Carbohydrates in Biological News

Bolivian rainforest study suggests feeding behavior in monkeys and humans have ancient, shared roots

... if the diet is poor in protein but rich in carbohydrates and fats (energy dense food) individuals will end ... around 0.2 MJ (11 grams), whereas their intake of carbohydrates and fats varied between 0.7-6.2 MJ. The ... protein, spider monkeys consumed large amounts of carbohydrates and fats when protein content in the food was ...

Iowa State chemist synthesizes carbohydrates, launches startup company

... AMES, Iowa carbohydrates are part of our daily vocabulary. We all know ... to do with starches and sugars. But, even though carbohydrates are so familiar, there's still a lot for science to learn about them. "Our knowledge of carbohydrates is still in its infancy," said Nikki Pohl, an ...

DOE awards UGA $3.1 million to support complex carbohydrate study nationwide

... resource for researchers who study the complex carbohydrates of plants and of microbes that interact with ... awarded in 1986. "As interest in complex carbohydrates has grown, the DOE center has provided us the ... as understanding of the importance of complex carbohydrates in biological systems has grown," said CCRC ...

Low-carb diets can affect dieters' cognition skills

... University shows that when dieters eliminate carbohydrates from their meals, they performed more poorly on ... reduce calories, but maintain carbohydrates. When carbohydrates were reintroduced, cognition skills returned to ... way of storing it. Rather, the body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is carried to the brain ...

Choosing dry or wet food for cats makes little difference

... dry cat food contains more starch and more carbohydrates than canned cat food, some have argued that a diet containing large amounts of carbohydrates is unnatural for a cat that is anatomically and physiologically designed to be a carnivore. carbohydrates constitute between 30 percent and 40 percent of ...

'Bad carbs' not the enemy, University of Virginia professor finds

... The latest common wisdom on carbohydrates claims that eating so-called bad carbohydrates will make you fat, but University of Virginia ... Carbs and other books, found that diets high in carbohydrates are almost universally associated with slimmer ...

Two UT Southwestern researchers awarded Sloan fellowships

... Kohler, who was originally nominated last year. Her research involves carbohydrates on cell surfaces, which interact with other cells and the environment in ... she said. Her group plans to focus on enzymes that remove cell-surface carbohydrates from various types of human cancer cells. This interaction appears to be ...

Pectin power

... supports a more exciting and subtle role. Interaction between dietary carbohydrates and mammalian proteins, of which this research is an example, may provide an explanation. Other food carbohydrates such as beta glucans are considered to be bioactive and their anti-cancer ...

Nutritionists of the UGR suggest diet improvements during Ramadan

... 9% of the total energy, against the recommended 15%, and a decrease of carbohydrates to 43%, against the 50-60% recommended. Research results prove that it ... have proposed a diet in which fat has been reduced and proteins and carbohydrates increased, according to the daily needs of this young population group. ...

Killer carbs -- Monash scientist finds the key to overeating as we age

... and said the degeneration is more significant following meals rich in carbohydrates and sugars. "The more carbs and sugars you eat, the more your ... Dr Andrews' next research project will focus on finding if a diet rich in carbohydrates and sugars has other impacts on the brain, such as the increased ...

Limiting fructose may boost weight loss, UT Southwestern researcher reports

... of Nutrition , said her team's findings suggest that the right type of carbohydrates a person eats may be just as important in weight control as the number of ... immediately after the sweet drinks were consumed," Dr. Parks said. "The carbohydrates came into the body as sugars, the liver took the molecules apart like ...

Post-exercise caffeine helps muscles refuel

... performances. This is the first study to show that caffeine combined with carbohydrates following exercise can help refuel the muscle faster. "If you have 66% ... of caffeine to establish that it could help the muscles convert ingested carbohydrates to glycogen more rapidly. However, because caffeine can have potentially ...

Sugar linkage could lead to better treatment for autoimmune diseases

... biopolymers are linear and thus relatively easy to sequence, bush-shaped carbohydrates have proved challenging. With sequential mass spectrometry, we ... residues on airway surface tissues serve as doorways for viral entry. carbohydrates are the glue that pulls things together, the cell surface matrix in which ...

Nutrition research unveiled this week shows pistachios are smart for the heart

... some common high-carbohydrate foods, may actually slow the absorption of carbohydrates into the body, resulting in a lower than expected blood sugar level. ... kind to examine the effects of pistachios alone and in combination with carbohydrates on blood sugar levels. The study hopefully will lead to new treatment ...

Coral's addiction to 'junk food'

... their diet, and the algae in turn use sunlight to produce junk food carbohydrates and fats for the corals to consume. Where it all breaks down is when ... provide carbon as CO2 which is processed by the algae to reprocess into carbohydrates and fats using energy from sunlight, so they can feed. Its a beautiful ...

ESF's workshop restores good name of sugar

... recognition and brain functions such as memory. It also means complex carbohydrates are often implicated in diseases where these functions go wrong, including ... amino acids. According to Merry a similar rationalisation is needed for carbohydrates to bring glycomics the science of sugars in general onto the same ...

Study links success of invasive Argentine ants to diet shifts

... protein is available in irrigated residential communities, this switch to carbohydrates allows the ants to effectively expand their populations, the scientists ... to consume a variety of sources of food and its this ability to consume carbohydrates that contributes to their success, said Holway. Holway and Suarez found ...

UTMB study identifies women at risk of gaining excessive weight with injectable birth control

... weight gain is still unknown, but researchers note that possible mechanisms include glucocorticoid-like activity, how the body breaks down simple carbohydrates such as glucose, and DMPA-associated interference with insulin action. Previous findings seem to argue against the theory that weight gain could be ...

Flexible neck in cell-receptor DC-SIGN targets more pathogens

... are first brought together and then pulled apart. In the current work, the surfaces were cell receptor DC-SIGN and a target membrane decorated with carbohydrates to mimic a pathogen surface. The forces were measured as a function of the distance between the two surfaces, which was measured with ...

Omega-3 fatty acids appear to impact AMD progression

... foods results in cellular damage that retinal cells cannot handle, thus damaging eye tissues." dGI is a scale used to determine how quickly carbohydrates are broken down into blood sugar, also known as blood glucose. Foods such as sweetened drinks, sodas and white bread are high-GI because they trigger ...

New study finds lowfat chocolate milk is effective post-exercise recovery aid for soccer players

... nutrients not found in most traditional sports drinks. Studies suggest that when consumed after exercise, milk's mix of high-quality protein and carbohydrates can help refuel exhausted muscles. The protein in milk helps build lean muscle and recent research suggests it may reduce exercise-induced muscle ...

Glutamine supplements show promise in treating stomach ulcers

... a standardized diet (containing 1.9 percent glutamine) or the same diet with supplemental L-glutamine (containing 6.9 percent glutamine) replacing carbohydrates for five percent of the total calories. After two weeks, the mice were subdivided into two more groups, with one group receiving a sham (fake) dose ...

DOE funds bio-inspired solar fuel center at Arizona State

... electrochemical energy, and biochemical catalysts that use this energy to remove electrons from water molecules and employ them to make fuels such as carbohydrates and oils. Following the natural design principles of photosynthesis, scientists in the new ASU center will investigate how to make artificial ...

Genes from tiny algae shed light on big role managing carbon in world's oceans

... algal species, thriving throughout the world's oceans from the tropics to the poles. They capture CO 2 , sunlight, water, and nutrients and produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Their productivitywhich provides food resources within marine food websas well as their knack for capturing carbon, and influencing the ...

Rensselaer receives more than $2 million from New York State to fund stem cell research

... Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, as well as researchers from the University of Georgia, to study the complex web of carbohydrates that surround human stem cells. This sugary coating is known as the glyco niche and supports the growth and specialization of stem cells within the ...

Cellulosic biofuel technology will generate low-cost green fuel, says major study

... based on all the factors considered" says Professor Lynd. "The most promising class of processes we analysed combined the biological fermentation of carbohydrates to fuels with advanced technologies that thermochemically convert process residues to electrical power and, or, additional liquid fuels. One of our ...

Physical activity may not be key to obesity epidemic

... than physical activity expenditure for why Chicago women weigh more than Nigerian women, Luke said. She noted the Nigerian diet is high in fiber and carbohydrates and low in fat and animal protein. By contrast, the Chicago diet is 40 percent to 45 percent fat and high in processed foods. Results of the new ...

Researchers find chink in the armor of viral 'tummy bug'

... new directions are required in the development of potential drugs to prevent or treat this deadly virus." He said that to better understand how carbohydrates are involved in rotavirus infection, researchers had focussed on treating mammalian cells with a protein called sialidase which cuts these surface ...

Brain enzyme may play key role in controlling appetite and weight gain

... cells. "It turns out that this enzyme, and the pathway it regulates, is nutrient sensitive that is, S6K activity increases in the presence of carbohydrates and protein," says the study's principal investigator, Gary J. Schwartz, Ph.D., professor of medicine and neuroscience at Einstein. "This led us to ...

National and international doctoral training

... molecules which perform important signalling and regulatory functions within and between cells and organisms. The important interaction of carbohydrates and proteins is to be studied in the cell for its molecular and biochemical aspects. (Host university: Westphalian Wilhelms University, Mnster; ...

Caltech researchers get first 3-D glimpse of bacterial cell-wall architecture

... the bacteria couldn't survive; they would likely rupture." This bag, called a sacculus, is made out of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like structure of carbohydrates (glycans) and amino-acid peptides. It is the sacculus, Jensen notes, that is targeted by the antibiotic penicillin; penicillin blocks a bacterium's ...

USAID grant awarded to improve food security in Africa

... including the tomato one of the most important cash crops for small-scale growers in Africa, and rice and maize both major sources of dietary carbohydrates on the continent. The three-year project is funded by the United States Agency for International Development's Bureau for Economic Growth, ...

Growing fuel and medicine: Advancing biofuels and plant-produced therapeutics

... dependent on dietary sources, mainly fresh fruits and produce, to fulfill their requirements for this nutrient. In plants, AsA is one of the major carbohydrates and antioxidants that play a role in essential physiological processes such as photosynthesis, cell division, and stress tolerance. Although ...

Older people who diet without exercising lose valuable muscle mass

... through exercise training, weight loss (through dieting), or both. In addition, they wanted to know which fuel source the body would draw upon, carbohydrates or fats, under these different conditions. The 64 participants were 60-75 years of age and were either overweight or obese. All of the ...

Scientists point to forests for carbon storage solutions

... "It might seem like a small difference, but it's important from the standpoint of plants." Plants use the energy from sunlight to manufacture carbohydrates and release oxygen through photosynthesis. Curtis said scientists believe the rising temperatures combined with the presence of water led to the ...

Future for clean energy lies in 'big bang' of evolution

... atoms of water into their constituent protons and electrons to carry the energy derived from sunlight onto photosystem I, leading to production of carbohydrates and ultimately also the proteins and fats required by all organisms. ...

Researchers create safer alternative to heparin

... Troy, N.Y. Robert Linhardt has spent years stitching together minuscule carbohydrates to build a more pure and safer alternative to the commonly used and controversial blood thinner heparin. At the national conference of the American ...

Mussels to determine how much contamination is in the ports

... but it is highly durable and it can still be found in waters", stated Dr Etxebarria. Organic substances have also been studied, such as polyaromatic carbohydrates (PAH) from ships fuel, the phtalates used in making plastics or the polychloride biphenyls (PCBs) derived from oils. "These last are similar to ...

CO2 increase in the atmosphere augments tolerance of barley to salinity

... due to excess sodium and chlorine (components of salt) and due to lack of potassium, calcium and nitrogen. In essence, the plant will produce less carbohydrates and proteins, which means a reduction in its growth. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that the CO 2 concentration in ...

US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute announces new genome sequencing projects

... walls. Collectively known as white rot fungi, they possess the unique ability to efficiently depolymerize lignin in order to gain access to cell wall carbohydrates for carbon and energy sources. Ceriporiopsis subvermispora rapidly depolymerizes lignin with relatively little cellulose degradation. The annotated ...