central

Needling Chromosomes Reveals Cell Division Secret

...makes up genes in the cell, replicates itself as a central process inchromosome duplication."So, we’re left with the mystery of what molecules hold the chromatidstogether at this point in cell division,?Nicklas said. "But that’s theusual outcome of work in my laboratory and a sign that we're doing goodscienc...

Critical role in programmed cell death identified

... for each of the different factors involved in the central cell killing apparatus. Mammals on the other hand ... after birth, more than half are eliminated in the central nervous system in mammals: "It's a common safeguard, to ensure that neurons talk to the right neighb...

Alcohol's effects on gene expression in the central nervous system

Alcohol's primary target is the central nervous system (CNS), where it influences neurotransmission to produce intoxication. Scientists can now use microarray technology to study brain function gene by gene. Symposium proceedings published in the February issue of Alcoholism: Clinical &...

Beyond lithium for bipolar disorder

...r disorder. PACAP protein is found throughout the central nervous system, said the researchers. They cited studies demonstrating that mice in which the gene is knocked out show hyperactivity and defects in their circadian (day-night) behavior--both also characteristic of humans with bipolar disorder. Also, ...

Breast Cancer May Be 'Uniquely Sensitive' To Inhibitors Of PI3K Pathway

...ps,?says Mills. “But Iand others believe there are central nodes between these intersectingcircles that can be effectively targeted with drugs.?Only one PI3K pathway inhibitor is in use to date, but others areincreasingly being developed and tested, says Mills, who is discussingthe importance of this pathway...

Genetic Variation Visualization - From EMBL

...ps,?says Mills. “But Iand others believe there are central nodes between these intersectingcircles that can be effectively targeted with drugs.?Only one PI3K pathway inhibitor is in use to date, but others areincreasingly being developed and tested, says Mills, who is discussingthe importance of this pathway...

New Mixing Method for Microchip-Sized Labs

...ps,?says Mills. “But Iand others believe there are central nodes between these intersectingcircles that can be effectively targeted with drugs.?Only one PI3K pathway inhibitor is in use to date, but others areincreasingly being developed and tested, says Mills, who is discussingthe importance of this pathway...

Examination of internal 'wiring' of yeast, worm, and fly reveals conserved circuits

...nsidered an initial step in the development of the central nervous system, would not be needed by lower organisms, such as yeast, which don't have nerves. Ideker predicted that protein-interaction studies will soon become indispensable tools for biologists seeking a better understanding of all cellular func...

How an AIDS-Related Cancer Unleashes Inflammation

...s that trigger the cell's inflammatory response. A central question, he said, has been how does the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus that causes KS initiate cytokine production? "While there are many genes in the viral genome that are capable of inducing cytokine production, the mechanism underlying ...

Ophthalmologists Use Artificial Silicon Retina Microchip To Treat Vision Loss

...rowing of their visual fields down to a very small central circle, and all patients in the study are legally blind," says Pollack. The Artificial Silicon RetinaTM (ASR) was invented by Dr. Alan Chow, pediatric ophthalmologist and Rush faculty member, who developed the chip and founded Optobionics, with his ...

Antibiotic might fight HIV-induced neurological problems

... alleviate HIV's negative effects on the brain and central nervous system, problems that can develop even tho...ls, less brain inflammation, and less virus in the central nervous system than six infected monkeys that received no treatment, the researchers report in the A...

Ophthalmologists implant five patients with artificial silicon retina microchip

...rowing of their visual fields down to a very small central circle, and all patients in the study are legally blind," says Pollack. The Artificial Silicon RetinaTM (ASR) was invented by Dr. Alan Chow, pediatric ophthalmologist and Rush faculty member, who developed the chip and founded Optobionics, with his ...

Rats infected as newborns grew up vulnerable to memory problems during an immune challenge

...tes within the hippocampus, which in turn help the central nervous system respond to injury or infection. Because astrocytes also help to determine the number and connectivity of nervous system synapses early in life, especially the first week after birth in rats, they may be involved in the ability to learn...

Nonlinear Dynamics announces more details of its global partnership with PerkinElmer

...s positive assertion by PerkinElmer of Nonlinear's central role within its proteomics strategy. Together we have a number of new initiatives which we are already working on. We are confident that the extensive fruits of this relationship will continue to benefit the proteomics community for many years to com...

Mayo Clinic Researchers Create 'Obedient Virus'; First Step To Use Measles Virus Against Cancer

.... This tag is the key innovation of their work and central to the success of the team's investigation. It enables researchers to grow retargeted measles virus on special "universal substrate cells" -- while at the same time conserving the viral component for targeting and destroying tumors. Mass production o...

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

...r even decades. "The p300 protein is an important central regulator of gene activity in lymphocytes and many other kinds of cells," says Michael Lairmore, professor and chair of veterinary biosciences and a member of the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center ?Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove ...

New component of the 'brakes' on nerve regeneration found

...have no such machinery and can readily regenerate, central nervous system (CNS) neurons have their brakes firmly in place and locked. Now, two groups of scientists have independently found a new component of that braking machinery, adding to understanding of the regulation of neuronal regeneration and of po...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

... life-threatening fungus C. neoformans invades the central nervous system to cause disease, most commonly in patients who lack a functioning immune system, such as organ transplant recipients, those with HIV/AIDS, and patients treated with steroids or cancer chemotherapy. The fungus' global importance as a h...

Promising new West Nile therapy cures disease in mice

...ike illness, while in others the virus invades the central nervous system and causes paralysis or coma. "We could give this antibody to mice as long as five days after infection, when West Nile virus had entered the brain, and it could still cure them," says Washington University senior investigator Michael ...

Love's all in the brain: fMRI study shows strong, lateralized reward, not sex, drive

...associated with the motivation to win rewards, are central to the experience of being in love." Brown noted that "an important concept is that the caudate probably integrates huge amounts of information, everything from early personal memories to one's personal notions of beauty. Then, this brain region (an...

Infants With Rare Genetic Disease Saved by Cord Blood Stem Cells

...d blood stem cells repair deficiencies in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, said Kurtzberg. Thus, disease progression stabilizes about 2 to 4 months earlier in patients who receive cord blood compared to those who receive adult bone marrow, and huge developmental milestones occur during that ...

Same-Sex Mating Discovered in a Toxic Fungus

... life-threatening fungus C. neoformans invades the central nervous system to cause disease, most commonly in immune-compromised patients such as organ transplant recipients and cancer patients -- whose immune systems are crippled by immunosuppressive drugs or chemotherapy -- and people with HIV/AIDS. The fun...

Canada approves marijuana-based pain spray

...le sclerosis (MS) in Canada MS is a disease of the central nervous system and is the most common neurological disease affecting young adults in Canada. Approximately 50,000 Canadian men and women have the disease and each day approximately three more people are diagnosed. MS is most often diagnosed in people...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

...F2 is regulated by ATM and that this regulation is central to the cell's ability to initiate DNA repair processes following ionizing irradiation or other exposures that cause breaks in DNA. A likely way in which ATF2 works is to halt the cell's cycle to allow repair of damaged DNA before such damage becomes ...

Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication

...," Eckert says. The upper level served as command central for the four-week experiment--a high-tech headquar...uld be deployed at remote waterholes or ideally in central Africa, where it's hard to conduct an aerial census because of the dense forest canopy." Human-gene...

Genetic therapy reverses nervous system damage in animal model of inherited human disease

...s. This is the first genetic disease affecting the central nervous system to be successfully treated in an animal larger than mice and rats. If this approach can be successfully applied to humans, say the researchers, it might one day treat an entire class of diseases called lysosomal storage disorders which...

Elephant seal pups suffer from ocean warming

...again in 2000. The pups, from a rookery located in central California, were weighed within 10 days of weaning. Le Boeuf and Crocker's results show that the pups' mean weaning weight declined from 146 kg in 1976 to 115 kg in 1999. This coincided with an increase in mothers' foraging time of about 36% (as well...

After a time-shift, mixed signals from the circadian clock

...physiology, and biochemistry are controlled by the central clock within a brain structure known as the suprac...ronous adaptation by the neurons that comprise the central circadian clock--rather, that different components of the clock tend to adapt to a shifted light sch...

Man-made wetland's effectiveness similar to natural marsh

...is located in prime agricultural territory in west central Ohio ?on the shores of Great Miami River, a tributary that flows into a local lake and then on to the Ohio River, which drains to the Mississippi River. The researchers studied the wetland for two years, collecting and analyzing water samples twice ...

Oldest cranial, dental and postcranial fossils of early modern European humans confirmed

...ed. The dating shows that the Mladec assemblage is central to discussions of modern human emergence in Europe and the fate of the Neandertals. The Mladc remains are universally accepted as those of early modern humans. However, there has been an ongoing debate as to whether they also exhibit distinctive arc...

Infants with Rare Genetic Disease Saved By Cord Blood Stem Cells

...d blood stem cells repair deficiencies in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, said Kurtzberg. Thus, disease progression stabilizes about 2 to 4 months earlier in patients who receive cord blood compared to those who receive adult bone marrow, and huge developmental milestones occur during that ...

Molecular thermometers on skin cells detect heat and camphor

...ytes, unlike neurons, have no direct link with the central nervous system. Keratinocytes do, however, touch nerve fibers, and it may be through these contacts that the signals are communicated. Investigations into this possibility are ongoing. ### To read the article, "Impaired Thermosensation in Mice Lack...

To Stop Evolution: New Way Of Fighting Antibiotic Resistance Demonstrated By Scripps Scientists

...ands of deaths in Central America, South Asia, and central and southern Africa. Treating multiple drug-resistant bacterial infections can be a hundred times more expensive than treating normal infections, and the WHO estimates the total cost of treating all hospital-borne antibiotic resistant bacterial infe...

Butterfly migration could be largest known

... More waves of butterflies are likely to appear in central California over the next few weeks as the insects take wing. Painted lady butterflies, known by the scientific name Vanessa cardui, spend the winter in the desert. As caterpillars turn into adults in the spring, they migrate north in search of fresh...

Remote control flies? Fly behavior controlled by laser light

... scientists designed and installed in the insects' central nervous systems, according to a new report in the 8 April issue of the journal Cell. Susana Lima and Gero Miesenböck hope that the remote control system will provide a valuable way to study how nerve-cell activity and connections are related to spec...

Internet viruses help ecologists control invasive species

... that another lake in the network, Lake Muskoka in central Ontario, has served as the hub from which 39 other lakes have become infected since 1989. "It quickly developed into a regional hub for two reasons. First, all of its outbound traffic was to non-invaded lakes and second, the total amount of traffic l...

Scientists analyze chromosomes 2 and 4

...tin, which is 33,000 amino acids long. One of the central goals of the effort to analyze the human genome is the identification of all genes, which are generally defined as stretches of DNA that code for particular proteins. The new analysis confirmed the existence of 1,346 protein-coding genes on chromosom...

Rabies spread speeds up

... rabies would take just 33 months to spread across central Ohio - compared to 48 months to cross the much smaller state of Connecticut - and cover the state within 41 months. This transmission rate - 100 kilometers/year - significantly surpasses previous estimates, which range from 30 to 60 kilometers/year. ...

Natural Killers Could Lead to New Hepatitis Treatments

...rotein. Although the CXCR6 receptor is known to be central to the function of NKT cells, its overall role was not known, said Littman. Working with Geissman, Cameron adapted a technique called intravital fluorescence microscopy that enabled them to observe in real time the behavior of the tagged cells in th...

Researchers Identify Cause of Early Bird Sleep Disorder

...n addition, "these results show that the gene is a central component of the mammalian circadian clock, and suggest that mammalian and fly clocks may have different regulatory mechanisms, despite the highly conserved nature of their individual components," the research team wrote in Nature. Such studies may h...

15 generations of untrained jocks, couch potatoes show big physiological adaptations

...ipheral improvements (skeletal muscle) rather than central physiological changes in the cardiovascular or res...5 'athletic' rats had increased performance due to central changes in oxygen delivery." Specifically, the running rats had improved cardiovascular systems (pro...

Scientists map the world for nature conservation

...n planners and those engaged in basic research. A central innovation here is the breakdown of data by vegetation zone. Tropical rainforests are, unsurprisingly, shown to be among the most species-rich areas on earth. Indeed, Borneo's lowland rainforest is the most diverse of all, with around 10,000 plant sp...

Researchers reveal secret of key protein in brain and heart function

...fective treatments." SAP97 is found mainly in the central nervous system and is known as a "scaffolding" protein. In this role, it serves as a sort of tether, grabbing proteins inside the cell critical to nerve signaling and keeping them close to N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptors at the cell surface. NMD...

Discovery could be key to bioterrorism defense

...nates in bats. Ephrin-B2 is found on cells in the central nervous system, as well as in cells lining blood vessels. It is essential for central nervous system development and blood vessel growth in the embryos of humans and other mammals. Brod...

How exactly does the brain control breathing?

...l fluid; this is deemed an essential property of a central chemoreceptor. Richerson, on the other hand, stipulates that central chemoreceptors are found close to the midline blood vessels of the brainstem allowing them to 'taste...

Stem cell treatment improves mobility after spinal cord injury

...al for maintenance of electrical conduction in the central nervous system. When myelin is stripped away throu... treat chronic injuries and other disorders of the central nervous system. In previous studies, Keirstead and colleagues identified how the body's immune syst...

Circulating stem cells play small role in lung repair

...pe II pneumocytes in the lungs are known to play a central role, but the role of the bone marrow-derived version of the cells is less clear. "The lung has received relatively little investigation in this area," Zander said. "It's a challenging organ to study because the air-tissue interfaces make it difficu...

Candida albicans Genome Fully Annotated

...pe II pneumocytes in the lungs are known to play a central role, but the role of the bone marrow-derived version of the cells is less clear. "The lung has received relatively little investigation in this area," Zander said. "It's a challenging organ to study because the air-tissue interfaces make it difficu...

Researchers discover stem cell 'guide' that may be key for targeting neural stem cell treatments

...d cavities in both brain hemispheres connected the central canal of the spinal cord. Zhou and his colleagues discovered how PK2 guides the migration of neurons born from neural stem cells from the subventricular zone in the brain's core through mature tissue to reach the olfactory bulb, the "smell" part of ...

Novel live reporting system to track cells

... barriers, including embryonic development and the central nervous system." ...

Researchers find first evidence of venom system in extinct mammal

A tiny fossil found more than 10 years ago in central Alberta has proved to be the key to answering a lo...re fortunate that we are able to work where we do; central Alberta is one of the richest areas of the world to uncover the types of fossils that we're interest...

Poaching, logging, and outbreaks of Ebola threaten central African gorillas and chimpanzees

... lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and the central African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) that share the same habitat in six countries. The plan represents an urgent appeal to the international community for immediate action, before the damage is irreversible. While the experts were unabl...

Genetic links could unlock clues to leading cause of blindness

...-like specks to build up in the eye, chipping away central vision over time. But Dawson said most people don't even realize something is wrong until they detect changes in their vision. The disease can be controlled, but there is no known way to reverse the vision loss it causes. Knowing more about the earl...

Achilles heel of the herpes virus possibly found

...an get into most kinds of cells. "This may be one central part of the Achilles' heel in interactions of herpes virus with a cell to start infection. We can use the receptor molecule to try to understand the process and perhaps combat infection at this vulnerable site," says A. Oveta Fuller, Ph.D. the leader...

Researchers use 3-D imaging system to unveil swimming behavior of microscopic plankton

...echanisms that produce zooplankton patchiness is a central objective in biological oceanography." Countless numbers of the minute, nearly transparent zooplankton are found under the surface of each square meter of the world's oceans. These animals play a key role in the marine food web as a crucial link bet...

Unraveling a stomach cancer puzzle

...e protein linking those 'genes behaving badly' and central to development, tissue equilibrium and the immune system. "We showed that, in mice, hyperactive Stat3 shuts down a vital controller of stomach cell growth, called TGF beta, and this allows cancer formation, and this mechanistic link is a world-first....

Researchers feed tiny pills of RNA to planarians to identify genes essential for regeneration

...hat planarian stem cells, called neoblasts, play a central role in both regeneration and homeostasis. But how they do that has remained shrouded in mystery. Sánchez Alvarado and his research associates used bacteria to synthesize double-stranded RNA that silences planarian genes. The bacteria effectively be...

TGen awarded $7.1 million to accelerate brain disease research

...ftware development company in Phoenix, to create a central database for data generated by the consortium. These data are freely available so the entire scientific community can benefit from this publicly funded endeavor. The Neuroscience Blueprint institutes are components of the National Institutes of Heal...

Vietnam war technology could aid elephant conservation

... of elephant populations or other large mammals in central Africa, as these populations are relatively small and threatened by poaching," Wood says. The team will now work on improving the system by using an array of geophones which will allow them to use beam forming techniques. According to Wood: "Using a...

VCU study shows hormone-like molecule kills cells that cause inflammation in allergic disease

...immunologists studying mast cells, known to play a central role in asthma and allergic disease, have identified a hormone-like molecule that can kill these cells by programming them to die in studies with mice. The findings move researchers another step closer to understanding the life cycle of mast cells,...