem, the problem of how genes controlled the synthesis of proteins. In 1961, he and Sydney Brenner reported evidence that the genetic code is to be read three letters at a time, evidence that made possible the full elucidation of the code by 1966...Researchers trace evolution to relatively simple genetic changes
...ow armor, but has no changes at all in the protein coding region. Instead, Kingsley said, "the mutations that we have found are, we think, in the (gene's) control regions, which turns the gene on and off on cue." So it seems that evolution of the fish is based on how the Eda gene is used; how, when and wher...Octopuses occasionally stroll around on two arms, UC Berkeley biologists report
...ow armor, but has no changes at all in the protein coding region. Instead, Kingsley said, "the mutations that we have found are, we think, in the (gene's) control regions, which turns the gene on and off on cue." So it seems that evolution of the fish is based on how the Eda gene is used; how, when and wher...PANTHER Protein Classification System Database 5.0
...and coveringapproximately 90% of mammalian protein coding genes. The Web-basedinterface allows life scientists to browse or analyze large sets ofgenes by their known or inferred biological functions and explore morethan 60 pathways associated with protein families, subfamilies, andtraining sequences using d...Unexpressed But Indispensable -- The DNA Sequences That Control Development
...egulate when and where genes are expressed. Unlike coding sequences, whose signatures are easy to spot, the ...atch is 84%: not perfect, but much higher than for coding regions shared by humans and pufferfish. A quick check showed that virtually all the sequences also ...Children's taste sensitivity and food choices influenced by taste gene
...ates the importance of the identification of genes coding for taste and olfactory receptors. We took advantage of this new knowledge to look at how variation in taste genes might relate to the taste likes and dislikes of children and parents." In the study, to be published in the February 2005 issue of Ped......he right signal from the right transducer by using coding that is almost identical to that used by a cell phone to detect signals sent to its number -- and its number only -- from the flood of electronic signals on the air at any given time. When the transducer captures the signal, it is processed with adv...Program finds lost genes in nematode genome
...is is important for finding exons, which house the coding machinery of proteins. While getting intron length is helpful for gene annotation, the process is 15 times slower than the typical, less accurate methods. Being able to define intron length has implications for the human genome, which is much larger ...Biologists determine genetic blueprint of social amoeba
... sequencing team found that there are more protein coding genes in the organism than they had thought and nearly twice as many as there are in fungi. Their unraveling of the genome also allowed Rolf Olsen, a postdoctoral fellow working in Loomis' laboratory, to generate a tree of life and show that amoebozo...Scientists turn tobacco against cancer
...unology at Jefferson Medical College, inserted DNA coding for an antibody against colorectal cancer into tobacco plants. The plants, in turn, become factories churning out antibody. The report appears online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Standard mouse-made monoclonals r...Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder
...ble to cause congenital abnormalities analogous to coding (gene) mutations." "Human genetic diseases of the skeleton such as sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease provide a starting point for understanding the modulation of anabolic bone formation," noted team members Michaela Kneissel and Hansjoerg Keller ...Novel mechanism for DNA replication discovered
...s first to discover that a protein can provide the coding information for DNA replicationSince the discovery...which a protein, rather than the DNA, provides the coding information. The study offers a specific mechanism by which cells cope with some of the most destr...'Jumping genes' contribute to the uniqueness of individual brains
...have," says Gage. In the immune system, the genes coding for antibodies are shuffled to create a wide variety of antibodies capable of recognizing an infinite number of distinct antigens. In their study, the researchers closely tracked a single human mobile genetic element, a so-called LINE-1 or L1 elemen...Carnegie Mellon University research reveals how cells process large genes
...e especially challenging because they combine many coding segments (exons) that lie between long stretches of non-coding elements (introns). During processing, introns are snipped out and exons pasted together to form a template for proteins called messenger RNA (mRNA). Mistakes in RNA processing can reduce...Reversal of role for a viral protein associated with the development of lymphoma
...e especially challenging because they combine many coding segments (exons) that lie between long stretches of non-coding elements (introns). During processing, introns are snipped out and exons pasted together to form a template for proteins called messenger RNA (mRNA). Mistakes in RNA processing can reduce...Survival of heart patients on beta-blockers varies greatly with genetic variation
...population--for most of the population, the gene's coding sequence will be identical from person to person at all other points. Thirty-nine percent of the population possess a set of beta-2 genes with a C base at position 79, and 16 percent possess at set of beta-2 genes with an A base at position 46. In ...Tagging pathogens with synthetic DNA 'barcodes'
...purposely and completely ignores the DNA's genetic coding properties. He uses DNA, he said, as a "generic instead of a genetic material." By synthesizing three short strands of DNA, each of which is complementary to one of the others along half its length, the researchers can create a Y-shaped structure. C...Modification of program enables prediction of gene transcription
...n starts long before the beginning of the protein- coding region. Most of this extra-long untranslated regio...ittle attention to parts of the genome outside the coding regions, they have discovered some strange functions in UTR that have provoked second and third thou...Huntington's cure in flies lays groundwork for broader treatment approaches
... and Fragile X, in which genes go haywire due to a coding defect. His collaborators on the recent fruit fly work include, among others, lead author Kanae Iijima-Ando of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and UW-Madison assistant scientist Eric Drier. Working with the simplistic genetics of flies is certainl...Retina adapts to seek the unexpected, ignore the commonplace
.... These changes are adaptive, improving predictive coding by enhancing the ability of these receptive fields to pick out unusual features." While manipulating the visual scenes faced by salamanders and rabbits, Meister and colleagues recorded neural signals from the animals' retinal ganglion cells, testing...Drug resistant avian influenza viruses more common in Southeast Asia than North America
...ains. Sequence data refers to the makeup of a gene coding for a particular protein, in this case, the M2 protein. A properly functioning M2 protein is key to the virus' ability to replicate. The St. Jude researchers demonstrated that the largest proportion of Asian drug-resistant H5 and H9 avian influenza v...Grasshopper love songs give insight into sensory tuning
...des ago, a general principle called the "efficient coding hypothesis" was formulated, holding that sensory s...ed with high precision, a large part of a system's coding capacity could be designated to encode these stimuli. Consequently, it may well be that even small s...Scientists move forward understanding of schizophrenia
...k groups in finding this new link between the gene coding for PDE4B and schizophrenia. This new research has the potential for developing novel ways of diagnosing and treating this debilitating disease." Peter Hutson, the Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp & Dohme, said: "Mental illness remains ...New possibilities for flu antiviral and vaccine research emerge from 'Spanish flu' virus
...e Armed Forces Institute of Pathology provided the coding sequences for the eight Spanish flu genes to Christopher Basler, Peter Palese, Adolfo GarcíˇSastre and their colleagues at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. They spliced these sequences together with noncoding DNA from a closely related virus, since...Role of microRNA identified in thyroid cancer
...ble its ability to properly carry out its original coding instructions," says He. Under the direction of Dr. Albert de la Chapelle, a professor in the department of molecular virology, immunology and medical genetics at Ohio State, He and other researchers examined samples of malignant tissue from 15 patie...Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution
... that the deletion of a specific exon, or protein- coding DNA sequence, produced albinism. What remains a mystery is why the same gene should be mutated independently in all three populations when other genes are also known to cause albinism and why it should be the same gene that causes the most common ...Scientists crack code for motor neuron wiring
...ssell. Dasen's functional analysis revealed a Hox coding hierarchy. "He found that the Hox proteins involved in pool identity are different from those involved in column identity," said Jessell. "So from these data, the idea began to emerge that within the chromosomal Hox clusters, some Hox proteins are de...Largest study of human 'interactome' reveals a novel way
...e analysis included interactions among 1,077 genes coding for proteins linked to 3,133 diseases, the researchers report. Significantly, it showed that proteins encoded by genes that are mutated in inherited disorders were likely to interact with proteins already known to cause similar disorders. In additi...UCSD biologists find new evidence for one-way evolution
...ed the study. "If we had not used the genetic data coding for this reproductive mechanism and only inferred the pattern of evolution based on the traits of living species, we would have come to the opposite conclusion and with high statistical support -- that the trait evolved more than once." The scientis...Utah researchers confirm chromosome may harbor autism gene
...e linked to autism. But after analyzing the entire coding sequence of FXR1, the researchers found no alterations in the gene likely to contribute to autism. Based on statistical evidence, they're now looking at other genes. But evidence that a gene on a particular region of chromosome 3 is linked to the di...Molecule by molecule, new assay shows real-time gene activity
...d to be overwhelmed by background noise. The gene coding for this combined protein was substituted for the well-studied lacZ gene in the Escherichia coli chromosome. When lacZ's regulatory machinery allows the modified gene to be converted into a handful of protein molecules, these Tsr-Venus hybrids migrat...Supersized 'island' of resistance genes discovered in an infectious bacterium
Researchers have discovered a cluster of 45 genes coding for antibacterial drug resistance in the bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii, a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The study was reported in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics. "We expected to find resistance genes," said lead...Cracking the genetic code for control of gene expression
...otal number of genes in the human genome. However, coding sequence covers only about 1.2% of the human genome. New codes and grammatical rules need to be resolved in order to understand the remaining 98.8% of the genome. It is evident that genes are expressed in tightly controlled spatial and temporal pat...Berkeley researchers lay groundwork for cell version of DNA chip
...ents with a virtually unlimited number of possible coding options," said Chandra. "The DNA effectively serves as a molecular barcode on the surface of living cells." Whereas the mounting of single-stranded DNA on the surface of a chip and using it as a probe to identify genetic matches is a well-establish...Evolution follows few of the possible paths to antibiotic resistance
...ossible mutational trajectories involving the gene coding for the enzyme beta-lactamase, which in altered form can serve to inactivate antibiotics including penicillin and cefotaxime. Analyzing how well each variant protected host Escherichia coli cells against treatment with various concentrations of antib...Most human-chimp differences due to gene regulation ?not genes
...d rapidly in humans, accumulating changes in their coding sequence as well as in expression rates. "Together," they add, "these findings raise the possibility that the function and regulation of transcription factors have been substantially modified in the human lineage." This is a very efficient way to ma...Evolutionary scrap-heap challenge: Antifreeze fish make sense out of junk DNA
...ural selection from existing proteins when the DNA coding for them duplicates itself and changes over time t...llion years of evolution of life has produced many coding genes and conventional thinking assumes that new genes must come from pre-existing ones because the ......y Department had shown that expression of the gene coding for the toxic protein could be prevented by inserting a plasmid (a small loop of DNA) containing a copy of a specific part of that gene into the amoeba cell nucleus. Introducing the plasmid led to the modification of DNA "packing" proteins, causing t...What's shaped like a pear and has 2 genomes? Check the pond
...onuclear genome, an impressively packaged bunch of coding genes, free of so-called junk DNA (noncoding sequences and other extraneous genetic elements) that litter the genomes of many organisms. "Publication of the Tetrahymena genome marks the culmination of a remarkable collaboration within the research...Rehydrate -- your RNA needs it
...In fact, there are many more so-called non-protein coding RNAs in the cell (around 100,000 in humans), which...ot translated into protein, than there are protein coding messenger RNAs (about 25,000), making these vast numbers of RNA molecules central players in our bod...UT Southwestern researchers find gene mutation that leads to 'broken hearts'
...fruit flies whose hearts glow by expressing a gene coding for green fluorescent protein specifically in the heart. "This fly with a glowing heart enables us to visualize the details of heart development with high resolution in living animals and to detect cardiac defects that have never been described befor......nces can be 10 to 100 times larger than the gene's coding region, mutations are more likely there. A key ...changed. So the scientists switched the two genes' coding regions. Each gene then produced the other gene's protein. Mice born with the switched genes were es...Cutting calories slightly can reduce aging damage
...one of the biomarkers, RNA, which is important for coding DNA and for protein synthesis, is more quickly damaged by aging than the more frequently studied DNA. RNA damage, therefore, could be an excellent early signal to indicate the onset of aging, researchers say. "Because it is more sensitive to oxidati...Jefferson researchers uncover new way nature turns genes on and off
...nisms behind ncRNAs' ability to regulate essential coding genes is through a "transcription interference" me...in the same cells as Ubx, and to regulate HOX gene coding sequence expression. But the researchers found something different: ncRNAs instead can repress Ubx a...Novel EGFR ectodomain mutations in glioblastoma
...f brain tumor. The researchers sequenced the whole coding sequence of the EGFR gene in more than 100 glioblastomas. Nearly 15% of the tumors contained missense mutations—changes that altered the amino acid sequence of EGFR. But the mutations were mostly different from the ones commonly seen in other cancer...Resistance and genetic sensitivity to sleeping sickness
...influence of certain mutations on the DNA of genes coding for particular immune system proteins (cytokines) in manifestation of the disease. This type of study consists in comparing the frequency of a mutation in subjects with symptoms and in healthy individuals. When the frequency of a mutation is signific...Researchers discover mechanism that determines when detailed memories are retained
... a study published in 2005, he discovered a neural coding mechanism that the brain relies upon to register the intensity of memories based on the importance of the experience. The study presented the first evidence that a "memory code" of any kind may exist. His laboratory also was the first to induce a spe...Protein splicing upsets the DNA colinearity paradigm
...encoding DNA. Genes have stretches of (protein) coding DNA sequences interspersed with stretches of non-c... that the non-coding sequences are removed and the coding sequences are assembled in a linear fashion to form the template for translation from RNA to protein...Sea urchin genome suprisingly similar to man and may hold key to cures
...the purple sea urchin is composed by 814 "letters" coding for 23,300 genes. Sea urchins are echinoderms, marine animals that originated more than 540 million years ago. The reason for the great interest in sequencing the sea urchin genome is because it shares a common ancestor with humans. Sea urchins ar...Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus
...ransgene . Viruses are built with a small genome coding for a limited number of proteins (5 in the RYMVs). They therefore need their host's proteins in order to accomplish each stage of their infection cycle. One of the proteins that the RYMV requires appears to be the eIF(iso)4G translation initiation fa...Peering into the shadow world of RNA
.... If their insertion spot happens to be within the coding region for a vital gene, the result can be destruction of the gene, leading to birth defects and genetic disease. Over evolutionary history, this ability of transposons to copy themselves to new locations has helped them to dramatically expand th...Neuron cell stickiness may hold key to evolution of the human brain
...ed that it would be a combination of DNA sequences coding for genes and DNA sequences that control when genes are switched on or off. In this study by comparing the entire genome of many organisms to that of humans we were able to identify a series of human-specific sequence changes that have a high likeli...Brain tissue reveals possible genetic trigger for schizophrenia
...A act by binding to matching pieces of the protein coding mRNA, thus preventing the translation of mRNA to protein. When a cell needs certain proteins, the microRNAs may disconnect, thus allowing protein expression to resume. Using postmortem prefrontal cortical brain tissue of people with schizophreni...The influence of the menstrual cycle on the female brain
...and their projection sites2, is crucial for neural coding of rewards. Its dysfunction can result in disorders such as addictions and is also implicated in various psychiatric and neurological pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenic disorders. Many studies on animals prove that the dopamin...Can engineered immune cells stop AIDS?
... "In laboratory tests, we remove harmful genes coding for the HIV virus and engineer the backbone, or spine, of virus so that it is no longer replicable " he says. "Once manufactured recombinantly, this modified virus ?the lentiviral vector -- becomes a natural delivery system that can transport useful...Primitive yeast yields secrets of human cholesterol and drug metabolism
...s that genetic variations in the genetic blueprint coding for Dap1 may provide clues to how and why different people react differently to certain drugs. “Understanding the molecular underpinnings of so-called pharmacogenetic variation will have a big impact on the future of medicine,?he says.......icate an important role for parietal cortex in the coding of symbolic and nonsymbolic quantities." They also concluded that "crucially, we observed crossnotation adaptation and recovery, particularly in the right parietal cortex, supporting the idea that shared neural populations encode nonsymbolic quanti...Other ContentscolumncolumncolumncolumncolumncolumncolumncolumnvertebralvertebralvertebralvertebralvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselsvesselvesselvesselvesselvesselvesselvesselvesselvesselviabilityviabilityviabilityviabilityviabilityviabilityviabilityvirionorganorganorganorganorganorganorganorganorganOther TagsAwaitPowePowePowePowePowemicmicmicmicmicmicmicmicmicOther Tagsterrible 2terrible 3terrible 4grand 2mammals 2mammals 3mammals 4mammals 5mammals 6mammals 7mammals 8mammals 9mammals 10most 2most 3most 4most 5most 6most 7most 8most 9most 10lost 2lost 3lost 4lost 5lost 6lost 7lost 8lost 9lost 10enzyme 2enzyme 3enzyme 4enzyme 5enzyme 6enzyme 7enzyme 8enzyme 9enzyme 10treatment 2treatment 3treatment 4treatment 5treatment 6treatment 7treatment 8treatment 9treatment 10secret 2
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(Date:10/9/2008)...CT Contrary to conventional wisdom, tropical plan... places on Earth may be threatened by global warmi...cticut Ecologist Robert K. Colwell and colleagues ...ne. , As Earth,s climate has warmed in recent de...d, butterfly, and plant species in the US and Euro...
(Date:10/9/2008)...ard being a mussel: you have to worry about hungry... an environment that can change your body temperat... "It,s one of the most variable habitats on Earth,...pend part of the day bathed in cool Pacific seawat...un." , Gracey led the first real-time molecular ...
(Date:10/9/2008)...zyme may play a major role in anencephaly, offerin...rare fatal birth defect in which the brain fails t...t the University of Illinois at Chicago College of...sue of the journal of Molecular Endocrinology . ...with anencephaly each year. Most do not survive mo...
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