Chlorine in Biological News

UGA licenses invention that kills food-borne pathogens in minutes

... for different applications. FIT will replace chlorine as the new standard for reducing harmful bacteria ... it also is subject to environmental regulations. chlorine may also damage certain seeds and delicate sprouts. "We can't rely on chlorine any longer," Doyle said. "In addition to being ...

New chlorine-tolerant, desalination membrane hopes to boost access to clean water

... copolymers. A patent has been filed. chlorine must be added to water to disinfect it to prevent ... currently to protect membranes from attack by chlorine in water," Freeman says. "We believe that even a ... new materials are extremely tolerant to aqueous chlorine so their performance doesn't deteriorate in the ...

New UGA invention effectively kills foodborne pathogens in minutes

... in at least 28 states and Canada. Currently, a chlorine wash is frequently used in a variety of ways to ... water treatments, many bacteria survive. chlorine is toxic at high concentrations, may produce ... equipment and trained personnel. In addition, chlorine may be harmful to the environment. "We can't ...

Fair trade

... partner dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) to exchange one chlorine atom for a hydrogen atom, forming nearly 100 % of ... the LaCl3 catalyst contains not only the terminal chlorine atoms of the crystal lattice, but also other ... of its hydrogen atoms for one such weakly bound chlorine atom. It leaves behind the hydrogen atom, which ...

New decontamination system kills anthrax rapidly without lingering effects

... the Senate office building of the spores with chlorine dioxide gas cost $27 million, according to the ... inside. The current decontamination standard chlorine dioxide gas kills microorganisms by disrupting ... must be cleaned independently with harsh liquid chlorine dioxide. In addition, people cannot re-enter a ...

Researchers uncover key trigger for potent cancer-fighting marine product

... the way the marine bacterium incorporates a chlorine atom, the key ingredient for triggering its ... product. Previously known methods for activating chlorine were processed through oxygen-based approaches. ... a substitution strategy that uses non-oxidized chlorine as it is found in nature, as with common table ...

Arsenic contamination lacks one-size-fits-all remedy

... level]." Wells are routinely disinfected with chlorine bleach to control pathogenic and other bacteria. ... concentrations. Disinfection of these wells with chlorine adequately removed bacteria and reduced arsenic ... as a way to improve well water quality." chlorine treatment may not be appropriate in all ...

A unique experiment with chlorine -- and a new way of teaching

... about aspects of the chemical element chlorine from its first isolation in the 1770s to the late ... was controversy - something that highly reactive chlorine has been associated with repeatedly throughout ... of matter, starting with the disputes on whether chlorine was an element at all. The second half of the ...

2007 ozone hole 'smaller than usual'

... polar stratospheric clouds leads to splitting of chlorine compounds into highly ozone-reactive radicals ... individual oxygen molecules. A single molecule of chlorine has the potential to break down thousands of ... ozone destructing gases in the atmosphere such as chlorine and bromine, originating from man-made products ...

AGU journal highlights -- March 25, 2009

... in urban atmospheres, can photodissociate into nitrogen dioxide and chlorine atoms. The former is a pollutant, and the latter has been shown to ... the authors find that nytril chloride increases the total reactive chlorine mass by 20 to 40 percent in the atmosphere of southeastern Texas. The ...

European satellites provide new insight into ozone-depleting species

... vulnerable to the presence of certain chemicals in the atmosphere such as chlorine and bromine. In spite of its much smaller concentrations, bromine is ... important halogen species destroying ozone in the stratosphere. Since chlorine levels in the stratosphere have been dropping since the ban on man-made ...

CO2 increase in the atmosphere augments tolerance of barley to salinity

... and imbalances in their nutrition will occur due to excess sodium and chlorine (components of salt) and due to lack of potassium, calcium and nitrogen. ... thesis was to see if the increased CO 2 levels would enable less chlorine and sodium to be accumulated in the tissues of the barley plant. After ...

Food scientists confirm commercial product effectively kills bacteria in vegetable washwater

... Vegetable Wash, not only proved much more effective than the commonly used chlorine dioxide but is made from ingredients like citric acid and distilled grapefruit oil that are generally regarded as safe. chlorine dioxide, whose use in food plants can put workers at risk, was compromised ...

NASA keeps eye on ozone layer amid Montreal Protocol's success

... Center, Greenbelt, Md. "The effect can be seen in the leveling off of chlorine compounds in the atmosphere and the beginning of their decline." Since ... ozone chemistry through computer models. While the data show that average chlorine levels are beginning to decline, springtime ozone depletion in the polar ...

e-Science points to pollution solutions

... that a dioxin molecule will bind more strongly to clay surfaces the more chlorine atoms it contains, irrespective of the position of the chlorine atoms in the dioxin molecule. It also found that binding is stronger the ...

New simulation shows consequences of a world without Earth's natural sunscreen

... 90 percent of the planet's ozone accumulates. UV radiation causes CFCs and similar bromine compounds in the stratosphere to break up into elemental chlorine and bromine that readily destroy ozone molecules. Worst of all, such ozone depleting substances can reside for several decades in the stratosphere ...

Iowa student engineers develop hand-held water sanitizer for a thirsty world

... available in Ghana and other developing countries in the future. "I've spoken with a potential industrial partner, a worldwide distributor of chlorine generators designed for pools and spas, that is interested in the effort. These types of partnerships could greatly expand the reach of the project," ...

Substantial work ahead for water issues, say scientists at ACS' Final Report briefing

... whom Time magazine termed "the Plumbing Professor" and named as one of the top innovators of 2004, also detailed how a change in disinfectant from chlorine to chloramine caused leaching of lead into drinking water. A new study by Edwards and colleagues from Virginia Tech University and Children's ...

Researchers shed new light on catalyzed reactions

... reaction by using a similar molecule called DCE or 1,1-dichloroethene. In fact, DCE is what TCE can become after the catalyst breaks off the first chlorine atom, so by studying the DCE reaction, they are getting a good look at much of what happens with the TCE breakdown. Wong said the study is helping ...

Pitt researchers use fluorescence to develop method for detecting mercury in fish

... that have been oxidized. In testing fish, Koide and his team oxidized a piece of salmon (about the size of a fingertip) in water mixed with a chlorine solution similar to household bleach. The conversion process is safe and relatively simple, Koide said. Afterward, the team added the alkyne solution ...

American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- July 9, 2008

... , a bi-monthly journal. In the new study, Roman Bielski and Peter J. Joyce note that the commonly used pesticide, methyl bromide, is superior to chlorine dioxide for destroying anthrax-causing bacteria and their spores. However, it is highly toxic to humans and may harm the environment by destroying ...

Multitasking nanotechnology

... molecule the electron triggers an often-explosive chemical reaction. PTM radicals are different because their spare electron is shrouded by bulky chlorine atoms that hinder any explosive behaviour. PTM radicals are often highly coloured and exhibit fluorescence in the red region of the visible ...

New study links fate of personal care products to environmental pollution and human health concerns

... the Chesapeake Bay, they found evidence for the activity of anaerobic microorganisms that assist in the decontamination of their habitat by pulling chlorine atoms one by one off the carbon backbone of triclocarban, presumably while obtaining energy for their metabolism in the process. This is good news, ...

Uncharged organic molecule can bind negatively charged ions

... electron density from the carbon and hydrogen atoms closest to the molecule's hole, thereby creating an alluring binding spot for fluorine or chlorine ions. This binding is made all the more orderly because the macrocycle is preorganized to host its anionic guest. "This thing is so easy to make," ...

Engineered weathering process could mitigate global warming

... carry some environmental risks that require further study. Replicating natural weathering would involve building dozens of facilities, akin to large chlorine gas industrial plants, on coasts of volcanic rock. "The least risky trajectory is to significantly cut our carbon dioxide emissions -- but we may ...

Scientists enhance Mother Nature's carbon handling mechanism

... costly and would carry some environmental risks that require further study. The process would involve building dozens of facilities similar to large chlorine gas industrial plants, on volcanic rock coasts. "This work shows how we can remove carbon dioxide on relevant timescales, but more work is be ...

Researchers develop technologies to devour food pathogens

... current technology. A second innovation uses chlorine dioxide gas to kill pathogens on produce, fresh ... interest in Bhunia's technology, as well as the chlorine dioxide work done by Linton and the project's ... the system to dispense the appropriate amount of chlorine dioxide, Morgan said. Enough of the gas must be ...

UCI scientists find chlorine may contribute to ozone formation

... predicting air pollution don't take atmospheric chlorine into account, but the chemical could be ... area over a two-month period showed that daytime chlorine gas levels typically measured five parts per ... as 15 parts per trillion. Observation of daytime chlorine is surprising ...

Scientists find Antarctic ozone hole to recover later than expected

... Southern Hemisphere. The ozone hole is caused by chlorine and bromine gases in the stratosphere, an upper ... a model combines estimates of future Antarctic chlorine and bromine levels based on current amounts as ... information to determine how gases containing chlorine and bromine that have life spans in the ...

Anthrax spores may survive water treatment

... spores in a drinking water system that uses chlorine as a disinfectant. Though researchers have some ... in water with a concentration of 1 milligram of chlorine per liter (typical tap water has a concentration ... says Calomiris. Higher concentrations of chlorine were much more effective. At 5mg/L (a ...

Record ozone loss during 2006 over South Pole

... and the presence of polar stratospheric clouds leads to splitting of chlorine compounds into highly ozone-reactive radicals that break ozone down into individual oxygen molecules. A single molecule of chlorine has the potential to break down thousands of molecules of ozone. The ...

Helping chlorine-eating bacteria clean up toxic waste

... are now in wide use to detoxify such carcinogenic chemicals as perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). They do this by removing chlorine atoms from molecules and leaving less-toxic compounds behind. But D. ethenogenes strains work well at some sites and not so well at others, and ...

New UD technology removes viruses from drinking water

... naturally occurs in groundwater and other sources of drinking water. During the disinfection process, this natural organic material can react with chlorine to produce a variety of toxic chemicals called disinfection byproducts. "Our iron-based technology can help ensure drinking-water safety by ...

NASA's AURA satellite peers into Earth's ozone hole

... Antarctica annually undergoes a seasonal change, but since the first satellite measurements in 1979, the ozone hole has gotten larger. Human-produced chlorine and bromine chemicals can lead to the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. By international agreement, these damaging chemicals were banned in ...

Major new UNC-based drinking water study suggests pregnancy fears may be overstated

... Fears that chemical byproducts resulting from purifying drinking water with chlorine boost the chances that pregnant women will miscarry were not supported by the results of a major new study. If such threats exist at all, which is ...