chicken

Wisconsin scientists grow critical nerve cells

...ng animal. The team will first test the neurons in chicken embryos. While the new results are promising and provide access to critical cells that may one day be used in therapy, it will likely be many years before they can be tested in humans, Zhang says. ...

Influenza vaccine uses insect cells to speed development

..." Today's flu vaccines are prepared in fertilized chicken eggs. The eggshell is punctured, and the influenza virus is injected into the fluid surrounding the embryo. The egg is then resealed, the embryo becomes infected, and the resulting virus is then harvested, purified and used to produce the vaccine. In...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...genome of C. jejuni strain RM1221 (isolated from a chicken carcass) and compared it with the previously seque...s of C. coli strain RM2228 (a multi-drug-resistant chicken isolate), C. lari strain RM2100 (a clinical isolate), and C. upsaliensis strain RM3195 (taken from a...

Drug-resistant bacteria on poultry products differ by brand

...gan a survey of Campylobacter isolates on uncooked chicken products from Tyson and Perdue and from two other producers, Eberly and Bell & Evans, who claim their production methods are completely antibiotic-free. Using both standard isolation methods and new methods modified to enhance detection of fluoro...

Stem Cell Research Shows Potential for Replacing Tissue Damaged in Heart Attacks

...w, the investigative team recently discovered that chicken precardiac endoderm, when cultivated with mouse ES cells, makes them form rhythmically beating embryonic structures termed “cardiac embryoids.?Each cardiac embryoid contains a population of beating cardiac myocytes that is nearly homogeneous. “The r...

Transgenic plants remove more selenium from polluted soil than wild plants, new tests show

...ny flowers in the bud, and that netting and buried chicken wire were used to keep wildlife away from the plants. "One of the challenges in developing transgenic plants for remediation is engineering them in such a way that the risk of gene transfer is reduced or eliminated," said Banuelos. Terry said that ...

Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?

... axon in a new direction or halting its growth. In chicken motor neurons whose ephexin1 was inactivated, the axons grew into the hind limb prematurely, indicating faulty axon guidance. "Understanding these pathways could help in understanding the process of nerve regeneration," says Greenberg, who is also P...

MUHC scientists describe genetic resistance to rampant virus

...e world's most prevalent diseases, such as herpes, chicken pox and mononucleosis. The groundbreaking research published in Nature Genetics last week, provides a roadmap for the development of human therapies for CMV, which could prolong the life of HIV patients and improve the success of transplant surgery b...

Structure-building cell signals also may influence learning and memory

...potentially even in certain cancers. By inserting chicken ephrin genes into rat cells, Fumitoshi Irie, Ph.D., Professor Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., and their colleagues found that when the ephrin subtype EphrinB activated its EphB receptor, a cascading chemical pathway was triggered that ultimately stimulate...

15-year hunt finds cause of pseudothalidomide syndrome

...of the genes to those from chimpanzee, mouse, rat, chicken and zebrafish, and to the gene sequences of the affected family members. One segment of a gene called ESCO2 that was identical in all the animals contained changes that disrupted the gene's protein-making instructions in people with the syndrome. Kno...

First production of human monoclonal antibodies in chicken eggs published in Nature Biotechnology

...ckens. The antibodies were expressed solely in the chicken oviduct and deposited into egg white in concentrat...cing chickens, the researchers first inserted into chicken embryonic stem cells the genes encoding the antibody and the regulatory sequences restricting its de...

Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to develop into eggs and sperm in the laboratory

...rom eggs that came from HESCs ?what came first the chicken or the egg?!" ...

Fragment of yellow fever virus may hold key to safer vaccine

... the weakened virus strain now grown in fertilized chicken eggs. ...

Hospitalizations because of chicken pox down dramatically since implementation of vaccine

...995, hospitalizations and doctor visits because of chicken pox have dropped dramatically, according to a stud...e its licensure in 1995, almost everyone developed chicken pox; thus, incidence approximated the birth cohort, with about 13,000 hospitalizations and 100 to 15...

NHGRI Selects 13 More Organisms for Genome Sequencing

...een sequenced, it will be possible to leverage the chicken genome to get more insight from the zebra finch map. It has been shown that most segments of the human genome originated long before humans themselves. Consequently, scientists will use the genome sequences of the non-mammalian animals to learn more...

Possible treatment found for 'chemobrain'

...een sequenced, it will be possible to leverage the chicken genome to get more insight from the zebra finch map. It has been shown that most segments of the human genome originated long before humans themselves. Consequently, scientists will use the genome sequences of the non-mammalian animals to learn more...

Nanotubes inspire new technique for healing broken bones

...re the atoms are arranged like a rolled-up tube of chicken wire. They are among the strongest known materials in the world. Bone tissue is a natural composite of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals. Haddon and his coworkers have demonstrated for the first time that nanotubes can mimic the role of co...

Molecular mechanism of feather formation found

...t characterized as downy. The more primitive young chicken feathers, which are downy, are called plumalaceous. "We don't have empirical evidence for this yet, but mathematical analyses lead us to believe that the addition of a third signaling factor leads to the development of the more complex pennaceous fe...

UW scientists report a new method to speed bird flu vaccine production

...o disarm its virulent nature - can be seeded into chicken eggs to generate the vaccine used in inoculations, which prepare the human immune system to recognize and defeat the wild viruses that spread among humans in an epidemic or pandemic. In their report, a team led by UW-Madison virologists Yoshihiro Ka...

Drug resistant avian influenza viruses more common in Southeast Asia than North America

...because H5N1 subtype has been spreading throughout chicken flocks and wild birds in Southeast Asia since it emerged in 1997. Between late 2003 and early 2004, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza occurred among poultry in eight Asian countries, causing the death or destruction of tens of milli...

Brazilians sequence genes of pig and poultry killers

... Brazil is the world's second biggest producer of chicken meat. According to the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), which participated in the sequencing study, Brazil produces 7.5 millions tonnes of it each year. Reference: Journal of Bacteriology 187, 5568 (2005) ...

Geoscientists follow arsenic from chicken feed to streambeds

What happened to the chicken when she crossed the road is less important that what happens to what she eats when it is used as fertilizer. Organic arsenic is fed to poultry to prevent bacterial infections and improve weight gain. A little bit of arsenic is taken up by the tissu...

New class of antibiotics effective against drug-resistant bacteria discovered in fungi

What happened to the chicken when she crossed the road is less important that what happens to what she eats when it is used as fertilizer. Organic arsenic is fed to poultry to prevent bacterial infections and improve weight gain. A little bit of arsenic is taken up by the tissu...

USC researchers track down the stem cells that create feathers

...il-feather follicles and transplanting them into a chicken host. (Quail cells can be differentiated from chicken cells by cellular markers.) This demonstrated that only the labeled cells were pluripotent. These s...

Expert dispels bird flu paranoia

...small in Australia and people can still safely eat chicken and keep pet birds, according to bird medicine specialist Dr Bob Doneley. "The chances of getting bird flu off a pet bird or your neighbours birds are so infinitesimally small," UQ School of Veterinary Science Adjunct Professor Dr Doneley said. "...

MicroRNA may have fail-safe role in limb development

...microRNA." Researchers looked at gene activity in chicken embryos and in mice, finding miR-196 silences a chemical important for transferring information from DNA to RNA within a cell - a transcription factor. "It's turning off a transcription factor in the hindlimb that is important for forelimb developme...

Marsupial genome reveals insights into mammalian evolution

...comparison of distantly related genes, such as the chicken and human, can be difficult, because the sequences are so different." "Marsupial and monotreme genomes fill this gap. They are easily aligned with placental mammal genomes, yet are different enough to pinpoint regions that have important functions a...

Birds that make teeth

...k, the researchers show that the talpid2 strain of chicken harbors a genetic change that permits tooth format...researchers realized that the teeth forming in the chicken did not look like mammalian teeth, but resembled those of the alligator, the closest living relative...

Faster immune system testing set to improve poultry quality

...but Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease and chicken anaemia are particular concerns. A simple test to ...lations and we co-operate whenever possible. Also, chicken anaemia virus is a particularly difficult problem in our area and these diseases do not respect poli...

Pennsylvania researchers find liver transplants provide metabolic cure for rare genetic disease

...ir families had lived in fear of everything from a chicken nugget to a common cold. Liver transplantation is not without risks, but for some patients, it is the best option and it has allowed these recipients and their families to live without fear of simple things most people take for granted." Kevin A. St...

Where 'jumping genes' fear to tread

...from the two species. In contrast, the genomes of chicken and fish, which diverged from humans more than 300 million years ago, do not have a significant density of transposons. Given the strong evolutionary conservation of the TFRs, Mattick's group hypothesized that they are regions of significant biologi...

UF scientists restore sight to chickens with blinding disease

...ene through an eggshell to give sight to a type of chicken normally born blind. The finding, reported Tuesda...ctations." The bird -- a type of Rhode Island Red chicken -- carries a genetic defect that prevents it from producing an enzyme essential for sight. The condi...

Researchers identify human DNA on the fast track

... years separating the evolutionary lineages of the chicken and the chimp. Incredibly, since the human lineage separated from that of the chimp, 18 of the 118 nucleotides have changed. This region "stood out," said Pollard. But what does it do? To find out, Pollard began working with the wet lab, led by Sof...

Making a face: A new and earlier marker of neural crest development

... of biology and development reach far beyond these chicken and eggs." Based on work from the 1940's before molecular tools were available, the neural crest was thought to form by interactions between neural and non-neural cell layers. "We show in this work that neural crest stem cell precursors are design...

Innovative method for creating a human cytomegalovirus vaccine outlined

...the herpes simplex viruses, the viruses that cause chicken pox (varicella-zoster virus), and infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus.) Infectious transmission is via body fluids. ...

Origen publishes in Nature a robust and versatile method for creating transgenic chickens

...iple, make any genetic modification desired to the chicken genome, including the insertion of genetic element... of human therapeutics and the modification of the chicken immune system to produce novel human sequence polyclonal antibodies. Moreover, the new technology op...

Scientists find a key to immune system's ability to remember

... other pathogens is why we only get the measles or chicken pox once, and is why exposure to deactivated virus particles in vaccines confers protection from disease. But how that memory system works -- how it acts at the finest level of detail to thwart the pathogens that invade our bodies -- is not well un...

Holiday gluttony can spell disaster for undiagnosed diabetics

... portions of food, even healthy food. Eat skinless chicken or turkey. Use low-calorie ingredients when making treats. Exercise regularly. Go on walks to see holiday displays. If you are an appropriate weight for your age, maintain your weight. In certain ethnicities, such as Asians, even modes...

Embryonic patterning makes the feathers fly

How the chicken got its feathers in the right place is not a Rudya...rning, the researchers set up a cultured embryonic chicken skin model and targeted a variety of potential downstream signaling pathways with specific inhibitor...

Neural networking nanotubes

...uding deposition and resemble a rolled up sheet of chicken wire, but on a tiny scale. They are usually just a few nanometers across and up to several micrometers in length. The researchers built up layers of their SWNTs to produce a film that is electrically conducting even at a thickness of just a few n...

Edible coatings will be the packaging of the future

...ned the application of edible coatings with WPI on chicken breasts. The aim was to analyse the effect on thei...The idea was to extend the conservation time for a chicken breast would go from the current 7 days to 15, but the results were negative. However, a very intere...

'Protecting virus' offers instant flu protection and converts flu infections into their own vaccines

...n their drinking water. One dose should protect a chicken for weeks. Flu is a major problem in the horse racing industry and in domestic horses. It also has very recently become a problem in domestic dogs in the USA and domestic cats are susceptible to H5N1 virus. The Warwick research team has now filed...

Meat and two neutrons -- the key to a longer life

Indulging in an isotope-enhanced steak or chicken fillet every now and again could add as much as 10...the "age-defying" isotopes indirectly in steaks or chicken fillets, for example, rather than eating chemically enhanced products themselves. Shchepinov says an...

Bird sex is something else

... and mice. In several types of finch and embryonic chicken brain tissue, Z chromosome genes were expressed up to 40% higher in ZZ males than ZW females. This contrasts with findings from the mammal samples, where dosage compensation meant that the male: female ratio of X-linked genes is similar to that of au...

Stem cell transplants explored at Stanford as a possible treatment for hearing loss

...ifferentiate after transplantation in the ears of chicken embryos. The two different approaches - new drugs and stem cell transplants - are important because drug treatments are unlikely to help everyone. For some people with genetically caused hearing disorders, he explained, no drug is likely to hel...

Protein fragments sequenced in 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex

...extracts of T. rex bone reacted with antibodies to chicken collagen, further suggesting the presence of birdl...identical matches to amino acid sequences found in chicken collagen alpha I, while others matched newt and frog. For extinct species, the real goal is to fi...

Bypassing eggs, flu vaccine grown in insect cells shows promise

...the production of millions of eggs. Not relying on chicken eggs might also be advisable in case a bird flu pandemic hits chicken flocks hard. The insect-cell technology also simplifies the manufacturing process in another way: A ...

Eating with our eyes: Why people eat less at unbused tables

...ents at a sports bar where an open buffet featured chicken wings during the Super Bowl; some tables were bused and some were left unbused. To use environmental cues to curb overeating and overdrinking, Wansink suggested that college parties could encourage (or require) fresh plastic glasses for each drink ...

Arsenic in chicken feed may pose health risks to humans, C&EN reports

... food additives. An arsenic-based additive used in chicken feed may pose health risks to humans who eat meat ...ne, the most common arsenic-based additive used in chicken feed, is used to promote growth, kill parasites and improve pigmentation of chicken meat. In its ori...

Biodegradable microspheres deliver time release vaccines, stimulate different immune response

...microspheres loaded with ovalbumin, a protein from chicken eggs, and measured immune reponse. While mice exh...ost effective, such as tetanus, whooping cough and chicken pox. "The slow release mechanism of the polymers means that vaccines that currently require mult...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

...east and chicken, namely the yeast mating loci and chicken globin locus. To see if insulators play a role in silencing viral genes during the latent phase, Zhou and his group studied cells infected with HSV-1. The studies showed that during a latent period, the virus binds to a host protein called CTCF, a...

New vaccine prevents CMV infection and disease in mice

...ich are also found in other herpes viruses such as chicken pox or herpes simplex – have the same or very similar sequence, structure and function whether in human or mouse viruses, and present a novel target for the host’s T-cells to muster forces and attack the virus. Secondly, the vaccine also contains a “...