Cessation in Biological News

New genetic research into nicotine addiction shows promise for personalized treatment

... the enzyme known to metabolize both the smoking cessation drug bupropion and nicotine is highly genetically ... is a step toward being able to tailor smoking cessation treatment to individuals based on their unique ... that appears to affect the outcome of smoking cessation treatment, said Rachel Tyndale, Section Head of ...

Early cessation of breastfeeding by HIV+ women in poor countries and child survival

... in the July 10 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine , abrupt cessation of breast-feeding by HIV+ mothers after the first four months of life did ... in the few feedings that remain. "These results suggest that early, abrupt cessation of breast-feeding for HIV-infected women in low-resource settings should ...

Women's health-related scientific findings presented by University of Pittsburgh researchers

... and other caregivers are far more comfortable discussing smoking cessation than they are alcohol or illegal drug use during pregnancy. For the study, ... the adverse effects of smoking and related resources for smoking cessation compared to other risk factors. Provider responses to alcohol or drug ...

Smoking turns on genes -- permanently

... this group identified genes that fell into three categories following cessation of smoking: reversible (TFF3, encoding a structural component of mucus; ... genes and functions which do not revert to normal levels upon smoking cessation may provide insight into why former smokers still maintain a risk of ...

C. difficile spores spread superbug

... Institute and senior author on the study. "After a short course most mice had dropped back to normal spore shedding levels around two weeks after cessation of the treatment. But after long term exposure to antibiotics some of the mice remained in their 'supershedder' state for weeks or even longer after ...

Yale study: Most polluted ecosystems recoverable

... analyzed data derived from peer-reviewed studies conducted over the past century that examined the recovery of large ecosystems following the cessation of a disturbance. The studies measured 94 variables that were grouped into three categories: ecosystem function, animal community and plant ....

Health choices predict cancer survival, U-M study finds

... For example, smokers might also be heavy drinkers, making it more difficult to quit. It's not enough, Duffy points out, to refer someone to a smoking cessation program if alcohol is a major underlying problem. In addition, previous research has associated many of these health behaviors with preventing ...

Chantix side effects no worse with depression history

... patients on this drug." Varenicline is the latest drug the FDA has approved to help tobacco users quit. It seems more effective than other cessation medications, McClure explained, but post-marketing surveillance and case reports have raised concerns about its side effects. These include ...

1 drug may help people both lay down the drink and put out the cigarette

... A popular smoking cessation drug dramatically reduced the amount a heavy drinker will consume, a new Yale School of Medicine study has found. Heavy-drinking smokers in a ...

Unexpected large monkey population discovered

... According to WCS, a combination of factors account for such high numbers of primates: successful long-term management of the conservation area; cessation of logging activities; a nation-wide gun confiscation program implemented in the 1990s; and habitat where there is plenty of food. The report says ...

Killer whales, blind bats, discriminating dolphins, mating birds

... using passive acoustic monitoring of their echolocation clicks. The tagged beaked whale responded to both sonar and killer whale sounds by premature cessation of clicking during foraging dives, and an unusually slow and long ascent. [Papers 1aID1 and 1pAB3] Several other scientists who conduct research ...

World-class environment vision to 'bring back the species'

... Dr Paton says. "Ten species are already extinct in the Mt Lofty Ranges and a further 60 species continue to decline in numbers despite the cessation of vegetation clearance in the 1980s. Climate change will exacerbate these losses," he says. "This will be a terrible loss for all South ...

February Geology and GSA Today media highlights

... reorientation of the spreading axes. The entire transition was accommodated by non-rigid plate deformation along the plate boundary prior to the cessation of magmatism. Probable low-angle thrust earthquakes on the Juan de FucaNorth America plate boundary Anne Trhu et al., Oregon State ...

Stevens Health, Technology, and Society roundtable: Oct. 31

... Roundtable participants will discuss the role of mobile information system platforms, portable spirometry, web-based specialist networks, smoking cessation efforts, nursing home and home care organization support, nutrition and exercise, and other related factors. Approximately 20 million Americans ...

NIDA study identifies genes that might help some people abstain from smoking

... Jed Rose at the Center for Nicotine and Smoking cessation Research at Duke University Medical Center. The ... This knowledge could impact the success rate of cessation programs by helping health care providers choose ... more genetic variants associated with smoking cessation success,?says Dr. Volkow. “We soon may be able to ...

PET imaging shows young smokers quick benefit of quitting

... Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan. "Smoking cessation normalized abnormal coronary artery function, ... young smokers," noted the co-author of "Smoking cessation Normalizes Coronary Endothelial Vasomotor ... stopped smoking, "supporting the value of smoking cessation for prevention of coronary artery disease ...

Important gene controlling tree growth and development found

... critical daylength the tree responds with growth cessation and bud set. The further north the trees grow the ... flowering time of trees and the time for growth cessation and bud set in the fall, has been identified by a ... also determine the mechanisms involved in growth cessation and bud set in the fall. This knowledge is vital ...

Scientists discover that ancient genes dictate flowering, fall bud set

... Controls Timing of Flowering and Seasonal Growth cessation in Trees," by Henrik Bohlenius, Tao Huang, ... in trees, but also controls seasonal growth cessation and bud set," said Nilsson, the corresponding ... looked at the genetics that signal fall growth cessation and bud set in trees. They discovered that CO ...

Quitting smoking improves lung function considerably

... improvement in lung function seen after smoking cessation was clinically significant," said Dr. Thomson. ... "The degree of improvement noted for smoking cessation far exceeds that of high-dose anti-inflammatory ... findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation for adults with asthma. ...

Many smokers fail to quit after cancer diagnosis

... of the American Cancer Society, says smoking cessation is an underutilized tool in cancer management and ... to provide a comprehensive overview of smoking cessation and cancer, in particular, guidelines and ... Clinical guidelines for generalized smoking cessation intervention strategies from the U.S. Department ...

Brain Scan Study of Smokers Reveals Signature of Craving

... at the Duke Center for Nicotine and Smoking cessation Research and lead author of the study. ... of the Duke Center for Nicotine and Smoking cessation Research. Smokers who exhibit greater ... to nicotine-free cigarettes prior to smoking cessation may help extinguish the connection between ...

Better health twice as likely for nonsmokers who live and work with smoking restrictions

... professor of clinical Sociomedical Sciences, director of the Tobacco cessation Program, and co- investigator of the research with principal investigator ... a dual goal, to protect the health of nonsmokers and to increase smoking cessation among smokers. Since smoke-free public places appear to facilitate the ...

Discovery may speed forest biotechnology

... knew what genes were involved in the initiation of tree flowering or the cessation of growth in the fall," said Steven Strauss, a professor of forest ... the researchers found that the CO/FT combination also controlled the cessation of vegetative tree growth in the fall ?something that Arabidopsis plants, ...

Cancer patients monitor fatigue in real time

... are studying fatigue in cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplants using a method successfully used to monitor behaviors such as smoking cessation and alcohol use. The method is called "ecological momentary assessment" (often referred to as real-time assessment), which provides an instant ...

The effects of smoking on fractures and ligament injuries

... effects on fracture healing, which should be addressed in future studies. They conclude: "Clinically, if specific events can be identified, smoking cessation in humans, even temporarily, may improve or speed the healing process after injury and decrease the significant morbidity associated with cigarette ...

New research identifies gene important for nicotine's effects on the brain

... cravings many years later or even start smoking again." Picciotto hopes her findings lead to the development of new targets for smoking cessation therapies. However, it will not be easy to target the signaling molecules manipulated in this study in human smokers. "They are not just in nerve ...

Successful lung cancer surgery not enough to break nicotine dependence in many smokers

... two weeks of their operation," Walker says. "We are not certain what to make of the finding about education, because no other study about smoking cessation has reached that conclusion." How long patients quit before surgery may have been influenced by their "self efficacy" for quitting, he says. ...

Smoking changes brain chemistry

... in Germany. Dr. Gür and colleagues used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study 21 men and 22 women, age 21 to 59, in a smoking cessation program two weeks after quitting and again six months later. Patients were encouraged to use nicotine patches during the initial six weeks of smoking ...

Green tea and the 'Asian Paradox'

... green tea consumption is a useful dietary habit to lower the risk for, as well as treat, a number of chronic diseases. Certainly, however, smoking cessation is the best way to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer." ...

Nicotine triggers the same brain reward circuitry as opiates

... studies of opioid receptor blockers to relieve cigarette cravings "so far have produced mixed results, ranging from ineffectiveness at smoking cessation to mild reduction in the desire to smoke." The researchers wrote that their findings "suggest that the timing and context of opioid receptor ...